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OBJECTIVES The use of local probiotics in the therapy of periodontitis is reflected in their ability to antagonize periodontopathogens and modulate the immune response of the host to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of... more
OBJECTIVES The use of local probiotics in the therapy of periodontitis is reflected in their ability to antagonize periodontopathogens and modulate the immune response of the host to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigated the use of local probiotics in the treatment of periodontitis as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planning (SRP). METHODS The study involved 80 patients diagnosed with periodontitis. All participants underwent SRP therapy. Semi-solid probiotic was then locally applied to the periodontal pocket in randomly selected patients for the test group (40 of them). The other 40 patients were in the control group. Clinical parameters including periodontal pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PI) were measured at baseline, and at 7 and 30 days after treatment. RESULTS Seven days after the applied therapy in the test and control group, there was a significant decrease in the values or BOP (p<0.001), while the values of other parameters did not show a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). One month after the therapy in both groups, there was a statistically significant difference in the values of all clinical parameters (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this pilot study, it can be said that, during periodontal treatment, topical application of probiotics in combination with SRP increases the effectiveness of conventional non-surgical therapy of periodontitis.
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The use of lasers in medicine was introduced in I960. Immediately after that the researches in the use of lasers in dentistry started as well. Two kinds of lasers are used: soft lasers and hard lasers. This paper deals with our experience... more
The use of lasers in medicine was introduced in I960. Immediately after that the researches in the use of lasers in dentistry started as well. Two kinds of lasers are used: soft lasers and hard lasers. This paper deals with our experience in the use of soft lasers in the case of oral diseases. Laser therapy has been performed on patients with aphtae changes, labial herpes simplex and dentine hyper-sensitivity. According to our experience in the use of soft lasers in the case of oral diseases, it can be concluded that laser therapy can be successfully used as symptomatic therapy which both shortens duration of oral disease and eases patients' subjective pains.
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AimsMicrobial flora of dental plaque trigger innate and adaptive immune responses. The function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is to bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. The human immune system contains three main types of... more
AimsMicrobial flora of dental plaque trigger innate and adaptive immune responses. The function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is to bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. The human immune system contains three main types of APCs: dendritic cells (DC) (Langerhans cells (LCs) and interstitial DCs, IDCs), macrophages and B lymphocytes. In this study, the distribution and density of all APCs in healthy and inflamed human gingival tissue were comparatively analysed.MethodsResearch was conducted on gingival biopsy specimens obtained from 55 patients and classified in three groups: healthy gingiva (control group, n=10), moderate periodontal disease (PD) (n=21) and severe PD (n=24). For APCs’ identification antibodies raised against CD1a(for LCs), S100protein (for iDCs), CD68(for macrophages) and CD20(for B lymphocytes) were used.ResultsIncreased density of IDCs, macrophages and B lymphocytes in lamina propria and reduced density of LCs in the gingival epithelium were found in ...
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Objective Besides various harmful effects on the overall health, chronic consumption of psychoactive substances has different consequences on oral health. The goal of this paper was to examine the condition of oral health in psychoactive... more
Objective Besides various harmful effects on the overall health, chronic consumption of psychoactive substances has different consequences on oral health. The goal of this paper was to examine the condition of oral health in psychoactive substance users during the healing process and to do a comparative analysis of maintaining oral hygiene before and during the substance abuse treatment. Subjects and Methods The study included 26 regular users of psychoactive substance. All the respondents used different types of psychoactive substances for at least two years and were treated for three months. The examination was divided into two parts. The first included completing the questionnaires that contained questions related to maintaining oral hygiene while using psychoactive substances and during the substance abuse treatment (the moment of interviewing). The second included the clinical examination of the respondents during the therapy. Results Taking into account all information collected from the questionnaires, respondents used heroin statistically significantly more than all the other substances (p < 0.001), while snorting was the most common way of consuming; this was statistically significantly more common than all the other ways, separately (p < 0.001). During therapy, a significantly greater number of the addicts used some aids for maintaining oral hygiene and the percentage of those users rose from 19.23% to 61.54% (p < 0.01). The clinical examination confirmed that the majority of the respondents had gingivitis, 23 (88.46%). Conclusion In the users of psychoactive substances, gingiva and other periodontal tissues suffer the worst damage, but when the healing process starts, the awareness about the importance of maintaining oral hygiene improves.
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Clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotic, has been under-recognized as an antimicrobial agent for use in dentistry. The aim of the present work was to evaluate clinical efficacy of 2% clindamycin gel in addition to the basic mechanical... more
Clindamycin, a lincosamide antibiotic, has been under-recognized as an antimicrobial agent for use in dentistry. The aim of the present work was to evaluate clinical efficacy of 2% clindamycin gel in addition to the basic mechanical periodontal therapy. At baseline, scaling and root planing (SRP) was performed at all 50 subjects (control group and test group). Clindamycin gel was applied after SRP only in the test group. Clinical measurements including periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PI) were done at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Compared to baseline, the PPD and CAL values significantly decreased in the test group (p < 0.05) and were statistically lower (p < 0.05) compared to control group. PPD reduction of 2.42 mm was obtained in the test group and could be generally considered as clinically significant. A PPD reduction greater than 2 mm indicated that clindamycin gel could be used efficiently as an adjunct to SRP. Also, between-group difference in BOP and PI scores was statistically significant 6 months after treatment. In conclusion, the application of clindamycin gel in combination with SRP enhanced the efficacy of non surgical periodontal therapy in reducing pocket depth and improving attachment levels in chronic periodontitis subjects and had additional benefits over mechanical therapy alone.
