- Kafrelsheikh University, Faculty of Agriculture, Genetics Department
Ola A . Galal
Kafrelsheikh University, Genetics, Faculty Member
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The agricultural use of silica (SiO 2) nanoparticles (NPs) has the potential to control insect pests while the safety and tritrophic effects on plants and beneficial natural enemies remains unknown. Here, we evaluate the effects of silica... more
The agricultural use of silica (SiO 2) nanoparticles (NPs) has the potential to control insect pests while the safety and tritrophic effects on plants and beneficial natural enemies remains unknown. Here, we evaluate the effects of silica NPs on insect pests with different feeding niches, natural enemies, and a plant. Silica NPs were applied at different concentrations (75-425 mg/L) on field-cultivated faba bean and soybean for two growing seasons. The faba bean pests, the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora and the American serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolii, and the soybean pest, the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, were monitored along with their associated predators. Additional laboratory experiments were performed to test the effects of silica NPs on the growth of faba bean seedlings and to determine whether the rove beetle Paederus fuscipes is attracted to cotton leafworm-infested soybean treated with silica NPs. In the field experiments, silica NPs reduced the populations of all three insect pests and their associated predators, including rove beetles, as the concentration of silica NPs increased. In soybean fields, however, the total number of predators initially increased after applying the lowest concentration. An olfactometer-based choice test found that rove beetles were more likely to move towards an herbivore-infested plant treated with silica NPs than to a watertreated control, suggesting that silica NPs enhance the attraction of natural enemies via herbivoreinduced plant volatiles. In the laboratory, while silica NPs inhibited the development of faba bean roots at 400 mg/L, they did not affect germination percentage, germination time, shoot length, or vigor index compared to the control.
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Cytogenetic behavior of five wheat genotypes of Triticum aestivum (Shandweel 1, Misr 2 and Gemmiza 11) and T. durum (Benisouef 5 and Benisouef 6) in addition to their interspecific hybrids was studied. All five parental genotypes showed... more
Cytogenetic behavior of five wheat genotypes of Triticum aestivum (Shandweel 1, Misr 2 and Gemmiza 11) and T. durum (Benisouef 5 and Benisouef 6) in addition to their interspecific hybrids was studied. All five parental genotypes showed normal behavior in meiosis. Also, the interspecific hexaploid × hexaploid showed normal diploid pairing at diakinesis and metaphase I with average number ranged from 18.16 (C2) to 20.49 (RC2) and from 16.77 (C2) to 20.22 (C1) bivalents, respectively. And tetraploid × tetraploid showed normal diploid pairing at diakinesis and the average of bivalents were 13.95 and 13.98 for C10 and RC10 hybrids at metaphase I, respectively. So the normal decrease of laggards and micronuclei averages was recorded. Higher incidences of aberrant chromosomal structure such as the formation of univalent, laggards and micronuclei were observed in all the six interspecific pentaploid (hexaploid × tetraploid) which could be described as an abnormal compared to the six recipr...
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Nine Egyptian rice ( Oryza sativa L.) genotypes were assessed for DNA polymorphism using three different types of molecular markers (RAPD, SCoT and SSR). RAPD primers produced 68.70% of polymorphism and an average PIC value of 0.24. SCoT... more
Nine Egyptian rice ( Oryza sativa L.) genotypes were assessed for DNA polymorphism using three different types of molecular markers (RAPD, SCoT and SSR). RAPD primers produced 68.70% of polymorphism and an average PIC value of 0.24. SCoT primers generated 86.54% of polymorphism and 0.28 average value of PIC. All tested SSR markers yielded amplified products and generated 104 alleles (average 6.5 alleles/marker) with PIC values ranged from 0.20 to 0.49 per marker. RM301 SSR marker produced specific alleles only in the four drought sensitive rice varieties that could readily distinguished the sensitive genotypes from the others. While, RM20A and RM302 SSR markers produced one positive unique marker in the moderate (Sakha 102) and drought tolerant (Giza 178) varieties, respectively. These markers may be usefully exploited for molecular breeding of rice for drought tolerance. On the other hand, clustering analysis using UPGMA method classified the nine rice genotypes into three gr...
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In an attempt to assess the genetic diversity among 18 maize inbred lines used in breeding programs and to identify specific genetic markers for late wilt disease resistance, esterase, peroxidase and RAPD markers were used. Fifteen RAPD... more
In an attempt to assess the genetic diversity among 18 maize inbred lines used in breeding programs and to identify specific genetic markers for late wilt disease resistance, esterase, peroxidase and RAPD markers were used. Fifteen RAPD primers were successful for evaluation of 18 inbred lines of maize. These biochemical and molecular techniques were efficient in detecting genetic polymorphism with an average of 100, 100 and 83.21% for esterase, peroxidase and RAPD, respectively. For cluster analysis, the 18 inbred lines were divided into four groups based on esterase and peroxidase isozyme and three groups based on RAPD analysis. Also, the principal coordinate analysis separated the 18 inbred lines for three groups (esterase and peroxidase analyses) and two groups (RAPD analysis) and the separation was according to the imported location more than the late wilt disease resistance. On the other hand, 45 out of 2191 amplified bands were found to be useful as unique markers. All primer...
