- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / French National Centre for Scientific Research, GSRL, Department MemberIndiana University, History, Faculty Member, and 3 moreadd
- Günther Jikeli, historian and sociologist of modern Europe, is Erna B. Rosenfeld Associate Professor at the Institute... moreGünther Jikeli, historian and sociologist of modern Europe, is Erna B. Rosenfeld Associate Professor at the Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism/ Borns Jewish Studies Program / Germanic Studies at Indiana University, since August 2019. He is a research fellow at the Groupe Sociétés, Religions, Laïcités at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (GSRL/CNRS), Paris and at the Moses Mendelssohn Center at Potsdam University. In 2013, he was awarded the Raoul Wallenberg Prize in Human Rights and Holocaust Studies by the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation and Tel Aviv University. His latest book "European Muslim Antisemitism. Why Young Urban Males Say They Don't Like Jews" was published by Indiana University Press (2015). He is the editor of Raketen und Zwangsarbeit in Peenemünde – Die Verantwortung der Erinnerung“ (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung 2014) and co-editor of "Perceptions of the Holocaust in Europe and Muslim Communities” (Springer 2013). He also published “Discrimination of European Muslims: Self-Perceptions, Experiences and Discourses of Victimhood.” In: D. Soen, M. Shechoryedit
Die fast 1,5 Millionen Menschen, die von Anfang 2014 bis Juli 2017 in Deutschland einen Erstantrag auf Asyl stellten, sind individuell und nach Herkunft höchst unterschiedlich. Die mit Abstand meisten Anträge stellten in diesem Zeitraum... more
Die fast 1,5 Millionen Menschen, die von Anfang 2014 bis Juli 2017 in Deutschland einen Erstantrag auf Asyl stellten, sind individuell und nach Herkunft höchst unterschiedlich.
Die mit Abstand meisten Anträge stellten in diesem Zeitraum Personen aus Syrien (34 Prozent), Afghanistan (12 Prozent) und dem Irak (10 Prozent). Von den syrischen Geflüchteten sind 29 Prozent Kurden und 91,5 Prozent muslimischer Herkunft.
SyrerInnen stellen heute in Deutschland nach TürkInnen und PolInnen die drittgrößte Bevölkerungsgruppe mit ausländischem Pass.4 Aufgrund der andauernden Kriege und Konflikte, der Zerstörung ganzer Stadtteile und Dörfer in den Herkunftsländern sowie der besseren Lebensperspektiven in Deutschland ist davon auszugehen, dass ein Großteil, vielleicht die Mehrheit der Geflüchteten, auf absehbare Zeit in Deutschland bleiben wird.
Es ist unstrittig, dass antisemitische Vorstellungen in Syrien, Irak und anderen Ländern des Nahen Ostens sowie Nordafrika (MENA) weit verbreitet sind. Umfragen zeigen, dass die große Mehrheit der Bevölkerung antisemitischen Statements zustimmt. In vielen dieser Länder geben über 90 Prozent an, eine negative Meinung über Juden zu haben.
Es lassen sich sechs Einflussfaktoren erkennen: eine antisemitische Norm im gesellschaftlichen oder sozialen Umfeld im Herkunftsland; Propaganda im Herkunftsland, einschließlich der Schulbildung; alte und neue Medien, in denen insbesondere internationales antisemitisches „Kulturgut“ wie „Die Protokolle der Weisen von Zion“ und ähnliche Verschwörungsphantasien verbreitet werden; ein Palästinensismus, der per Identifikation mit PalästinenserInnen eine automatische Feindschaft gegen Israel und Juden verbindet; eine panarabische Ideologie mit dem Feindbild eines zionistischen Imperialismus sowie Auslegungen des Islam, die Juden zu Feinden des Islam erklären. Die Versatzstücke antisemitischer Ideologien bilden ein Potenzial für antisemitische Handlungen, die bei einer Radikalisierung oder politischen Betätigung mobilisiert werden könnten.
Die mit Abstand meisten Anträge stellten in diesem Zeitraum Personen aus Syrien (34 Prozent), Afghanistan (12 Prozent) und dem Irak (10 Prozent). Von den syrischen Geflüchteten sind 29 Prozent Kurden und 91,5 Prozent muslimischer Herkunft.
SyrerInnen stellen heute in Deutschland nach TürkInnen und PolInnen die drittgrößte Bevölkerungsgruppe mit ausländischem Pass.4 Aufgrund der andauernden Kriege und Konflikte, der Zerstörung ganzer Stadtteile und Dörfer in den Herkunftsländern sowie der besseren Lebensperspektiven in Deutschland ist davon auszugehen, dass ein Großteil, vielleicht die Mehrheit der Geflüchteten, auf absehbare Zeit in Deutschland bleiben wird.
Es ist unstrittig, dass antisemitische Vorstellungen in Syrien, Irak und anderen Ländern des Nahen Ostens sowie Nordafrika (MENA) weit verbreitet sind. Umfragen zeigen, dass die große Mehrheit der Bevölkerung antisemitischen Statements zustimmt. In vielen dieser Länder geben über 90 Prozent an, eine negative Meinung über Juden zu haben.
Es lassen sich sechs Einflussfaktoren erkennen: eine antisemitische Norm im gesellschaftlichen oder sozialen Umfeld im Herkunftsland; Propaganda im Herkunftsland, einschließlich der Schulbildung; alte und neue Medien, in denen insbesondere internationales antisemitisches „Kulturgut“ wie „Die Protokolle der Weisen von Zion“ und ähnliche Verschwörungsphantasien verbreitet werden; ein Palästinensismus, der per Identifikation mit PalästinenserInnen eine automatische Feindschaft gegen Israel und Juden verbindet; eine panarabische Ideologie mit dem Feindbild eines zionistischen Imperialismus sowie Auslegungen des Islam, die Juden zu Feinden des Islam erklären. Die Versatzstücke antisemitischer Ideologien bilden ein Potenzial für antisemitische Handlungen, die bei einer Radikalisierung oder politischen Betätigung mobilisiert werden könnten.
