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The manufacturing of vehicle bodies in Nairobi County, Kenya, exposes workers to a number of safety and health risks. For the purpose of creating efficient safety and health programs, it is essential to comprehend the knowledge,... more
The manufacturing of vehicle bodies in Nairobi County, Kenya, exposes workers to a number of safety and health risks. For the purpose of creating efficient safety and health programs, it is essential to comprehend the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of employees about these hazards. Therefore, this paper intended to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of employees regarding health and safety hazards in Nairobi County, Kenya where majority of vehicle body manufacturing companies are situated. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain qualitative and quantitative data from 260 firms using a cross-sectional survey approach. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the knowledge, attitudes and perception of workers on safety hazards and risks in the vehicle body manufacturing companies was highly affected and dependent on the need for occupational health risks and safety hazards being reported to the administration. Within this, majority respondents argued that improved personnel management would be essential in improving knowledge, attitudes and perception of workers on the OSH. The results will provide insight into the level of workers’ awareness of health and safety problems, their attitudes toward safety precautions, and their opinions of how effective current safety programs are. These findings will help to establish targeted safety measures and policies that will lessen the impact of health and safety concerns on workers in Nairobi County, Kenya’s vehicle body manufacturing sector.
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The adoption of agroforestry technologies remains an important strategy to reduce poverty and hunger among resource-constrained rural farmers. However, the potential contribution of agroforestry technologies to the economy and sustainable... more
The adoption of agroforestry technologies remains an important strategy to reduce poverty and hunger among resource-constrained rural farmers. However, the potential contribution of agroforestry technologies to the economy and sustainable development goals in Vihiga County, Kenya, is yet to be fully exploited. This study determined the impacts of agroforestry technologies on livelihoods and the socio-economic factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry technologies. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to sample four major villages in Hamisi and Sabatia sub-counties; Shamakhokho, Kaimosi, Sabatia, and Mago. A total of 110 households were interviewed. Semi-structured questionnaires and observation checklists were used to collect quantitative data, while key informant interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Significant level was expressed at P≤ 0.05. The Chi-square test of association indicat...
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The manufacturing of vehicle bodies in Nairobi County, Kenya, exposes workers to a number of safety and health risks. For the purpose of creating efficient safety and health programs, it is essential to comprehend the knowledge,... more
The manufacturing of vehicle bodies in Nairobi County, Kenya, exposes workers to a number of safety and health risks. For the purpose of creating efficient safety and health programs, it is essential to comprehend the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of employees about these hazards. Therefore, this paper intended to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of employees regarding health and safety hazards in Nairobi County, Kenya where majority of vehicle body manufacturing companies are situated. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain qualitative and quantitative data from 260 firms using a cross-sectional survey approach. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the knowledge, attitudes and perception of workers on safety hazards and risks in the vehicle body manufacturing companies was highly affected and dependent on the need for occupational health risks and safety hazards being reported to the administ...
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Evaluation of the quality of Environmental and Social Impact Statements (ESISs) for proposed development action is vital in ascertaining their fitness in informing critical decisions on a proposed development action. In this paper, we... more
Evaluation of the quality of Environmental and Social Impact Statements (ESISs) for proposed development action is vital in ascertaining their fitness in informing critical decisions on a proposed development action. In this paper, we present findings of an evaluation of the quality of fifteen (15) ESISs for the geothermal energy resource projects in Kenya in the period 1994-2019. The review which was based on the Lee and Colley Review Package (LCRP), involved a systematic evaluation of how well a number of assessment tasks were performed in four (4) review areas, 13 categories and 40 subcategories. Starting from the lowest level and moving systematically up the hierarchy, the review involved evaluating how well a number of assessment tasks were performed. The quality of each review subcategory within a particular category was assessed. The subcategory assessment results and the relevant impression gained from the ESIS were then used to assess the review category. The result of the ...