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Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic environmental pollutant. Ellagic acid (EA), a plant phenol presents in various human foods, has been reported to have both anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic potential. The present study... more
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic environmental pollutant. Ellagic acid (EA), a plant phenol presents in various human foods, has been reported to have both anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic potential. The present study was conducted to investigate whether EA could play any protective role against genotoxicity induced by Cd in Drosophila melanogaster. Five doses of Cd: 0 (control), 1/2, 1, 2 and 4 folds of the allowable concentration in drinking water, were applied to measure some fitness parameters such as viability, developmental time and body size (thorax and wing lengths). Moreover, protein banding patterns and esterase isozymes activities were studied as biochemical effects of Cd pollutant at first, third and sixth generations of treatments. The Cd effects were studied either alone or combined with 0.07 mg/ml of EA for all Cd doses. At all Cd concentrations, viability and body size significantly decreased except for body size only at the lowest concentration (1...
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The negative effects of drought stress induced by mannitol on three different plant genera of gramineae were studied. Identification of SSR markers for drought tolerance in gramineae was an important goal for this study. Four cultivars... more
The negative effects of drought stress induced by mannitol on three different plant genera of gramineae were studied. Identification of SSR markers for drought tolerance in gramineae was an important goal for this study. Four cultivars from three different plant genera of gramineae (rice, wheat and barley), two tolerant and two sensitive from each genus were treated with three different mannitol concentrations (125, 250 and 500 mM) in addition to control and incubated for three weeks in room temperature. Data were collected for three drought related important seedling traits (root length, shoot length and germination%). Significant differences for genotypes were revealed by analysis of variance for root length and shoot length in rice and barley cultivars. While in rice, wheat and barley, significant differences were observed in mannitol treatments. On the other hand, significant differences for shoot length only in rice cultivars were recorded for the interaction between genotypes ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible antimutagenic effects of chitosan against genotoxic effects induced by aflatoxin in different mammalian cell systems. The chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow cells as well as... more
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible antimutagenic effects of chitosan against genotoxic effects induced by aflatoxin in different mammalian cell systems. The chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow cells as well as liver total proteins and blood serum isozymes in male rats were assayed after 45 and 90 days of treatments. The results indicated that aflatoxin significantly (p<0.01) increased chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow cells after both of 45 and 90 days of treatments, while the effect of chitosan was significant (p<0.05) only after 90 days of treatment. Treating rats with aflatoxins contaminated diet in addition to chitosan resulted in a significant decrease in chromosomal aberrations compared to the single treatments for both experimental periods. The results of electrophoretic separation of total protein and isozymes revealed the presence of some bands with higher intensity in aflatoxin group, while it was less for the combined treatments co...
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Assessment of DNA changes and mutations at molecular level are important in plant breeding. In this study DNA changes in four rice genotypes (Sakha-107, Giza-179, Sakha-106 and Sakha-101) induced by silica nanoparticles (0, 150, 300 and... more
Assessment of DNA changes and mutations at molecular level are important in plant breeding. In this study DNA changes in four rice genotypes (Sakha-107, Giza-179, Sakha-106 and Sakha-101) induced by silica nanoparticles (0, 150, 300 and 450 ppm) and somaclonal variations were determined using RAPD and SSR analyses. The potential effects of SiO2NP (< 100 nm) on rice plant growth were studied and the results showed positive and negative effects. Application of SiO2NP enhanced the fresh weight, shoot length and root length of the drought-sensitive rice varieties, but number of roots/seedling was increased with high concentration (450 ppm) in all studied genotypes. Mature embryos of four rice genotypes were used as explant source for callus induction and plant regeneration system. The obtained results showed significant effect of genotype on callus induction and plant regeneration in rice. For assessment of genome template stability percentage (GTS%), five RAPD primers were used and ...