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Beschäftigt man sich in Deutschland mit Antisemitismus, denkt man aufgrund der nationalsozialistischen Verbrechen und der noch immer in der Bevölkerung anzutreffenden christlich-antijüdischen Stereotype nicht zuerst an muslimische... more
Beschäftigt man sich in Deutschland mit Antisemitismus, denkt man aufgrund der nationalsozialistischen Verbrechen und der noch immer in der Bevölkerung anzutreffenden christlich-antijüdischen Stereotype nicht zuerst an muslimische Judenfeindschaft. Tatsächlich ist der Antisemitismus unter Muslimen nur ein Teil des aktuellen Problems, wie auch dieser Band deutlich zeigt. Doch seit dem Wiederanstieg von antisemitischen Vorfällen seit Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts konnte in Deutschland, und mehr noch in Frankreich, Belgien, den Niederlanden und Großbritannien beobachtet werden, dass eine wachsende Zahl der Täter Muslime sind. Djihadisten ermorden Juden sogar explizit im Namen des Islams.
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Damit hatte niemand gerechnet, jedenfalls nicht so schnell: Auf europäischen Straßen werden wieder Juden beleidigt, angegriffen oder sogar getötet. Auch in Deutschland häufen sich seit Jahren die Negativerfahrungen. Hassmails,... more
Damit hatte niemand gerechnet, jedenfalls nicht so schnell: Auf europäischen Straßen werden wieder Juden beleidigt, angegriffen oder sogar getötet. Auch in Deutschland häufen sich seit Jahren die Negativerfahrungen. Hassmails, Beschimpfungen, Vandalismus und die Bedrohung jüdischer Kinder an öffentlichen Schulen verunsichern die jüdische Gemeinschaft, mit fatalen Folgen: Ein Teil der Menschen zieht sich ins Private zurück und möchte nicht mehr als jüdisch wahrgenommen werden. Andere denken sogar an Auswanderung. Das neue Unbehagen sitzt tief, auch wenn manche Politiker sich für solidarisch erklären.
Was hat den Hass und die Abneigung gegenüber Juden in Deutschland so spürbar verstärkt? Zwölf Experten und Akteure gehen in diesem Band Ursachen für den Wiederanstieg des Antisemitismus nach. Sie scheuen sich nicht, kontroverse Themen aufzugreifen und antisemitische Potentiale zu benennen –egal ob in rechtsextremen, linksradikalen oder islamistischen Milieus, oder in von entsprechenden Weltanschauungen beeinflussten Personenkreisen, die weit in die Mitte der Gesellschaft reichen.
Ein Buch mit erschreckenden Befunden, aber auch Beispielen resoluter zivilgesellschaftlicher Gegenwehr.
Was hat den Hass und die Abneigung gegenüber Juden in Deutschland so spürbar verstärkt? Zwölf Experten und Akteure gehen in diesem Band Ursachen für den Wiederanstieg des Antisemitismus nach. Sie scheuen sich nicht, kontroverse Themen aufzugreifen und antisemitische Potentiale zu benennen –egal ob in rechtsextremen, linksradikalen oder islamistischen Milieus, oder in von entsprechenden Weltanschauungen beeinflussten Personenkreisen, die weit in die Mitte der Gesellschaft reichen.
Ein Buch mit erschreckenden Befunden, aber auch Beispielen resoluter zivilgesellschaftlicher Gegenwehr.
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The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation depends on people’s historical perspectives and how they position themselves and their nation or community vis-à-vis the tragedy.... more
The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation depends on people’s historical perspectives and how they position themselves and their nation or community vis-à-vis the tragedy. Understandably, European Muslims perceive the Holocaust as less central to their history than do other Europeans. Yet while the acknowledgement and commemoration of the horrors of the Holocaust are increasingly important in Europe, Holocaust denial and biased views on the Holocaust are widespread in European Muslims’ countries of origin.
In this book, a number of distinguished scholars and educators of various backgrounds discuss views of the Holocaust. Problematic views are often influenced by a persistent attitude of Holocaust denial which is derived, in part, from discourses in the Muslim communities in their countries of origin. The essays collected here explore the backgrounds of these perceptions and highlight positive approaches and developments. Many of the contributions were written by people working in the field and reflecting on their experiences. This collection also reveals that problematic views of the Holocaust are not limited to Muslim communities.
In this book, a number of distinguished scholars and educators of various backgrounds discuss views of the Holocaust. Problematic views are often influenced by a persistent attitude of Holocaust denial which is derived, in part, from discourses in the Muslim communities in their countries of origin. The essays collected here explore the backgrounds of these perceptions and highlight positive approaches and developments. Many of the contributions were written by people working in the field and reflecting on their experiences. This collection also reveals that problematic views of the Holocaust are not limited to Muslim communities.
Research Interests:
Antisemitism from Muslims has become a serious issue in Western Europe, although not often acknowledged as such. Looking for insights into the views and rationales of young Muslims toward Jews, Günther Jikeli and his colleagues... more
Antisemitism from Muslims has become a serious issue in Western Europe, although not often acknowledged as such. Looking for insights into the views and rationales of young Muslims toward Jews, Günther Jikeli and his colleagues interviewed 117 ordinary Muslim men in London (chiefly of South Asian background), Paris (chiefly North African), and Berlin (chiefly Turkish). The researchers sought information about stereotypes of Jews, arguments used to support hostility toward Jews, the role played by the Middle East conflict and Islamist ideology in perceptions of Jews, the possible sources of antisemitic views, and, by contrast, what would motivate Muslims to actively oppose antisemitism. They also learned how the men perceive discrimination and exclusion as well as their own national identification. This study is rich in qualitative data that will mark a significant step along the path toward a better understanding of contemporary antisemitism in Europe.