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Protected areas in Kenya constitute 7% of the total land area with over 75% of wildlife in the country being found on private or communal land. Rural communities in Kenya, where protected areas generally exist, face a range of development... more
Protected areas in Kenya constitute 7% of the total land area with over 75% of wildlife in the country being found on private or communal land. Rural communities in Kenya, where protected areas generally exist, face a range of development issues with limited resources and livelihood opportunities. In this context, community-based biodiversity conservation has the potential to promote ecotourism opportunities which can reconcile and sustain economic development with biodiversity conservation and sharing the costs and benefits of conservation. This study examined biodiversity conservation and ecotourism issues using the case study of the Kimana Community Wildlife Sanctuary which is communally managed protected area. The research explored the socio-economic profile of locals residing in close proximity to the protected area. Economic and livelihood activities (with a focus on those that are ecotourismrelated) were looked at together with other perceived benefits associated with the pro...
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Abstract Integrative performance evaluation of constructed wetland in removal different aspects of bacteria under specific local environmental conditions needs to be explored in detail to ensure selection of appropriate and highly... more
Abstract Integrative performance evaluation of constructed wetland in removal different aspects of bacteria under specific local environmental conditions needs to be explored in detail to ensure selection of appropriate and highly efficient macrophytes candidates. To achieve this, integrative purification performance evaluation approach that holistically considers all the aspects of pathogenic bacterial biology (colony numbers, functional gene, species, virulent, pathogenicity and resistant genes) needs to be adopted rather than the commonly known unidimensional approaches that take into account a single bacterial aspect. This study experimentally evaluated the individual performance of three native and one exotic winter tolerant submerged macrophytes combined with a single emergent macrophyte in eradicating faecal related bacterial species and pathotypes across horizontal surface flow constructed wetland. It involved the new multi-dimensional approach that integrated the faecal bacterial colony numbers, functional gene copies, species survival, virulent and pathogenicity as well as antimicrobial resistant in constructed wetland purification evaluation. The results showed Elodea nuttallii and Myriophyllum spicatum as the best candidate partners to Typha latifolia for the highest Purification Efficiency (P
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The informal non-food manufacturing sector is an engine of growth and development in both developed and developing countries. It’s unregulated and unregistered in official government statistics. However, this particular sector is faced... more
The informal non-food manufacturing sector is an engine of growth and development in both developed and developing countries. It’s unregulated and unregistered in official government statistics. However, this particular sector is faced with occupational safety and health hazards without preventive measures. A number of factors affect compliance with control measures. The study assessed factors influencing non-compliance to occupational safety and health practices in the informal non-food manufacturing sector in Kampala, Uganda. The purpose of the study was to acquire occupational safety and health data on the informal sector and identify needed interventions for mitigation. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted with qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques in 424 firms. Chi-square analysis showed occupational safety and health was good among male respondents compared to females (p<0.05. c2 =23.9), use of Personal Protective Equipment (c2 =40.393, p<0.000),...
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Protected areas in Kenya constitute 7% of the total land area with over 75% of wildlife in the country being found on private or communal land. Rural communities in Kenya, where protected areas generally exist, face a range of development... more
Protected areas in Kenya constitute 7% of the total land area with over 75% of wildlife in the country being found on private or communal land. Rural communities in Kenya, where protected areas generally exist, face a range of development issues with limited resources and livelihood opportunities. In this context, community-based biodiversity conservation has the potential to promote ecotourism opportunities which can reconcile and sustain economic development with biodiversity conservation and sharing the costs and benefits of conservation. This study examined biodiversity conservation and ecotourism issues using the case study of the Kimana Community Wildlife Sanctuary which is communally managed protected area. The research explored the socio-economic profile of locals residing in close proximity to the protected area. Economic and livelihood activities (with a focus on those that are ecotourismrelated) were looked at together with other perceived benefits associated with the pro...