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The agricultural use of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) has the potential to control insect pests while the safety and tritrophic effects on plants and beneficial natural enemies remains unknown. Here, we evaluate the effects of silica... more
The agricultural use of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) has the potential to control insect pests while the safety and tritrophic effects on plants and beneficial natural enemies remains unknown. Here, we evaluate the effects of silica NPs on insect pests with different feeding niches, natural enemies, and a plant. Silica NPs were applied at different concentrations (75–425 mg/L) on field-cultivated faba bean and soybean for two growing seasons. The faba bean pests, the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora and the American serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolii, and the soybean pest, the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, were monitored along with their associated predators. Additional laboratory experiments were performed to test the effects of silica NPs on the growth of faba bean seedlings and to determine whether the rove beetle Paederus fuscipes is attracted to cotton leafworm-infested soybean treated with silica NPs. In the field experiments, silica NPs reduced the populations...
Research Interests:
Insects quickly develop their resistance to conventional synthetic chemical insecticides. Silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) is a new promising approach not only in decreasing insect pest numbers but also for its safety regarding agricultural... more
Insects quickly develop their resistance to conventional synthetic chemical insecticides. Silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) is a new promising approach not only in decreasing insect pest numbers but also for its safety regarding agricultural organisms such as plants and beneficial natural enemies. Here, we investigate the safety of SiO2NPs on the faba bean Vicia faba (Fabaceae) as a model plant for toxicity studies and its control efficiency against the American serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) as a major devastating insect pest against a wide range of crops. The concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L of SiO2NPs (spherical shape, 15.3 nm) as well as distilled water as the control were used to investigate the effect of the nanoparticles. Early stages of development of V. faba were evaluated. The same concentrations of SiO2NPs were applied by spraying on two weeks old bean seedlings to evaluate their toxic effect on the feeding, survival and body mass o...
Growing use of oxide nanoparticles has driven their access to the natural environment, including biological interactions within the ecosystem, despite a lack of knowledge about their genotoxic potential on exposed plant tissue. In this... more
Growing use of oxide nanoparticles has driven their access to the natural environment, including biological interactions within the ecosystem, despite a lack of knowledge about their genotoxic potential on exposed plant tissue. In this study, seeds of broad beans (Vicia faba L.), one of the major carbohydrate food sources as well as an ecotoxicological model plant, were treated with three concentrations (25, 50 and 75 mg/L) of two different types of nanoscale materials (n–), n–SiO2 and n–TiO2, to assess their safe use. Seeds were soaked in n–SiO2 and n–TiO2 each for 24 h, then germinated in peat moss for two weeks. DNA
was isolated from leaves for RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) profile analyses. Results revealed a concentration-dependent genotoxic effect for n–SiO2 (however it seems to maintain genetic
material stability) and high genotoxic effect for n–TiO2.
was isolated from leaves for RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) profile analyses. Results revealed a concentration-dependent genotoxic effect for n–SiO2 (however it seems to maintain genetic
material stability) and high genotoxic effect for n–TiO2.
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Adult male albino rats feeding on stored wheat grains treated with malathion and spinosad were used as experimental animals to evaluate the hematological, cytogenetical and biochemical effects of both insecticides. Wheat-bound malathion... more
Adult male albino rats feeding on stored wheat grains treated with malathion and spinosad were used as experimental animals to evaluate the hematological, cytogenetical and biochemical effects of both insecticides. Wheat-bound malathion and spinosad were fed to rats at 8 and 16 ppm in the diet for 90 consecutive days. The tested concentrations of both insecticides induced observable significant decrease in the hematological indices (i.e. RBC’s, HCT and PLT). However, the other indices such as HGB, MCV and MCH were significantly decreased in malathion and spinosad-treated rats with the higher concentration only as compared to the untreated control group. On the other hand, WBCs recorded significant increases in the higher concentration of both insecticides. Results of the cytogenetical effects indicated that the tested concentrations of both insecticides showed significant increase in the average number of chromosomal aberrations in rat's bone marrow cells. The maximum effect was...
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Genetic variations were detected in four different rabbit genotypes; Animal Production Research Institute (APRI) line, New-Zealand White (NZW), Baladi Black (BB) and Gabali (GAB) breeds. Ten individuals from the first three genotypes and... more
Genetic variations were detected in four different rabbit genotypes; Animal Production Research Institute (APRI) line, New-Zealand White (NZW), Baladi Black (BB) and Gabali (GAB) breeds. Ten individuals from the first three genotypes and seven individuals from GAB, were blood sampled. Isozymes (esterase and peroxidase) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-protein markers were used to detect the genetic variations within these genotypes, whereas the random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) analysis using six random arbitrary primers were employed to assess the genetic variations and phylogenetic relationships among the four genotypes. The results show a variation in biochemical activity levels since, esterase profiles showed higher percentage of polymorphism (67.21%) than peroxidase (34.78%) and SDS-protein profiles (39.11 %). Moreover, the mean of the genetic similarity within the genotypes based on overall biochemical markers were 0.81 (APRI), 0.91 (NZW), ...