"A valuable work of sociological research in a highly topical area of great relevance. By embracing a de-essentializing perspective, Jikeli helps the reader to understand the phenomenon in its full scope and makes it a useful tool for policy makers, educators, religious scholars, social workers, and sociologists." —Alejandro Baer, University of Minnesota
Studies in Antisemitism
360 pp., 7 b&w illus.
cloth 978-0-253-01518-1 $35.00 / £24.99
ebook 978-0-253-01525-9 $34.99 / £24.99
Book presentations scheduled:
March 31, New York, ISGAP Center, 6pm
April 1, New Haven, Yale University, 5pm
April 3, Bloomington, IN, Indiana University, noon
April 13, Paris, EPHE, 6pm
(Please contact the author for more information: g.jikeli@gmail.com)
More information at:
http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/807416
Customers outside the US:
Indiana University Press is marketed by Combined Academic Publishers in Continental Europe, the UK, Ireland, Africa, and the Middle East. Visit CAP’s website for more information: http://www.combinedacademic.co.uk
"A valuable work of sociological research in a highly topical area of great relevance. By embracing a de-essentializing perspective, Jikeli helps the reader to understand the phenomenon in its full scope and makes it a useful tool for policy makers, educators, religious scholars, social workers, and sociologists." —Alejandro Baer, University of Minnesota
Studies in Antisemitism
360 pp., 7 b&w illus.
cloth 978-0-253-01518-1 $35.00 / £24.99
ebook 978-0-253-01525-9 $34.99 / £24.99
Book presentations scheduled:
March 31, New York, ISGAP Center, 6pm
April 1, New Haven, Yale University, 5pm
April 3, Bloomington, IN, Indiana University, noon
April 13, Paris, EPHE, 6pm
(Please contact the author for more information: g.jikeli@gmail.com)
More information at:
http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/catalog/807416
Customers outside the US:
Indiana University Press is marketed by Combined Academic Publishers in Continental Europe, the UK, Ireland, Africa, and the Middle East. Visit CAP’s website for more information: http://www.combinedacademic.co.uk
Research Interests: Antisemitism (Prejudice), Muslim Minorities, Muslims in Europe, Antisemitism/Racisms, Arab antisemitism, and 18 moreantisemitism and Islamophobia, Jewish heritage, Polish-Jewish / German-Jewish Relations, klezmer revival, Jewish heritage tourism, Holocaust commemoration, antisemitism, social identity, oral history, Antisemitism, Antisemitism in modern Europe, Muslims, New Antisemitism, JUDAISM-STATUS WANITA MUSLIM DAN YAHUDI: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN DARI ASPEK KEAGAMAAN DAN PENDIDIKAN, Antisemitsm, Antisemitismo, Antisémitisme, History of Antisemitism, Critical Theories of Antisemitism, Antisemitizm, Theorie Und Geschichte Des Antisemitismus, Antisemitism and the Left, Antisemitism and Racism, Contemporary Muslim society, and French antisemitism
Abstract in English and German: Peenemunde is associated with the development of the “V2” – one of Hitler’s “Vergeltungs- und Wunderwaffen,” and with Wernher von Braun, who became a famous NASA rocket scientist later in life. However,... more
Abstract in English and German:
Peenemunde is associated with the development of the “V2” – one of Hitler’s “Vergeltungs- und Wunderwaffen,” and with Wernher von Braun, who became a famous NASA rocket scientist later in life. However, thousands of prisoners of war, “civil workers,” and concentration camp prisoners were forced to work for the V2 program at the Army Research Center and for the V1 at the Luftwaffe Test Site in Peenemunde. Engineers such as von Braun were directly responsible for the employment and living conditions of slave laborers. This fact has been obscured for decades by a series of myths. These myths highlight technical achievements and ignore the crimes that were committed in the process. The Peenemunde Test Sites were a microcosm of the national socialist community in the service of the “Totaler Krieg,” as well as being the place of suffering and death for thousands of slave laborers. The authors of this volume provide a detailed examination of the history of Peenemunde beyond the history of its technological advancements. They explore the perspectives of victims as well as the distorted perceptions of Peenemunde and slave labor in the long post-war period. Different forms of remembrance and ways of dealing with the past of such “perpetrator sites” are also discussed.
Mit dem Ort Peenemünde auf der Insel Usedom sind die Entwicklung der „V2“ und der Name Wernher von Braun verbunden. In Peenemünde wurden jedoch Tausende Kriegsgefangene, „Zivilarbeiter“ und KZ-Häftlinge zur Arbeit an der V2 in der Heeresversuchsanstalt und an der V1 in der Erprobungsstelle der Luftwaffe gezwungen. Dies wurde jahrzehntelang verschleiert durch Mythen, die an einer Überbetonung der technischen Leistungen unter Ausblendung der Verbrechen interessiert waren.
Die Peenemünder Versuchsanstalten waren sowohl ein Mikrokosmos nationalsozialistischer Gemeinschaftsbildung
im Dienste des totalen Krieges, als auch Leidens- und Todesstätte zahlreicher Zwangsarbeiter. Peenemünde ist deshalb auch Gedenkort.
Die Autorinnen und Autoren des Bandes beleuchten detailreich die Geschichte Peenemündes jenseits der Technikgeschichte, Perspektiven der Opfer, verzerrte Wahrnehmungen in der langen
Nachkriegszeit und den Umgang heute mit der Geschichte der Zwangsarbeit an diesem und anderen Täterorten."
Peenemunde is associated with the development of the “V2” – one of Hitler’s “Vergeltungs- und Wunderwaffen,” and with Wernher von Braun, who became a famous NASA rocket scientist later in life. However, thousands of prisoners of war, “civil workers,” and concentration camp prisoners were forced to work for the V2 program at the Army Research Center and for the V1 at the Luftwaffe Test Site in Peenemunde. Engineers such as von Braun were directly responsible for the employment and living conditions of slave laborers. This fact has been obscured for decades by a series of myths. These myths highlight technical achievements and ignore the crimes that were committed in the process. The Peenemunde Test Sites were a microcosm of the national socialist community in the service of the “Totaler Krieg,” as well as being the place of suffering and death for thousands of slave laborers. The authors of this volume provide a detailed examination of the history of Peenemunde beyond the history of its technological advancements. They explore the perspectives of victims as well as the distorted perceptions of Peenemunde and slave labor in the long post-war period. Different forms of remembrance and ways of dealing with the past of such “perpetrator sites” are also discussed.