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Irrespective of the new generation of dental materials, acrylates still have a wide indication field. Although they are classified as biomaterials, acrylates can have both local and systemic side effects. The individual components of the... more
Irrespective of the new generation of dental materials, acrylates still have a wide indication field. Although they are classified as biomaterials, acrylates can have both local and systemic side effects. The individual components of the acrylic materials may leave the dental restorations and diffuse into saliva. The aim of this study was to point out the potentially toxic components of acrylic dental materials, as well as their possible adverse effects on oral tissues and the organism in general. The paper was based on the assumption that the appropriate selection of the type of acrylic material and the proper method of their preparation reduce their adverse effects to a minimum, which was proven using literature data.
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Introduction: Recent studies have found that patients with periodontitis have greater risk of incurring fatal cardiovascular disease than patients without periodontitis. Emerging research has identified inflammation caused by... more
Introduction: Recent studies have found that patients with periodontitis have greater risk of incurring fatal cardiovascular disease than patients without periodontitis. Emerging research has identified inflammation caused by periodontitis as significantly increasing the risk for ACS. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate a periodontal status in the patients with ACS, and to assess the association of different periodontal parameters with ACS. Material and methods: In the first group, patients both with ACS and periodontitis were enrolled as cases. Patients were examined 3 days after ischemia. The second group consisted of patients who had only periodontitis. The control group consisted of healthy individuals. Periodontal parameters were measured and matched on the basis of demographic characteristics and assessed between the groups. The severity of periodontitis in both cases was analyzed. Results: Analysis of the periodontal parameters showed that median scores were higher ...
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This report aims to discuss the occurrence and differential diagnosis in hard palate foreign bodies, in infants. We present the case of a 16month-old girl who was found to have plastic part of a toy embedded in the hard palate as foreign... more
This report aims to discuss the occurrence and differential diagnosis in hard palate foreign bodies, in infants. We present the case of a 16month-old girl who was found to have plastic part of a toy embedded in the hard palate as foreign body. The foreign body was extracted with care to avoid aspiration. The possibilities of misdiagnosis and airway aspiration were discussed. Great care was focused on prevention of airway aspiration.
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Poor oral hygiene and diseases of the teeth and oral tissues can affect all aspects of patients' lives. The aim of the study was to determine the subjective assessment of oral and general health and their impact on the quality of life... more
Poor oral hygiene and diseases of the teeth and oral tissues can affect all aspects of patients' lives. The aim of the study was to determine the subjective assessment of oral and general health and their impact on the quality of life in elderly patients. The research included 46 patients, geriatric center users, who were asked questions from a three-part questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire referred to the basic sociodemografic data. The second part of the questionnaire was the modified Oral Impacts of Daily Performance (OIDP), followed by an assessment of general and oral health by the patient. Likert's five-step scale (1 - 5) determined the frequency and intensity of the difficulties encountered, as well as the subjective assessment of the state of health. Based on the modified OIDP questionnaire, we found that all patients had some difficulties due to oral complaints. Even 86.96% of patients, due to with the existence of oral symptoms, experienced eating di...
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Periodontal regeneration is considered to be biologically possible but clinically unpredictable. In periodontitis, inflammation manifests clinically as loss of supporting periodontal tissues and regeneration of damaged tissue is the main... more
Periodontal regeneration is considered to be biologically possible but clinically unpredictable. In periodontitis, inflammation manifests clinically as loss of supporting periodontal tissues and regeneration of damaged tissue is the main goal of treatment. For decades, periodontists have sought to repair the damage through a variety of surgical procedures, and use of grafting materials and growth factors, and of barrier membranes. Reports have emerged that demonstrate which populations of adult stem cells reside in the periodontal ligaments of humans and other animals. This opens the way for new cell-based therapies for perio-dontal regeneration. This review provides an overview of adult human stem cells and their potential use in perio-dontal regeneration.
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
Introduction: Some of the typical skin diseases, such as Pemphigus vulgaris, Pemphigoid mucosae oris, Erythema exudativum multiforme, Sclerodremia, Dermatitis herpetiformis-Duhring and Lichen planus, can cause swelling and irritation in... more
Introduction: Some of the typical skin diseases, such as Pemphigus vulgaris, Pemphigoid mucosae oris, Erythema exudativum multiforme, Sclerodremia, Dermatitis herpetiformis-Duhring and Lichen planus, can cause swelling and irritation in mucous membranes of the oral cavity. Aim: The aim of the study was to precise diagnosis and treatment of oral Lichen planus manifestations. Methods: Analyzing the literature data and the experience of clinicians, the most common oral lichen planus manifestations were investigated. Results: This disease most commonly occurs in middle-aged patients (30-60 years) and is more common in women than in men. Oral Lichen planus is rarely seen in children. The disease presents in 0.5% to 2% of the population. Clinical history established the relation between oral Lichen planus and oral carcinoma, and therefore this disease should be considered a precancerous lesion. Conclusion: Dermatoses in the mouth are localized most often in the oral mucosa, both at the he...
