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Progress for testcross performance within the flint heterotic pool of a public maize breeding program since the onset of hybrid breeding

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Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yields have risen due to agronomic improvements and plant breeding, especially since the introduction of hybrid breeding. This study was conducted to measure the breeding progress within the flint heterotic pool of a public maize breeding program since the onset of hybrid breeding. Testcrosses with two dent testers of four flint founder lines (FL), four elite flint lines from three time periods each (EL1, EL2, EL3), and seven preselected doubled haploid (DH) lines from landraces (DH-LR) were evaluated together with four commercial check hybrids (CH). Grain yield (GY) and grain dry matter content (GDMC) were assessed in six diverse environments in southwestern Germany and northeastern France in 2016. We estimated a highly significant (P < 0.001) linear increase in GY of 48 kg ha−1 yr−1. The average testcross performance of DH-LR was significantly higher than of FL. Interestingly, two of the DH-LR lines had a higher yield than all EL2 lines. We conclude that a remarkable breeding progress has been achieved and annual gain in GY does not level off yet. However, an integration of new genetic material into the flint heterotic pool for maintaining sufficient genetic diversity is needed to ensure long-term selection gain. DH lines from landraces could be used for this purpose but we recommend using multiple test environments with contrasting yield levels and agronomic conditions as well as genetically broad testers to identify the most promising lines because interactions with testers and environments are larger in these materials compared with elite lines.

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Abbreviations

CH:

Commercial check hybrids

DH:

Doubled haploid

DH-LR:

Doubled haploid lines from landraces

EL:

Elite lines

EL1:

Elite lines time period 1

EL2:

Elite lines time period 2

EL3:

Elite lines time period 3

FL:

Flint founder lines

GCA:

General combining ability

GDMC:

Grain dry matter content

GY:

Grain yield

SCA:

Specific combining ability

UHOH:

University of Hohenheim

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Acknowledgements

We are indebted to the technical staff at the Chair of Applied Genetics and Plant Breeding at the University of Hohenheim for their skilled support in producing the genetic materials and conducting the field trials for this study. We also thank Prof. Piepho for critical reading of the manuscript and his suggestions for improvement. This study was supported by internal grants of the University of Hohenheim.

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  1. Armin C. Hölker

    Present address: Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Sciences and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 21, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany

    Armin C. Hölker, Wolfgang Schipprack, H. Friedrich Utz, Willem S. Molenaar & Albrecht E. Melchinger

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Hölker, A.C., Schipprack, W., Utz, H.F. et al. Progress for testcross performance within the flint heterotic pool of a public maize breeding program since the onset of hybrid breeding. Euphytica 215, 50 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-019-2370-0

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