Mit dem Ort Peenemünde auf der Insel Usedom sind die Entwicklung der „V2“ und der Name Wernher von Braun verbunden. In Peenemünde wurden jedoch Tausende Kriegsgefangene, „Zivilarbeiter“ und KZ-Häftlinge zur Arbeit an der V2 in der Heeresversuchsanstalt und an der V1 in der Erprobungsstelle der Luftwaffe gezwungen. Dies wurde jahrzehntelang verschleiert durch Mythen, die an einer Überbetonung der technischen Leistungen unter Ausblendung der Verbrechen interessiert waren.
Die Peenemünder Versuchsanstalten waren sowohl ein Mikrokosmos nationalsozialistischer Gemeinschaftsbildung
im Dienste des totalen Krieges, als auch Leidens- und Todesstätte zahlreicher Zwangsarbeiter. Peenemünde ist deshalb auch Gedenkort.
Die Autorinnen und Autoren des Bandes beleuchten detailreich die Geschichte Peenemündes jenseits der Technikgeschichte, Perspektiven der Opfer, verzerrte Wahrnehmungen in der langen
Nachkriegszeit und den Umgang heute mit der Geschichte der Zwangsarbeit an diesem und anderen Täterorten."
Research Interests:
The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation depends on people’s historical perspectives and how they position themselves and their nation or community vis-à-vis the tragedy.... more
The way people think about the Holocaust is changing. The particular nature of the transformation depends on people’s historical perspectives and how they position themselves and their nation or community vis-à-vis the tragedy. Understandably, European Muslims perceive the Holocaust as less central to their history than do other Europeans. Yet while the acknowledgment and commemoration of the horrors of the Holocaust are increasingly important in Europe, Holocaust denial and biased views on the Holocaust are widespread in European Muslims’ countries of origin.
In this book, a number of distinguished scholars and educators of various backgrounds discuss views of the Holocaust, explore the backgrounds of biased perceptions but also highlight positive approaches and developments. Many of the contributions were written by people working in the field and reflecting on their experiences.
This collection also reveals that problematic views of the Holocaust in Europe are not limited to Muslim communities.
The authors include: Joëlle Allouche-Benayoun, George Bensoussan, Juliane Wetzel, Michael Whine, Esther Webman, Rıfat N. Bali, Philip Spencer, Sara Valentina di Palma, Evelien Gans, Günther Jikeli, Monique Eckmann, Remco Ensel, Annemarike Stremmelaar, Mehmet Can, Karoline Georg and Ruth Hatlapa.
A free preview is available. For review copies, the table of contents and further information see
http://www.springer.com/social+sciences/religious+studies/book/978-94-007-5306-8""
In this book, a number of distinguished scholars and educators of various backgrounds discuss views of the Holocaust, explore the backgrounds of biased perceptions but also highlight positive approaches and developments. Many of the contributions were written by people working in the field and reflecting on their experiences.
This collection also reveals that problematic views of the Holocaust in Europe are not limited to Muslim communities.
The authors include: Joëlle Allouche-Benayoun, George Bensoussan, Juliane Wetzel, Michael Whine, Esther Webman, Rıfat N. Bali, Philip Spencer, Sara Valentina di Palma, Evelien Gans, Günther Jikeli, Monique Eckmann, Remco Ensel, Annemarike Stremmelaar, Mehmet Can, Karoline Georg and Ruth Hatlapa.
A free preview is available. For review copies, the table of contents and further information see
http://www.springer.com/social+sciences/religious+studies/book/978-94-007-5306-8""
Research Interests: Antisemitism (Prejudice), Holocaust Studies, Antisemitism/Racisms, Holocaust education, antisemitism and Islamophobia, and 7 moreHolocaust and Genocide Studies, The Holocaust, Holocaust Memory, Holocaust Shoah, Holocaust History and Historiography, Holocaust Representation, and History of Antisemitism
Research Interests: Race and Racism, Race and Ethnicity, Antisemitism (Prejudice), Ethnic and Racial Studies, Racism, and 10 moreEveryday Racism, Internalized Racism, Antisemitism/Racisms, Islamophobia, antisemitism and Islamophobia, Antisemitism, Social Racism and Discrimination, Racism and discrimination, Racism, Identity, Islamophobia, and Xenophobia and Racism
Research Interests:
L’humanitéééééé, nous en aurions certainement un peu besoin. Depuis l’attaque du Hamas, je ne sais plus ce que ça doit être » [toutes les traductions sont de l’auteur], écrit Elfriede Jelinek, lauréate du prix Nobel de littérature, après... more
L’humanitéééééé, nous en aurions certainement un peu besoin. Depuis l’attaque du Hamas, je ne sais plus ce que ça doit être » [toutes les traductions sont de l’auteur], écrit Elfriede Jelinek, lauréate du prix Nobel de littérature, après avoir supprimé toutes ses autres œuvres de son site web. Et en effet, le massacre, pour la description duquel les mots sont difficiles à trouver, mais aussi l’absence de condamnation et les nombreuses relativisations de l’événement font douter de l’existence d’une chose telle que « l’humanité ». Les réactions dans certaines universités américaines ont été particulièrement choquantes.
Dès le 7 octobre, jour de l’attaque meurtrière, les étudiants de l’une des plus élitistes des universités américaines d’élite se sont réunis pour exprimer leur solidarité totale avec les Palestiniens.
Dès le 7 octobre, jour de l’attaque meurtrière, les étudiants de l’une des plus élitistes des universités américaines d’élite se sont réunis pour exprimer leur solidarité totale avec les Palestiniens.