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Abstract Integrative performance evaluation of constructed wetland in removal different aspects of bacteria under specific local environmental conditions needs to be explored in detail to ensure selection of appropriate and highly... more
Abstract Integrative performance evaluation of constructed wetland in removal different aspects of bacteria under specific local environmental conditions needs to be explored in detail to ensure selection of appropriate and highly efficient macrophytes candidates. To achieve this, integrative purification performance evaluation approach that holistically considers all the aspects of pathogenic bacterial biology (colony numbers, functional gene, species, virulent, pathogenicity and resistant genes) needs to be adopted rather than the commonly known unidimensional approaches that take into account a single bacterial aspect. This study experimentally evaluated the individual performance of three native and one exotic winter tolerant submerged macrophytes combined with a single emergent macrophyte in eradicating faecal related bacterial species and pathotypes across horizontal surface flow constructed wetland. It involved the new multi-dimensional approach that integrated the faecal bacterial colony numbers, functional gene copies, species survival, virulent and pathogenicity as well as antimicrobial resistant in constructed wetland purification evaluation. The results showed Elodea nuttallii and Myriophyllum spicatum as the best candidate partners to Typha latifolia for the highest Purification Efficiency (P
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The informal non-food manufacturing sector is an engine of growth and development in both developed and developing countries. It’s unregulated and unregistered in official government statistics. However, this particular sector is faced... more
The informal non-food manufacturing sector is an engine of growth and development in both developed and developing countries. It’s unregulated and unregistered in official government statistics. However, this particular sector is faced with occupational safety and health hazards without preventive measures. A number of factors affect compliance with control measures. The study assessed factors influencing non-compliance to occupational safety and health practices in the informal non-food manufacturing sector in Kampala, Uganda. The purpose of the study was to acquire occupational safety and health data on the informal sector and identify needed interventions for mitigation. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted with qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques in 424 firms. Chi-square analysis showed occupational safety and health was good among male respondents compared to females (p<0.05. c2 =23.9), use of Personal Protective Equipment (c2 =40.393, p<0.000),...
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The informal non-food manufacturing sector is an engine of growth and development in both developed and developing countries. The sector is unregulated and unregistered in official government statistics. However this particular sector is... more
The informal non-food manufacturing sector is an engine of growth and development in both developed and developing countries. The sector is unregulated and unregistered in official government statistics. However this particular sector is faced with occupational safety and health hazards without preventive measures. The study assessed knowledge and attitudes on practices of occupational safety and health in the informal non-food manufacturing sector in Kampala City, Uganda. It adopted across sectional survey design that involved both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. A total of 424 firms were sampled from the 6 clusters of the informal sector. Respondents were moderately knowledgeable on hazards with 39.7% compared to 25.5% who reported high level of exposure. Overall the knowledge on occupational safety and health hazards was inadequate while attitude especially on the use of PPE was poor. There was a high level on knowledge towards hazard control measures by ...
The informal non-food manufacturing sector is an engine of growth and development in both developed and developing countries. This particular sector is unregulated and unregistered in official government statistics. It is a heterogeneous... more
The informal non-food manufacturing sector is an engine of growth and development in both developed and developing countries. This particular sector is unregulated and unregistered in official government statistics. It is a heterogeneous sector found in open places, road reserves and marginal lands. However the sector is faced with occupational safety and health hazards without preventive measures. The study assessed occupational safety and health hazards in the informal non-food manufacturing sector in Kampala City, Uganda. The study adopted a cross sectional survey design that involved both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. A total of 424 firms were sampled from the 6 clusters of the informal sector. Primary and secondary sources using questionnaires, checklists and interview guide were used in data collection. Various types of hazards inherent in the informal non-food manufacturing sector in Kampala that included; physical, chemical, mechanical, biological,...
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Hotel service quality has long been a concern for scholars and practitioners. Previous researches indicate that the service quality of hotels in Kenya is yet to match international standards. It has been argued that one reason why hotels... more
Hotel service quality has long been a concern for scholars and practitioners. Previous researches indicate that the service quality of hotels in Kenya is yet to match international standards. It has been argued that one reason why hotels do not deliver quality service is due to the substantial gap of the living standards of Kenyans and international tourists and the lack of proper investment in the sector due to fluctuations in growth in the past. The purpose of the study was to examine the financial implications of rating of hotels. The study was conducted in tourism establishments in Nairobi and parts of Rift Valley and it focused on rated hotels in Kenya. The research design used sociological survey targeting 50 hotel establishments. The researcher relied on primary and secondary data for information from which an analysis was conducted and conclusions deduced. The primary data was collected through face-to-face interviews among tourists and hotel managers using a structured ques...
