- historianedit
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The article argues that during the so-called Kražiai Massacre in 1893, as during other similar cases of popular resistance against the closure of Catholic churches in Lithuania, the peasants acted as a self-organized com munity. Rather... more
The article argues that during the so-called Kražiai Massacre in 1893, as during other similar cases of popular resistance against the closure of Catholic churches in Lithuania, the peasants acted as a self-organized com munity. Rather than undermining the imperial order, they were protesting in the name of the virtual social contract with the government, which they believed had been breached by the authorities.
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The article analyses how changes in historical paradigms correlate with the shift in collective consciousness, whether national or European, for the last fifteen years in studies of Lithuanian historians. The study shows that for the last... more
The article analyses how changes in historical paradigms correlate with the shift in collective consciousness, whether national or European, for the last fifteen years in studies of Lithuanian historians. The study shows that for the last fifteen years attitude of the ethnocentric concept have diminished in works of Lithuanian researchers and more historians turn to civic history, i.e. describing Lithuania as a multicultural state. Gradually other ethnic groups, including the Jews, become parts of the Lithuanian history. Historians begin acknowledging that historical concepts of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by different cultures, such as Lithuanian, Belarusian, etc. are possible. These changes relate mainly to professional historians only and partially history textbooks written by the same historians, however, this attitude does not dominate in consciousness of the general public. Lithuanians are not inclined to share their historical heritage with other nationalities. Even the past...
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This article shows how the modern Lithuanian historical narrative came into being and evolved with special attention to the perception of the Lithuanian national movement. During the 'long nineteenth century' Lithuanians... more
This article shows how the modern Lithuanian historical narrative came into being and evolved with special attention to the perception of the Lithuanian national movement. During the 'long nineteenth century' Lithuanians constructed their concept of history as an alternative to the Polish construct and to a lesser degree its Russian counterpart. The history of Lithuania was considered to be the history of (ethnic) Lithuanians. The concept of National revival was elaborated at that time. The anti-Polish paradigm became even stronger during the interwar period. Historians at that time focused their attention on the Lithuanian opposition to the so-called Russification. After the Soviet Union occupied Lithuania in 1940 and again in 1945, the official historical view propagated by the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic had to be not only Marxist but also in line with the ideologem of friendship of the peoples . However, there was also a different approach to the history of the ...
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In this article, an attempt is made to answer the question of why and on what scale the imperial government in the mid-nineteenth century attempted to support various national groups against the Poles who dominated the western periphery... more
In this article, an attempt is made to answer the question of why and on what scale the imperial government in the mid-nineteenth century attempted to support various national groups against the Poles who dominated the western periphery of the Russian Empire. The centre of attention is the socalled Northwest Region and the Augustow Province in the Kingdom of Poland, where there were Lithuanians living. Although there had previously been individual attempts to support non-Poles, nevertheless the methods of a more systematic policy to "divide and rule" only began to be considered at the beginning of the 1860s after the strengthening Polish liberation movement was encountered. Most, if not all of the actions associated with this policy (the February 1862 proposals submitted to Alexander II, the attempt to set up a West Russia Association, the preparations for an ethnographic expedition in the province, the propaganda campaign in the press, and so forth) were the result of coordinated action. All these projects and proposals came from the same group of "enlightened bureaucrats" and Slavophiles, and the key figure in this group was Alexander Hil'ferding. Although local officials discussed the possibilities of attracting the Jews to their side (after observing the Aleksandr Wielopolski reforms) and of somewhat supporting the Belarusian ethnoculture, nevertheless due to various reasons government renounced such methods in respect to these two national groups. Meanwhile, in the case of the Lithuanians, the methods of this policy were not only discussed but also partially implemented in the Augustow Province of the Kingdom of Poland. The Article also discusses how one concrete measure of nationality policy (the introduction of the Cyrillic alphabet in Lithuanian writing) originally conceived as a "de-Polonisation" measure became a Russification measure.