Research Interests:
Antisemitism is a global phenomenon on the rise that is negatively affecting Jews and communities more broadly. It has been argued that social media has opened up new opportunities for antisemites to disseminate material and organize. It... more
Antisemitism is a global phenomenon on the rise that is negatively affecting Jews and communities more broadly. It has been argued that social media has opened up new opportunities for antisemites to disseminate material and organize. It is, therefore, necessary to get a picture of the scope and nature of antisemitism on social media. However, identifying antisemitic messages in large datasets is not trivial and more work is needed in this area. In this paper, we present and describe an annotated dataset that can be used to train tweet classifiers. We first explain how we created our dataset and approached identifying antisemitic content by experts. We then describe the annotated data, where 11% of conversations about Jews (January 2019-August 2020) and 13% of conversations about Israel (January-August 2020) were labeled antisemitic. Another important finding concerns lexical differences across queries and labels. We find that antisemitic content often relates to conspiracies of Jewish global dominance, the Middle East conflict, and the Holocaust.
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Labeling datasets to produce gold standard corpora for training machine learning algorithms a re increasingly important in social media research. The annotation process, including annotation tools, is of utmost importance to the quality... more
Labeling datasets to produce gold standard corpora for training machine learning algorithms a re increasingly important in social media research. The annotation process, including annotation tools, is of utmost importance to the quality of gold standard corpora. While measuring inter-annotator reliability has become standard practice, and research has been conducted on the annotators themselves and their possible influence on the annotation process, reflections on the annotation tools often remain neglected in descriptions of gold standard productions. Many social media posts are short and require more context to understand their meaning, which only the live environment can provide. However, most annotation tools work with offline data. We test a specially designed tool for live data annotation, including an experiment with 80 annotators. The tool is user-friendly for annotators, does not require any command line usage or installations, and reduces errors in the annotation process. It is time efficient in the annotation process, and efficient and transparent in collecting the data from the annotation.
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... Antisemitismus und Diskriminierungswahrnehmungen junger Muslime in Europa (2012) 340.Antisemitismus und Diskriminierungswahrnehmungen junger Muslime in Europa. Gunther Jikeli 1. (07/06/2012). 1 : Groupe Sociétés, Religions, Laïcités... more
... Antisemitismus und Diskriminierungswahrnehmungen junger Muslime in Europa (2012) 340.Antisemitismus und Diskriminierungswahrnehmungen junger Muslime in Europa. Gunther Jikeli 1. (07/06/2012). 1 : Groupe Sociétés, Religions, Laïcités (GSRL). ...
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... Ursprünglich eine Institution für internationale Wahlbeobachtung. Einhaltung der OSZE-Verpflichtungen aus Korb III. ... Probleme Russland missfällt die aktuelle Entwicklung des Aufgaben-und Handlungsbereiches der OSZE. ...
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The paper will be published in the October 2024 issue (volume 8, issue 2) of Antisemitism Studies. Günther Jikeli The Universal and The Particular: 10/7 and Its Aftermath Challenges the Very Concept of Humanity "Humanityyyyyy, we... more
The paper will be published in the October 2024 issue (volume 8, issue 2) of Antisemitism Studies. Günther Jikeli The Universal and The Particular: 10/7 and Its Aftermath Challenges the Very Concept of Humanity "Humanityyyyyy, we certainly could use a little bit of it. Since the attack of Hamas, I no longer know what this is supposed to be," wrote Elfriede Jelinek, winner of the 2004 Nobel Prize for Literature after deleting all her other work from her website. And indeed, the massacre itself, which can hardly be put into words, as well as the lack of condemnation in its aftermath, the many relativizations of what happened, and the two-sideism blaming both Hamas and Israel, put into serious question whether there is even such a thing as common humanity.
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Anhand von 33 Umfragen aus 15 europäischen Ländern und den USA wird die Frage untersucht, ob Antisemitismus unter Muslim:innen in westlichen Ländern besonders stark verbreitet ist. Alle Umfragen bestätigen, dass Antisemitismus unter... more
Anhand von 33 Umfragen aus 15 europäischen Ländern und den USA wird die Frage untersucht, ob Antisemitismus unter Muslim:innen in westlichen Ländern besonders stark verbreitet ist. Alle Umfragen bestätigen, dass Antisemitismus unter Muslim:innen deutlich weiter verbreitet ist und oft um ein Vielfaches höher liegt als in der Gesamtbevölkerung. Demografische und sozioökonomische Faktoren können diese Unterschiede nicht erklären, wohl aber Variationen innerhalb der Gruppe der Muslim:innen. Die Zustimmungswerte zu antisemitischen Aussagen schwanken je nach Erhebungsdesign und Fragestellung, liegen aber in den meisten Erhebungen zwischen 30 und 50 Prozent. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass für einen großen Teil der Muslim:innen, wenn auch längst nicht für alle, antisemitische Interpretationen zur Norm im sozialen Umfeld gehören. Dies birgt nicht nur ein erhöhtes Risiko der Umsetzung antisemitischer Einstellungen in Handlungen, sondern auch eine erhöhte Anfälligkeit für islamistisches Gedankengut, das Antisemitismus mit einer politisch aufgeladenen islamischen Identität verbindet.
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Muslim–Jewish relations have a long and complex history. However, notions that all Jews and Muslims are eternal enemies are proven wrong both historically and by today’s survey data. A comprehensive review of the available survey data... more
Muslim–Jewish relations have a long and complex history. However, notions that all Jews and Muslims are eternal enemies are proven wrong both historically and by today’s survey data. A comprehensive review of the available survey data from the last two decades provides a glimpse into the views of Muslims and Jews of each other in countries where both communities are a minority. It is based on 52 surveys from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, the U.K., and the U.S. 39 surveys include samples of Muslim respondents (38,000 in total) and 18 surveys include samples of Jewish respondents (52,000 in total). Five of these surveys include both Muslim and Jewish subsamples. Many Muslims and Jews acknowledge that the other community suffers from discrimination, albeit to varying degrees. Jews often see Islam and Muslim extremists as a threat to Jews, but most Jews, more than society in general, seem to distinguis...