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ABSTRACT Fisheries management costs are widely becoming issues used to choose among policy objectives. We provide simple calculations by drawing on the experience from Lake Victoria fisheries. The study applied cost- benefit analysis... more
ABSTRACT Fisheries management costs are widely becoming issues used to choose among policy objectives. We provide simple calculations by drawing on the experience from Lake Victoria fisheries. The study applied cost- benefit analysis based on the transaction costs among four systems of individual transferable quotas, taxation, licensing and community-based management. The objective of the study was to identify a feasible policy combination for the management of Lake Victoria fisheries. It was hypothesized that the combination of community-based management and individual transferable quotas provide a feasible management framework for the fishery. The analysis provides evidence that transaction costs are lower in community=based management. The advantages of individual transferable quotas are also considerable. But, it is concluded that although community management is more cost-effective, their potential for the fishery are not obvious given the prevailing socio-economic conditions along the shores of Lake Victoria. The nature of Lake Victoria fishery is also not appropriate for the introduction of individual transferable quotas. Co-management system is therefore recommended.
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Abstract- Community health strategy (CHS) is an approach of one of the Kenyan Vision 2030 flagship projects that intends to improve the health status of communities, through initiation and implementation of life-cycle focused health... more
Abstract- Community health strategy (CHS) is an approach of one of the Kenyan Vision 2030 flagship projects that intends to improve the health status of communities, through initiation and implementation of life-cycle focused health actions at level one in Kenya. The overall goal of CHS is to enhance community access to health care in order to improve productivity and thus reduce poverty, hunger, child mortality, maternal death, as well as improve education. The community is empowered to have knowledge and skills in health promotion, disease prevention, care seeking and compliance with treatment, governance and management of health services and claiming their rights. International initiatives have been taken to address both existing and emerging issues. There has been no breakthrough in improving the health situation of households entrapped in the vicious cycle of poverty and illness. The millennium
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With the rise of Environmentalism in the 1960s, there was a growing realization by individuals, organizations and governments that the environment was being adversely affected by human activities. Nakuru for the last few years has seen a... more
With the rise of Environmentalism in the 1960s, there was a growing realization by individuals, organizations and governments that the environment was being adversely affected by human activities. Nakuru for the last few years has seen a rapid population growth. This in turn, has seen an increase in the generation of non biodegradable solid waste. One type of such waste is disposable diapers. The purpose of this study was to investigate used diaper disposal practices among the care givers in Low and middle household income setting in Nakuru, Kenya. This type of setting was selected due to the fact that it houses the majority of the population. Specifically the study sought to identify the magnitude of diaper usage among this category of care givers as well as methods used in the disposal of the soiled diapers. The study also sought to determine the willingness of caregivers to make use of used diaper collection centre. This was a cross sectional research which used mixed research me...
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Increased human population pressure and climate change constitute the global underlying root causes of accelerated and devastating land degradation processes in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs). River Loboi watershed, located at the... more
Increased human population pressure and climate change constitute the global underlying root causes of accelerated and devastating land degradation processes in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs). River Loboi watershed, located at the lower part of the Lake Baringo Catchment, is not an exception. The area is characterized by severe vegetation degradation that has resulted in extreme soil deterioration. This study aimed to determine the extent of land degradation in the watershed with specific objectives of determining the vegetation cover and composition, observing signs of accelerated soil erosion as well as assessing the socio-economic status of the inhabitants in the watershed. Tools for data collection included structured questionnaire, observation schedules and oral histories. The measured variables were analysed using a one-way ANOVA (α =0.05) and correlation analysis. The results indicated that the whole watershed is degraded with 87.5% of the watershed being highly degrade...
