Marta Vicente

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The present article analyzes the crucial impact that artisan forms of organizing work had in the production of early cotton factories. By examining the case of the Sirés factory in Barcelona, this article argues that dividing work by gender and age and working with relatives, all traditional practices in an artisan shop, allowed eighteenth-century factory owners to face the challenges that production posed. The example of the Sirés factory also offers a picture of early industrialization that challenges the long-standing argument that artisan and factory forms of production were antagonistic. Factory owners organized their production and work in ways that replicated the way artisans had long produced and worked in their shops. Moreover, in shops and factories alike, production depended not just on the work of individuals, but also on that of their relatives. Parents and children, husbands and wives – all brought the flexibility of traditional artisan forms of organizing work to the ...

Die Autorin analysiert den entscheidenden Einfluss, den die Form, in der Handwerker ihre Arbeit in den frühen Baumwollfabriken organisierten, auf die Produktion der frühen Baumwollfabriken hatte. Die Untersuchung des Falls der Sirés-Fabrik in Barcelona zeigt, dass die Einteilung der Arbeit nach Geschlecht und Alter und das Arbeiten mit Verwandten den Besitzern der Fabriken im achtzehnten Jahrhundert ermöglichte, den Herausforderungen zu begegnen, welche die Produktion stellte. Das Beispiel der Sirés-Fabrik bietet ebenso ein Bild früher Industrialisierung, das die seit langem bestehende Behauptung, dass Handwerk und Fabrikformen der Produktion unvereinbar seien, anficht. Fabrikbesitzer organisierten ihre Produktion und die Arbeit in einer Weise, welche die Art, in der Handwerker in ihren Werkstätten lange produziert und gearbeitet hatten, nachahmte. Darüber hinaus war die Produktion, in Werkstätten wie Fabriken, nicht nur von der Arbeit einzelner abhängig, sondern auch von der ihrer ...

In January 1786, the Spanish Inquisition accused the Mexican theologian and bibliographer José Mariano de Beristain of purchasing, possessing, and reading aloud the French pornographic novel Le Portier des Chartreux (The Porter of the Charter House). Flouting his vows, the clergyman invited men and women to his bedroom, read them the novel, and showed its illustrations. Beristain's story offers us a rare glimpse into readership practices and the transmission of ideas in the eighteenth-century Spanish world. Le Portier was not only pornographic, it also had a philosophical and political message. According to current scholarship such philosophical and political components instilled radical ideas in readers. Beristain's story, however, shows that instead of absorbing the intended messages, readers were either scandalized or simply took pleasure in the pornographic elements of the story. Their understanding of Le Portier thus challenges the idea that “politically motivated pornography” directly affected public opinion in the late eighteenth century.