Research Interests: Jewish Studies, Race and Racism, Antisemitism (Prejudice), Discrimination, Ethnic and Racial Studies, and 13 moreMuslim Minorities, Muslims in Europe, Islam, Antisemitism/Racisms, Islamophobia, Islamism, Judaism, Tolerance, Interfaith Dialogue, antisemitism and Islamophobia, Antisemitism, Religions, and Contemporary Muslim society
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Muslim–Jewish relations have a long and complex history. However, notions that all Jews and Muslims are eternal enemies are proven wrong both historically and by today’s survey data. A comprehensive review of the available survey data... more
Muslim–Jewish relations have a long and complex history. However, notions that all Jews and Muslims are eternal enemies are proven wrong both historically and by today’s survey data. A comprehensive review of the available survey data from the last two decades provides a glimpse into the views of Muslims and Jews of each other in countries where both communities are a minority. It is based on surveys from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, the U.K., and the U.S., including more than 91,000 respondents, comprising almost 27,000 Muslims and, in additional surveys, more than 52,000 Jewish respondents. Many Muslims and Jews acknowledge that the other community suffers from discrimination, albeit to varying degrees. Jews often see Islam and Muslim extremists as a threat to Jews, but most Jews, more than society in general, seem to distinguish between Muslim extremists and Muslims in general. Antisemitic attitudes are significantly higher among Muslims than among the general population in all surveys, even though the majority of Muslims in most European countries and in the United States do not exhibit antisemitic attitudes. The differences in anti-Jewish attitudes between Muslims and non-Muslims do not disappear when controlling for sociodemographic factors.
Research Interests: Jewish Studies, Race and Racism, Antisemitism (Prejudice), Discrimination, Ethnic and Racial Studies, and 12 moreMuslim Minorities, Muslims in Europe, Antisemitism/Racisms, Islamophobia, Jewish-Muslim Relations, Islamism, Muslim-Jewish Relations, Tolerance, Interfaith Dialogue, antisemitism and Islamophobia, Antisemitism, and Contemporary Muslim society
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Antisemitism is a global phenomenon on the rise that is negatively affecting Jews and communities more broadly. It has been argued that social media has opened up new opportunities for antisemites to disseminate material and organize. It... more
Antisemitism is a global phenomenon on the rise that is negatively affecting Jews and communities more broadly. It has been argued that social media has opened up new opportunities for antisemites to disseminate material and organize. It is, therefore, necessary to get a picture of the scope and nature of antisemitism on social media. However, identifying antisemitic messages in large datasets is not trivial and more work is needed in this area. In this paper, we present and describe an annotated dataset that can be used to train tweet classifiers. We first explain how we created our dataset and approached identifying antisemitic content by experts. We then describe the annotated data, where 11% of conversations about Jews (January 2019-August 2020) and 13% of conversations about Israel (January-August 2020) were labeled antisemitic. Another important finding concerns lexical differences across queries and labels. We find that antisemitic content often relates to conspiracies of Jewish global dominance, the Middle East conflict, and the Holocaust.
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Abstract:Threats and violence from radicalized Islamists have led to heightened security measures for Jewish organizations in France. French soldiers are protecting Jewish schools, kindergartens, community centers, and other Jewish... more
Abstract:Threats and violence from radicalized Islamists have led to heightened security measures for Jewish organizations in France. French soldiers are protecting Jewish schools, kindergartens, community centers, and other Jewish institutions. In addition to terrorism, there are a number of other factors that have led to increased antisemitism in France. This article discusses data on antisemitic incidents and surveys on antisemitic attitudes in France. While there is a clear rise in antisemitic incidents, the trend in antisemitic attitudes is less clear. Levels of antisemitic attitudes are particularly high among Muslims, the far-right, and also the far-left, but not necessarily among the general French population. However, the rise of antisemitism has hit observant Jews more than non-observant Jews and it has led to changes in behavior, including in the display of religious signs and avoidance of places of worship. Many French Jews today question their future in France.
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In this article, I discuss surveys, academic debates, and research on antisemitism among Muslims in Muslim-majority countries and in Europe today. After a review of antisemitism in both contexts, different explanations for its causes are... more
In this article, I discuss surveys, academic debates, and research on antisemitism among Muslims in Muslim-majority countries and in Europe today. After a review of antisemitism in both contexts, different explanations for its causes are presented. Negative attitudes towards Jews in Muslim countries are the rule, not the exception. An important factor in almost all Muslim countries is the anti-Zionist attitudes and agitations that are mixed with anti-Semitic stereotypes and conspiracy theories. In Europe, antisemitism is more prevalent among Muslims than among non-Muslims and there is a disproportionate involvement of Muslims in anti-Semitic incidents. It turns out that antisemitism among Muslims is manifested in many ways and that it has many causes. One-dimensional explanations are not sufficient. In view of new research, the arguments that antisemitism is primarily a result of Middle East conflict or of discrimination/colonization seem to be outdated. Historically, the interactio...
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Antisemitism is a global phenomenon on the rise that is negatively affecting Jews and communities more broadly. It has been argued that social media has opened up new opportunities for antisemites to disseminate material and organize. It... more
Antisemitism is a global phenomenon on the rise that is negatively affecting Jews and communities more broadly. It has been argued that social media has opened up new opportunities for antisemites to disseminate material and organize. It is, therefore, necessary to get a picture of the scope and nature of antisemitism on social media. However, identifying antisemitic messages in large datasets is not trivial and more work is needed in this area. In this paper, we present and describe an annotated dataset that can be used to train tweet classifiers. We first explain how we created our dataset and approached identifying antisemitic content by experts. We then describe the annotated data, where 11% of conversations about Jews (January 2019-August 2020) and 13% of conversations about Israel (January-August 2020) were labeled antisemitic. Another important finding concerns lexical differences across queries and labels. We find that antisemitic content often relates to conspiracies of Jewish global dominance, the Middle East conflict, and the Holocaust.