Comprehensive and transparent public participation during Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) processes for renewable energy projects is vital in identifying, addressing and mitigating potential environmental risks associated with such... more
Comprehensive and transparent public participation during Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) processes for renewable energy projects is vital in identifying, addressing and mitigating potential environmental risks associated with such renewable energy projects. Public participation during EIA is a vital platform where all stakeholders of a given renewable energy project contribute to addressing the environmental concerns of renewable energy projects, thereby contributing positively to informed environmental decisions that mitigate negative environmental impacts. This paper presents a comparative analysis of public participation practice during an EIA process in Kenya’s renewable energy sub-sector vis-à-vis the international best practice operating principles. Further, the paper presents insights on the substantive contribution of public participation in environmental risk management based on questionnaire survey responses from EIA Practitioners and other stakeholders in Kenya’s r...
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya 2 Department of Environmental Studies and Resources Development, Chuka University P.O. Box, 109 60400, Chuka 3... more
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya 2 Department of Environmental Studies and Resources Development, Chuka University P.O. Box, 109 60400, Chuka 3 Department of Environmental Science, Egerton University, P. O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya 4 Department of Geography, Egerton University, P. O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
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Conflicts between people and wildlife currently rank amongst the main threats to conservation in Africa. In Kenya, for instance, with much of the wildlife living outside protected areas, one of the real challenges to conservation is how... more
Conflicts between people and wildlife currently rank amongst the main threats to conservation in Africa. In Kenya, for instance, with much of the wildlife living outside protected areas, one of the real challenges to conservation is how to enhance and sustain co-existence between people and wild animals. It is undoubtedly evident that the expansion of the human society has forced people to infringe on wildlife habitats and convert land to other uses incompatible with wildlife. Human-wildlife conflicts negatively impact on the humans and wildlife alike. An understanding of how the people and conservation agents deal with the problem of wild animals is critical in evolving and establishing sustainable conservation systems. This article presents and analyses data from case studies of human-wildlife interactions in Tsavo Conservation Area (TCA) in Kenya. A survey was conducted among households sampled within and adjacent to the TCA. The study investigated the causes and mechanisms and s...
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Among the emerging environmental issues within Sub-Saharan Africa is the haphazard disposal of plastic waste, some of which end up downstream in the marine environment leading to negative effects. Notably there have been cases of humpback... more
Among the emerging environmental issues within Sub-Saharan Africa is the haphazard disposal of plastic waste, some of which end up downstream in the marine environment leading to negative effects. Notably there have been cases of humpback whales getting entangled in ‘ghost’ fishing nets, and endangered turtles ingesting plastic wastes in Watamu beach in Kenya. The aim of the current study was to assess the composition and management of plastic waste discarded by households in Watamu ward. Stratified random sampling was used to collect data from households in four sub-locations within Watamu ward. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (the Freeman-Halton extension of the Fisher’s Exact test). The composition of plastics usually discarded as waste by households in order of dominance were low density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene and polypropylene (FH=37.959, p = 0.000). From the results, only 0.7% of respondents recycled ...
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Njoro sewage works is the main sewage work for Nakuru urban town that receives about 90% of industrial wastewater and 10 % domestic wastewater. In-sufficient pre-treatment of industrial wastewater, may affect the normal functioning of... more
Njoro sewage works is the main sewage work for Nakuru urban town that receives about 90% of industrial wastewater and 10 % domestic wastewater. In-sufficient pre-treatment of industrial wastewater, may affect the normal functioning of sewage works and the aquatic life (flora and fauna) of the receiving water body. The underground water aquifer may also be contaminated by both chemical elements and microbial through percolation. This study aimed at assessing the efficiency of the sewage works by analysing the physical and chemical parameters of wastewater from the inlet and outlet of Njoro sewage works. The study involved test analysis of the physical and chemical parameters in the laboratory and in-situ test. This study employed composite sampling method in the collection of samples. Data collection was done using experimental method while data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. This study found that BOD concentration was 400 mg/l for the influent and 150mg/l for efflue...