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Dentine hypersensitivity is a common problem in everyday dental practice. It is claimed that 14.3% of all dental patients have some degree of dentine hypersensitivity. Literature data reveal a number of treatment modalities. So far, most... more
Dentine hypersensitivity is a common problem in everyday dental practice. It is claimed that 14.3% of all dental patients have some degree of dentine hypersensitivity. Literature data reveal a number of treatment modalities. So far, most of the therapies have failed to be completely successful, but some authors report that lasers may now provide reliable and reproducible treatment. The purpose of this article is to summarize current knowledge regarding low level laser therapy for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. With the development of lasers, it could be expected that laser applications in dentistry will increase According to the literature data, it can be concluded that low level lasers have shown their efficiency in therapy of hypersensitive dentine and present a possible tool for dentine hypersensitivity treatment in the future.
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The use of biomaterials and implant therapy in dentistry is becoming a more popular and acceptable procedure for the replacement of both single and multiple teeth. Procedures have evolved for maintaining and regenerating bone to provide... more
The use of biomaterials and implant therapy in dentistry is becoming a more popular and acceptable procedure for the replacement of both single and multiple teeth. Procedures have evolved for maintaining and regenerating bone to provide an optimal environment for subsequent implant placement. Both guided bone regeneration and implantology have applications in dentistry for increasing the width and height of the alveolar ridge in areas with insufficient alveolar bone in jaws, as well as repairing and maintaining bone defects around the teeth. The application of these techniques involves the use of a wide range of materials, including autogenous bone grafts, allografts, xenografts, alloplasts, bone-promoting factors, resorbable/nonresorbable barrier membranes, and implants used either alone or in a variety of combinations. The methods of guided bone regeneration utilize biological materials or synthetic specimens. Furthermore, insight into the future development of membrane fabricatio...
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Smoking patients show reduction in inflammatory clinical signs that might be associated with local vasoconstriction and increased gingival epithelial thickness. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the thickness of the marginal gingival... more
Smoking patients show reduction in inflammatory clinical signs that might be associated with local vasoconstriction and increased gingival epithelial thickness. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the thickness of the marginal gingival oral epithelium in smokers and non-smokers. Twelve biopsies were obtained from three different groups. Group I: non-smokers with gingivitis, group II: smokers and group III healthy persons without any periodontal disease. The biopsies were histologically processed, serially sectioned at 5 μm, followed by the evaluation of the major epithelial thickness, the epithelial base thickness and the external and internal epithelial parameters. The difference between the groups was analyzed using ANOVA test. The criteria for statistical significance were at the probablity level p< 0.05. A greater epithelial thickness was observed in smokers.
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Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic, progressive scarring disease associated with both significant morbidity including pain and limited mouth opening and an increased risk for malignancy. This systematic review evaluated the different... more
Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic, progressive scarring disease associated with both significant morbidity including pain and limited mouth opening and an increased risk for malignancy. This systematic review evaluated the different medicinal (i.e. nonsurgical) interventions available for the management of oral submucous fibrosis. An automated literature searches of online databases from January 1960 to December 2013 were performed and only studies with high level of evidence based on the guidelines of the Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine were selected. Thirteen studies (3 randomized controlled trials and 10 clinical trials/controlled clinical trials) were included and drugs like steroids, hyaluronidase, human placenta extracts, chymotrypsin and collagenase, pentoxifylline, nylidrin hydrochloride, iron and multivitamin supplements including lycopene were used. There is a clear lack of evidence on the available drug treatment for oral submucous fibrosis and further high q...
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Periodontal disease is considered to be an inflammatory disorder that is related to the accumulation of oral microbial biofilm and the host response to this accumulation. The host reaction to gingival microorganisms is characterized in... more
Periodontal disease is considered to be an inflammatory disorder that is related to the accumulation of oral microbial biofilm and the host response to this accumulation. The host reaction to gingival microorganisms is characterized in part by increase in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts, which is one of the most important steps in host defense. Exaggerated leukocytes and neutrophils of host response are a very important component in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between white blood cell count and periodontal disease in subjects with moderate and severe periodontitis and in control subjects with healthy periodontal tissues. Leukocytes for the present study were obtained from peripheral venous blood of 50 patients with moderate periodontitis, 50 patients with severe periodontitis and 25 healthy subjects. The clinical parameters of periodontitis including plaque index, bleeding on probing and gingival index...
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ABSTRACT Determining the causative factors of periodontal abscess continues to tax the diagnostic skills of clinicians. This case report describes a complication of periodontal disease affecting the vestibular site of the mandibular first... more
ABSTRACT Determining the causative factors of periodontal abscess continues to tax the diagnostic skills of clinicians. This case report describes a complication of periodontal disease affecting the vestibular site of the mandibular first molar presenting with features ...