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Anti-Semitism in youth language: the pejorative use of the terms for "Jew" in German and French today 1 Kurzfassung: Der Autor untersucht anhand qualitativer Interviews wie die Worte für "Jude" im Deutschen und... more
Anti-Semitism in youth language: the pejorative use of the terms for "Jew" in German and French today 1 Kurzfassung: Der Autor untersucht anhand qualitativer Interviews wie die Worte für "Jude" im Deutschen und Französischen abwertend und als Schimpfwort verwendet werden. Die Formen, Funktionen und Auswirkungen des Phänomens sind trotz der zwei verschiedenen Sprachen und unterschiedlichen Kontexte in Frankreich und Deutschland ähnlich. Es wird gezeigt, wie der abwertende Gebrauch der Worte "Jude" im deutschen und "Juif" und "Feuj" im Französischen offenen Antisemitismus banalisiert. Der abwertende Gebrauch der Worte für "Jude" führt zu negativen und damit anti-semitischen Konnotationen im Begriff "Jude", die nicht trennbar sind von antisemitischen Wahrnehmungen von Juden. Darüber hinaus fördert der abwertende Gebrauch der Worte "Jude", "Juif" und "Feuj" die Etablierung einer antisemit...
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Online antisemitism is hard to quantify. How can it be measured in rapidly growing and diversifying platforms? Are the numbers of antisemitic messages rising proportionally to other content or is it the case that the share of antisemitic... more
Online antisemitism is hard to quantify. How can it be measured in rapidly growing and diversifying platforms? Are the numbers of antisemitic messages rising proportionally to other content or is it the case that the share of antisemitic content is increasing? How does such content travel and what are reactions to it? How widespread is online Jew-hatred beyond infamous websites and fora, and closed social media groups? However, at the root of many methodological questions is the challenge of finding a consistent way to identify diverse manifestations of antisemitism in large datasets. What is more, a clear definition is essential for building an annotated corpus that can be used as a gold standard for machine learning programs to detect antisemitic online content. We argue that antisemitic content has distinct features that are not captured adequately in generic approaches of annotation, such as hate speech, abusive language, or toxic language. We discuss our experiences with annota...
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European Muslims: Between Integration, Exclusion and Discrimination The vast majority of Muslims in Europe are immigrants, or descendants of immigrants, who settled in Europe after World War II. 2 Together with other immigrants, they came... more
European Muslims: Between Integration, Exclusion and Discrimination The vast majority of Muslims in Europe are immigrants, or descendants of immigrants, who settled in Europe after World War II. 2 Together with other immigrants, they came to work in the growing Western European economies during the 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s; they were joined by their families, and later, others arrived as refugees. Out of the European Union's present population of 500 million, 15 to 20 million are Muslim. Two-thirds live in France, Germany, and the UK. France has the highest share of Muslims, but they still comprise only 6-8.5 percent of the population. However, the proportion is higher in some urban agglomerations and among young people. The history of migration to Europe has resulted in a diverse landscape of Muslim communities in each European country. The majority of Muslims in Germany are immigrants or the descendants of immigrants from Turkey; about a quarter are ethnic Kurds. The second largest group comes from the former Yugoslavia. Some 80 percent of Muslims in France have a Maghreb background, mostly Arab but
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Reports of antisemitic harassment and attacks against Jews in France have become frequent in the French and international media. However, such reports are mostly anecdotal and provide only limited information on how widespread these... more
Reports of antisemitic harassment and attacks against Jews in France have become frequent in the French and international media. However, such reports are mostly anecdotal and provide only limited information on how widespread these attacks are or if they are increasing over time. Has antisemitism become a frequent experience for French Jews? Are certain community members especially targeted? How likely is it that a Jewish visitor to France is attacked? How threatened do Jews feel and what is the impact of the perceived threat? This paper reviews official statistics on antisemitic incidents (1), attitude surveys of the general population in France (2), and surveys among Jews (3). All three indicators have their weaknesses but taken together they can help to assess the threat that Jews in France face today of becoming victim of antisemitic harassment or attacks. Keywords: France, antisemitism, physical attacks, Orthodox Jews, Paris
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The most violent American and European antisemites in the 21st century, including not only Jihadists but also white (and black) supremacist terrorist, made some reference to religion in their hatred of Jews. This is surprising. Religious... more
The most violent American and European antisemites in the 21st century, including not only Jihadists but also white (and black) supremacist terrorist, made some reference to religion in their hatred of Jews. This is surprising. Religious antisemitism is often seen as a relic of the past. It is more associated with pre-modern societies where the role of religion was central to the social and political order. However, at the end of the 19th century, animosity against Judaism gave way to nationalistic and racist motives. People such as Wilhelm Marr called themselves antisemites to distinguish themselves from those who despised Jews for religious reasons. Since then, antisemitism has gone through many mutations. However, today, it is not only the actions of extremely violent antisemites who might be an indication that religious antisemitism has come back in new forms. Some churches have been accused of disseminating antisemitic arguments related to ideas of replacement theology in moder...
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Cet article traite des debats et travaux de recherche universitaires sur l’antisemitisme chez les musulmans dans les pays a majorite musulmane et en Europe. Il dresse un etat des lieux de l’antisemitisme dans les deux cas, puis presente... more
Cet article traite des debats et travaux de recherche universitaires sur l’antisemitisme chez les musulmans dans les pays a majorite musulmane et en Europe. Il dresse un etat des lieux de l’antisemitisme dans les deux cas, puis presente les differentes approches destinees a en expliquer les causes. Dans les pays musulmans, les positions negatives a l’encontre des juifs constituent la regle, et non l’exception. Les positions et la propagande antisionistes associees a des stereotypes antisemites et des theories du complot juif en constituent un facteur important. En Europe, l’antisemitisme est plus largement repandu chez les musulmans que chez les non-musulmans, et l’implication des premiers dans les agressions antisemites est proportionnellement bien superieure a celle des seconds. Il apparait que l’antisemitisme parmi les musulmans a des origines et des formes variees, et que les tentatives d’explications unidimensionnelles ne suffisent pas. Les theses expliquant l’antisemitisme avant tout par le confit israelo-palestinien ou par la discrimination et plus precisement le colonialisme apparaissent datees au vu des derniers resultats de la recherche. Sur le plan historique, la conjonction du nationalisme arabe, des mouvements islamistes et de la cooperation avec les nazis au milieu du XXe siecle a contribue au premier chef au fait que le traitement discriminatoire dont les juifs ont ete victimes dans l’islam du Moyen Âge n’a pas disparu suite a la mise en place des Etats nationaux, mais s’est le plus souvent transforme en antisemitisme. Les influences islamistes et les stereotypes relayes par les medias et le contexte social environnant sont aujourd’hui des facteurs essentiels dans la propagation de positions antisemites aupres d’une large partie de la population musulmane.