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This collection of essays addresses the challenge of modern nationalism to the tsarist Russian Empire. First appearing on the empire’s western periphery, this challenge was most prevalent in twelve provinces extending from Ukrainian lands... more
This collection of essays addresses the challenge of modern nationalism to the tsarist Russian Empire. First appearing on the empire’s western periphery, this challenge was most prevalent in twelve provinces extending from Ukrainian lands in the south to the Baltic provinces in the north, and to the Kingdom of Poland. At issue is whether the late Russian Empire entered World War I as a multiethnic state with many of its age-old mechanisms run by a multiethnic elite, or as a Russian state predominantly managed by ethnic Russians. The tsarist vision of prioritizing loyalty among all subjects over privileging ethnic Russians and discriminating against non-Russians faced a fundamental problem: as soon as the opportunity presented itself, non-Russians would increase their demands and become increasingly separatist. The authors found that although the imperial government did not really identify with popular Russian nationalism, it sometimes ended up implementing policies promoted by Russi...
Research Interests: History, Political Science, Nationalism, Ukrainian, Empire, and 6 moreEurope, Modern, Rivalry, Political Ideologies, Elite, and Eastern
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Hybrid identities in the era of ethno-nationalism: The case of the krajowcy in LithuaniaThis article deals with the identification of the so-called krajowcy – a relatively small group of Polish-speaking activists in Lithuania and Belarus... more
Hybrid identities in the era of ethno-nationalism: The case of the krajowcy in LithuaniaThis article deals with the identification of the so-called krajowcy – a relatively small group of Polish-speaking activists in Lithuania and Belarus in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century who promoted an idea of the re-establishement of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This article claims that the krajowcy democrats (Michał Römer, Tadeusz Wróblewski, Konstancja Skirmuntt and others) were not nationally indifferent. On the contrary, they promoted a clearly formulated national identity ideology, different to the dominant (ethno-linguistic) one. First of all, the krajowcy were nationalists in a civic sense: they were Lithuanians, citizens of Lithuania within its historical boundaries. In addition, some of them, for example Wróblewski, suggested strengthening ethno-linguistic nationalism as well, otherwise his national personal autonomy concept would simply not have worked. Others, such as ...
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Этнополитическая ситуация Северо-Западного края в оценке М. Н. Муравьева (1863-1865)
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This article deals with the identification of the so-called krajowcy – a relatively small group of Polish-speaking activists in Lithuania and Belarus in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century who promoted an idea of the... more
This article deals with the identification of the so-called krajowcy – a relatively small group of Polish-speaking activists in Lithuania and Belarus in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century who promoted an idea of the re-establishement of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This article claims that the krajowcy democrats (Michał Römer, Tadeusz Wróblewski, Konstancja Skirmuntt and others) were not nationally indifferent. On the contrary, they promoted a clearly formulated national identity ideology, different to the dominant (ethno-linguistic) one. First of all, the krajowcy were nationalists in a civic sense: they were Lithuanians, citizens of Lithuania within its historical boundaries. In addition, some of them, for example Wróblewski, suggested strengthening ethno-linguistic nationalism as well, otherwise his national personal autonomy concept would simply not have worked. Others, such as Konstancja Skirmuntt, Juozapas Albinas Herbačiauskas and Michał Römer, expressed a hybrid identification with several national cultures, and sometimes their self-identification was even reminiscent of identity ideologies that had dominated in earlier historical periods.
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This article argues that apart from a couple of cases, there were no situations where the Russian imperial government would have supported Lithuanian national culture as a counterbalance against Poles, and more generally, that the policy... more
This article argues that apart from a couple of cases, there were no situations where the Russian imperial government would have supported Lithuanian national culture as a counterbalance against Poles, and more generally, that the policy of “divide and rule” was in principle not applied on the empire's western periphery regarding other non-dominant ethnic groups. A more general reason for not implementing such a policy was related to many officials’ belief that the government should seek integration, acculturation, or even assimilation of non-Russian ethnicities. At the same time, on the Russian mental map, the Northwest Region was understood not just as part of the empire, but as part of Russian national territory. In such a territory, most of the government subscribed to a discourse of nationalism that permitted no means of support for the strengthening of non-Russian nationalisms. Finally, social radicalism of the Lithuanian, Latvian, or Estonian national movements was another obstacle for tsarist officials to support these “peasant” nationalities.