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Hate speech detection in online environments faces numerous challenges. One of them is that hate speech has fundamental target-specific elements. Although certain characteristics are common to many forms of hate speech, forms directed... more
Hate speech detection in online environments faces numerous challenges. One of them is that hate speech has fundamental target-specific elements. Although certain characteristics are common to many forms of hate speech, forms directed against one group, such as Jews, can be very different from forms directed against Muslims, Roma, members of the LGBTQ+ community, and bullying victims. Due to the heterogeneity of hate forms, we suggest approaching forms piecemeal and building labeled datasets that are specific to target groups. These datasets can then be combined into an aggregate dataset that increasingly reflects the diversity of hate speech found for a given language. Another challenge is the subjectivity of annotators and heterogeneous labeling. We created a labeled dataset of 4,137 antisemitic and nonantisemitic tweets, using a detailed definition and a specially designed annotation portal. The annotation was done by expert annotators who discussed their disagreements of each tw...
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Mit dem Ort Peenemünde auf der Insel Usedom sind die Entwicklung der V2 sowie der Name Wernher von Braun verbunden. Die Faszination für Technik und das Hinwegsehen über die Verbrechen von Ingenieuren im Dienste der Nationalsozialisten... more
Mit dem Ort Peenemünde auf der Insel Usedom sind die Entwicklung der V2 sowie der Name Wernher von Braun verbunden. Die Faszination für Technik und das Hinwegsehen über die Verbrechen von Ingenieuren im Dienste der Nationalsozialisten ließen Mythen von angeblichen Errungenschaften und positiven Seiten der nationalsozialistischen Rüstungsindustrie gedeihen. Inzwischen kann nachgewiesen werden, dass Ingenieure wie Wernher von Braun direkt für das System der Zwangsarbeit mitverantwortlich waren.
Auf Usedom selbst wurden 10-12.000 Kriegsgefangene, „Zivilarbeiter“ und KZ-Häftlinge zur Arbeit an der V1 und V2 gezwungen. Hinzu kamen etwa 40.000 Zwangsarbeiter, die an der V2 an anderen Standorten, vor allem in Mittelbau-Dora, arbeiten mussten.
Folgende Fragen stehen an diesem Abend zur Diskussion:
Weshalb wurde das Thema Zwangsarbeit in Peenemünde lange ausgeblendet? Welche Entwicklungen gibt es in Forschung und öffentlicher Wahrnehmung? Wie ist das Thema eingebettet in die Erinnerungslandschaft im deutsch-polnischen Grenzgebiet?
Raketen und Zwangsarbeit in Peenemünde - Die Verantwortung der Erinnerung
Begrüßung: Dr. Christine Glauning (Berlin), Frederic Werner (Schwerin)
Buchvorstellung: Dr. Günther Jikeli (Bloomington)
G. Jikeli / F. Werner für die die Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Hrsg.): Raketen und Zwangsarbeit in Peenemünde - Die Verantwortung der Erinnerung, Schwerin: 2014
Podiumsteilnehmer: Prof. Dr. Rainer Eisfeld (Osnabrück), Prof. Dr. Bernd Faulenbach (Bochum), Andrzej Kotula (Stettin), Dr. Philipp Aumann (Peenemünde)
Moderation: Volker Hobrack (Berlin)
Auf Usedom selbst wurden 10-12.000 Kriegsgefangene, „Zivilarbeiter“ und KZ-Häftlinge zur Arbeit an der V1 und V2 gezwungen. Hinzu kamen etwa 40.000 Zwangsarbeiter, die an der V2 an anderen Standorten, vor allem in Mittelbau-Dora, arbeiten mussten.
Folgende Fragen stehen an diesem Abend zur Diskussion:
Weshalb wurde das Thema Zwangsarbeit in Peenemünde lange ausgeblendet? Welche Entwicklungen gibt es in Forschung und öffentlicher Wahrnehmung? Wie ist das Thema eingebettet in die Erinnerungslandschaft im deutsch-polnischen Grenzgebiet?
Raketen und Zwangsarbeit in Peenemünde - Die Verantwortung der Erinnerung
Begrüßung: Dr. Christine Glauning (Berlin), Frederic Werner (Schwerin)
Buchvorstellung: Dr. Günther Jikeli (Bloomington)
G. Jikeli / F. Werner für die die Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Hrsg.): Raketen und Zwangsarbeit in Peenemünde - Die Verantwortung der Erinnerung, Schwerin: 2014
Podiumsteilnehmer: Prof. Dr. Rainer Eisfeld (Osnabrück), Prof. Dr. Bernd Faulenbach (Bochum), Andrzej Kotula (Stettin), Dr. Philipp Aumann (Peenemünde)
Moderation: Volker Hobrack (Berlin)
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Turkish PM Erdogan’s paranoia and authoritarianism in domestic politics as well as his leaning towards radical Islam and support of radical Islamist groups are embedded in his antisemitic world views. His obsession with Jews and Israel... more
Turkish PM Erdogan’s paranoia and authoritarianism in domestic politics as well as his leaning towards radical Islam and support of radical Islamist groups are embedded in his antisemitic world views. His obsession with Jews and Israel meets increasingly widespread opinions in Turkish society. The consequences of antisemitism from the highest level of government are felt in Turkish society, Jewish communities, Israel, and international relations in the Middle East in general.
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La haine des juifs n’est pas propre aux musulmans, mais elle est particulièrement répandue chez les Français de cette confession, explique
l’universitaire Gunther Jikeli (Le Monde 25 avril 2018)
l’universitaire Gunther Jikeli (Le Monde 25 avril 2018)