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The present article seeks to explain whether the programme of the Lithuanian national movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century included an alternative to the model of nation state, as has often been argued in the... more
The present article seeks to
explain whether the programme of the Lithuanian
national movement of the late nineteenth
and early twentieth century included
an alternative to the model of nation state,
as has often been argued in the Lithuanian
literature on the subject. Research reveals
that the Lithuanian national movement, like
a majority of ethnic nationalisms in Central
and Eastern Europe, was oriented towards
the model of the nation-state.
explain whether the programme of the Lithuanian
national movement of the late nineteenth
and early twentieth century included
an alternative to the model of nation state,
as has often been argued in the Lithuanian
literature on the subject. Research reveals
that the Lithuanian national movement, like
a majority of ethnic nationalisms in Central
and Eastern Europe, was oriented towards
the model of the nation-state.
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ANOTACIJA Straipsnyje, pasitelkus distinkciją tarp pilietinės ir tautinės visuomenės / valsty-bės modelio, analizuojamos lietuvių visuomenės veikėjo Kazio Griniaus politinės pažiūros XX a. pradžioje. Tyrime daugiausia remtasi... more
ANOTACIJA Straipsnyje, pasitelkus distinkciją tarp pilietinės ir tautinės visuomenės / valsty-bės modelio, analizuojamos lietuvių visuomenės veikėjo Kazio Griniaus politinės pažiūros XX a. pradžioje. Tyrime daugiausia remtasi vienalaikiais šaltiniais (periodine spauda, Lietuvių (Lietu-vos) demokratų partijos programomis). Straipsnyje teigiama, kad nors po 1905 m. revoliucijos pasikeitė K. Griniaus bei kitų demokratų retorika, tačiau iš esmės liko nepakitusi orientacija į tautinės valstybės modelį. RAKTINIAI ŽODŽIAI: Kazys Grinius, 1905 m. revoliucija, Lietuvių (Lietuvos) demokratų partija, pilietinė tauta (visuomenė), kultūrinė tauta, nacionalizmas (tautinis judėjimas), etnografinė Lietuva. Kazys Grinius ir Lietuvių (Lietuvos) demokratų partija (LDP), kurios vienu akty-viausių narių jis buvo, yra sulaukę nemažai istorikų dėmesio 1. Prieš kelis dešimtmečius buvo parengtas ir bibliografinis svarbesnių šio lietuvių politiko publikacijų sąrašas 2. Visa tai labai palengvina naujus tyrimus. Ir net tais atvejais, kai norima diskutuoti su ankstes-nėmis interpretacijomis, galima remtis anksčiau rašiusiųjų rastais pirminiais šaltiniais, surinktais faktais, pateiktais apibendrinimais.
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The article discusses the Jewish concept of Lithuania (Lite), its borders and subdivision, as well as Jewish understanding of the Lithuanian concept of Lithuania.
Research Interests: Eastern European Studies, Russian Studies, Jewish Studies, Eastern European and Russian Jewish History, East European studies, and 6 moreJewish History, Russian History, Modern Jewish History, Lithuanian History, History of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and History of Grand Duchy of Lithuania In the XVI-XVIII C.
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Final chapter of the book
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Introduction
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UCL logo UCL Discovery. ...
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recenzija knygai apie antisemitizmą Lietuvoje
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Review on the book that deals with anti-Jewish pogroms
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Review on volume devoted to pogroms
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V. Šeimos monogarfijos "Savas svetimas dainius. Adamas Mickiewiczius
lietuvių literatūros kanone (1883–1940)"
lietuvių literatūros kanone (1883–1940)"
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recenzuoja E. Raikos knyga apie Basanavičių
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Review: Malte Rolf, Imperiale Herrschaft im Weichselland: Das Königreich Polen im Russischen Imperium (1864–1915) (Imperial Rule in the Vistula Region: The Kingdom of Poland in the Russian Empire [1864–1917]). 532 pp. Published: Kritika:... more
Review: Malte Rolf, Imperiale Herrschaft im Weichselland: Das Königreich Polen im Russischen Imperium (1864–1915) (Imperial Rule in the Vistula Region: The Kingdom of Poland in the Russian Empire [1864–1917]). 532 pp. Published: Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 17, 4 (Fall 2016): 909–17.
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The international congress "Rethinking Ukraine and Europe: New Challenges for Historians" will be held in Vilnius on September 14-17, 2023. More than 100 historians from different countries will take part in the event. Participation in... more
The international congress "Rethinking Ukraine and Europe: New Challenges for Historians" will be held in Vilnius on September 14-17, 2023. More than 100 historians from different countries will take part in the event.
Participation in the Congress provides an opportunity to learn about grant programmes and meet representatives of Foundations that sponsor international projects in the field of historical research. Engage in thematic panel discussions and find potential partners for possible new joint research.
The main goal of the Congress is to discuss the development of a new narrative on the history of Ukraine and the entire Central-Eastern European region.
We would like to ask about and discuss the following questions issues:
- How should we rethink the history of Ukraine and reinterpret it from a more transnational perspective and in a broader context of European and global history?
- To what extent should we rethink topics and themes of our research in Ukrainian Studies that have been well-established for at least 30 years?
- How can we rethink and reinvent national politics and cultures of memory in the Ukraine-Lithuania-Belarus-Poland region to make them more transnational?
The program schedule of the event is designed for 2 working days. On the first day, representatives of the invited Foundations will present their grant programmes, which finance international projects in the field of historical research. On the same day and the next day as well, all participants will be able to participate in thematic panel discussions and find partnerships for possible potential new joint research. The Congress will be opened by a keynote lecture delivered by a prominent British historian and expert in the early modern European history, Professor Robert I. Frost from the University of Aberdeen.
The working languages of the Congress: Ukrainian, and English for general panels; the languages of thematic panels will be determined in due course.
For more information see https://vilniuscongress.com/en/home
Participation in the Congress provides an opportunity to learn about grant programmes and meet representatives of Foundations that sponsor international projects in the field of historical research. Engage in thematic panel discussions and find potential partners for possible new joint research.
The main goal of the Congress is to discuss the development of a new narrative on the history of Ukraine and the entire Central-Eastern European region.
We would like to ask about and discuss the following questions issues:
- How should we rethink the history of Ukraine and reinterpret it from a more transnational perspective and in a broader context of European and global history?
- To what extent should we rethink topics and themes of our research in Ukrainian Studies that have been well-established for at least 30 years?
- How can we rethink and reinvent national politics and cultures of memory in the Ukraine-Lithuania-Belarus-Poland region to make them more transnational?
The program schedule of the event is designed for 2 working days. On the first day, representatives of the invited Foundations will present their grant programmes, which finance international projects in the field of historical research. On the same day and the next day as well, all participants will be able to participate in thematic panel discussions and find partnerships for possible potential new joint research. The Congress will be opened by a keynote lecture delivered by a prominent British historian and expert in the early modern European history, Professor Robert I. Frost from the University of Aberdeen.
The working languages of the Congress: Ukrainian, and English for general panels; the languages of thematic panels will be determined in due course.
For more information see https://vilniuscongress.com/en/home
Research Interests:
The international congress "Rethinking Ukraine and Europe: New Challenges for Historians" will be held in Vilnius on September 14-17, 2023. More than 100 historians from different countries will take part in the event. Participation in... more
The international congress "Rethinking Ukraine and Europe: New Challenges for Historians" will be held in Vilnius on September 14-17, 2023. More than 100 historians from different countries will take part in the event.
Participation in the Congress provides an opportunity to learn about grant programmes and meet representatives of Foundations that sponsor international projects in the field of historical research. Engage in thematic panel discussions and find potential partners for possible new joint research.
The main goal of the Congress is to discuss the development of a new narrative on the history of Ukraine and the entire Central-Eastern European region.
We would like to ask about and discuss the following questions issues:
- How should we rethink the history of Ukraine and reinterpret it from a more transnational perspective and in a broader context of European and global history?
- To what extent should we rethink topics and themes of our research in Ukrainian Studies that have been well-established for at least 30 years?
- How can we rethink and reinvent national politics and cultures of memory in the Ukraine-Lithuania-Belarus-Poland region to make them more transnational?
The program schedule of the event is designed for 2 working days. On the first day, representatives of the invited Foundations will present their grant programmes, which finance international projects in the field of historical research. On the same day and the next day as well, all participants will be able to participate in thematic panel discussions and find partnerships for possible potential new joint research. The Congress will be opened by a keynote lecture delivered by a prominent British historian and expert in the early modern European history, Professor Robert I. Frost from the University of Aberdeen.
The working languages of the Congress: Ukrainian, and English for general panels; the languages of thematic panels will be determined in due course.
Participation in the Congress provides an opportunity to learn about grant programmes and meet representatives of Foundations that sponsor international projects in the field of historical research. Engage in thematic panel discussions and find potential partners for possible new joint research.
The main goal of the Congress is to discuss the development of a new narrative on the history of Ukraine and the entire Central-Eastern European region.
We would like to ask about and discuss the following questions issues:
- How should we rethink the history of Ukraine and reinterpret it from a more transnational perspective and in a broader context of European and global history?
- To what extent should we rethink topics and themes of our research in Ukrainian Studies that have been well-established for at least 30 years?
- How can we rethink and reinvent national politics and cultures of memory in the Ukraine-Lithuania-Belarus-Poland region to make them more transnational?
The program schedule of the event is designed for 2 working days. On the first day, representatives of the invited Foundations will present their grant programmes, which finance international projects in the field of historical research. On the same day and the next day as well, all participants will be able to participate in thematic panel discussions and find partnerships for possible potential new joint research. The Congress will be opened by a keynote lecture delivered by a prominent British historian and expert in the early modern European history, Professor Robert I. Frost from the University of Aberdeen.
The working languages of the Congress: Ukrainian, and English for general panels; the languages of thematic panels will be determined in due course.
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Call for papers
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CALL FOR PAPERS The year 2020 marks the 300 th anniversary of the birth of Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, the Vilna Gaon, who was a major and lasting influence on the Jews of Lithuania and brought Lithuanian Jewry to the fore of Jewish... more
CALL FOR PAPERS The year 2020 marks the 300 th anniversary of the birth of Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, the Vilna Gaon, who was a major and lasting influence on the Jews of Lithuania and brought Lithuanian Jewry to the fore of Jewish religious and intellectual development of Europe. This year will be commemorated in Lithuania as the Year of Vilna Gaon and Jewish History. The conference will discuss the multiple, changing and contending meanings and effects of the Vilna Gaon on Jewish religious and intellectual life in his time, and how this meaning was constructed, reshaped, and engaged with during the subsequent two centuries. The organizers invite participants to address also the politicization of Gaon's cultural heritage, its appropriations in different political, cultural and economic projects and further in the process of constructing a Litvak identity. In addition, the Gaon may be regarded as an iconic or referential image, discussing his role in formative movements and phenomena in Lithuania in its historical borders from the 18 th to the 20 th century. Because the patrimonial Gaon's legacy, in terms of temporal, cultural and geographical extensions, goes well beyond Lithuania in its historical borders, transcultural and transnational scope will be considered as well.
Call for papers "The politics of difference in 1919 Europe. Minorities and border populations"
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The years after the First World War were a time of state building in East Central Europe. States were restored or new ones founded from scratch. It was also a time when nation building reached a new level. National ideas that had been... more
The years after the First World War were a time of state building in East Central Europe. States were restored or new ones founded from scratch. It was also a time when nation building reached a new level. National ideas that had been pursued by national elites and movements in 19th century became formative for the new states. However, they faced a number of obstacles. One was the ethnic heterogeneity in East Central Europe. Creating national we-groups always meant to likewise draw lines to groups defined as ethnically different. The challenge of national minorities became one of the central issues of the inter-war years. The second one was the fact, that many people were not inclined to perceive themselves as members of a nation but remained " national indifferent " (Tara Zahra). Accordingly, nation states were not merely products of ethnic thinking. They were also agents of promoting an ethnic group consciousness. Therefore, it seems apt to refer to these states as " nationalizing states " (Rogers Brubaker). How, and in which fields, did the new states further the national idea? Which instruments did they have at their pro-posal? And what were the limits of their nationalization efforts? Which influence did the imperial legacy exert? These and other questions are to be discussed at the Conference of Young Scholars.
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International Conference at POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews
Warsaw, October 2-4, 2017
Sponsored by the NADAV Foundation, Israel
Warsaw, October 2-4, 2017
Sponsored by the NADAV Foundation, Israel
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Knygos "Kražių skerdynės: 1896 m. lapkrčio 10 d." išvados
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История становления России как империи и укрепление националистического дискурса в качестве ведущего нагляднее всего отражается в той политике, которую страна проводила в отношении своих «окраин». Среди них ‒ земли Великого княжества... more
История становления России как империи и укрепление националистического дискурса в качестве ведущего нагляднее всего отражается в той политике, которую страна проводила в отношении своих «окраин». Среди них ‒ земли Великого княжества Литовского, названные в официальной номенклатуре в XIX веке Северо-Западным краем. Государственная идеология, создавшая образ этих территорий как исконно русских, загнала себя в «дискурсивный капкан»: этнокультурная реальность края была иной. Книга Дарюса Сталюнаса анализирует национальную политику в отношении каждой из наиболее многочисленных этнических групп этого региона ‒ белорусов, литовцев, евреев и поляков. Его исследование показывает, что в Литве большинство мер, направленных на «обрусение», «исправление», «слияние» или «сближение» нерусского населения, оказалось безрезультатными либо привели к совсем не тем результатам, на которые надеялись власти. Причины этих неудач часто были связаны с неспособностью различать идеологически сконструированный образ региона и его жителей от реальности.
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This book deals with the role of the Vilnius question for the Lithuanian nationalism
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в книге представлен анализ проекта церковной унии, который аннонимно был представлен имперским властям в 1860-х гг.
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This book aims to create an integral picture of the social, economic and cultural history of the Jews in Lithuania during the course of more than six hundred years – from the Middle Ages to the 1990s. It is a translation of the study... more
This book aims to create an integral picture of the social, economic and cultural history of the Jews in Lithuania during the course of more than six hundred years – from the Middle Ages to the 1990s. It is a translation of the study “Lietuvos žydai. Istorinė studija” (Engl. “Lithuanian Jews. Historical study”), published in Lithuanian in 2012. The Book was written by an interna-tional group of scholars from Lithuania, Israel, the United States of America and Germany.
The world of Lithuanian Jewry is reconstructed through different aspects of the development of community and society: demography, social and economic activity, self-government institutions of the community, cultural and religious movements, literature and the press, education, discriminative policy of the authorities and relations with the dominant church, segregation, assimilation and changes of identity, anti-Judaism and anti-Semitism, and the Holocaust.
The world of Lithuanian Jewry is reconstructed through different aspects of the development of community and society: demography, social and economic activity, self-government institutions of the community, cultural and religious movements, literature and the press, education, discriminative policy of the authorities and relations with the dominant church, segregation, assimilation and changes of identity, anti-Judaism and anti-Semitism, and the Holocaust.