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Migration of fishermen is common in the Kenyan waters of Lake Victoria. It affects the way people use and manage this natural resource. But little attempt has been made to relate migratory behavior of fishermen and the impacts of... more
Migration of fishermen is common in the Kenyan waters of Lake Victoria. It affects the way people use and manage this natural resource. But little attempt has been made to relate migratory behavior of fishermen and the impacts of migration on fisheries conservation and management. This paper observes that fisheries related migration has some triggers. The paper therefore analyses the causes as well as demographic characteristics of fishermen using neoclassical economic theory and Logit model. Results show that fishermen have fishing as a primary source of income and are likely to be less literate. It is also shown that migration among fishermen is male dominated and has a clear gender-labour division. Further investigation revealed that migration reduces the positive attitude towards management of the common property. It is always assumed that population is the main driving force behind migration. However, this paper further reveals that age, income and educational level, experience...
Background:Awareness to renewable energy technologies (RET) can have multiple positive effects as it can be a precursor to greater RET adoption levels as well as promotion of the same. The aim of this study was to assess the level of... more
Background:Awareness to renewable energy technologies (RET) can have multiple positive effects as it can be a precursor to greater RET adoption levels as well as promotion of the same. The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness of rural residents of Njoro constituency to the different renewable energy technologiesas a precursor to their adoption. Materials and Methods: The study was based on primary data collected through personal interviews with household heads in Njoro constituency, Nakuru County, Kenya. Two stage cluster random sampling was used to select the 200 households. The results showed that majority of the respondents exhibited a moderate level of knowledge and awareness to RETs. Results:Results of the study indicated that gender and education level had a significant effect on knowledge and awareness. It was also found that age and social-economic status did not have significant effect on the knowledge and awareness. Conclusion:The overall finding of the s...
Changes in land use for development purposes in the upper catchment of the Mara River Basin have threatened the water quantity of its major tributaries. This study investigated the effect of human settlement and development on the... more
Changes in land use for development purposes in the upper catchment of the Mara River Basin have threatened the water quantity of its major tributaries. This study investigated the effect of human settlement and development on the microbial water quality at various points along the channel of Nyangores River using Membrane Filtration Technique (MFT) to determine the densities of total coliforms, Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci and Clostridium perfringens. Pollution with easily biodegradable organic matter was detected by Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) procedures and BOD5 determination. Temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids and pH of the water sources were also measured at the time of sampling using appropriate measuring Meters. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 software with a confident level of 95%. The results indicated spatial variation in the densities of faecal ...
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There is a growing concern that the global climate is warming to dangerous levels with serious implications on biodiversity components and development. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment identified climate change as a major driver of... more
There is a growing concern that the global climate is warming to dangerous levels with serious implications on biodiversity components and development. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment identified climate change as a major driver of biodiversity loss and indicated that it will adversely affect key development sectors; including the provision of clean water, energy services and food. An analysis of the relationship between climate change and biodiversity conservation suggest that the causes and impacts of biodiversity loss are gender-based. Consequently, the international community is paying more attention to women and their role in managing and preserving biodiversity. Understanding the gender relations in biodiversity practices forms part of the solution to climate change. This article reviews some of the links between women and the environment, with an explicit focus on the gender dimensions of biodiversity conservation and climate management. The paper looks at the link between...
Microfinance institutions provide small loans to rural women to improve their living standards. The main purpose of microfinance credit programme is to break the vicious cycle of poverty among the rural women by providing them with... more
Microfinance institutions provide small loans to rural women to improve their living standards. The main purpose of microfinance credit programme is to break the vicious cycle of poverty among the rural women by providing them with capital. Poverty is a global problem; more than 1.3 billion people worldwide live below the poverty line, 70% of them being women. In Keiyo North district, 48% of the population lives below the poverty line with women constituting 65% of those living below the poverty line. However, less rural women in Keiyo North district participate in the microfinance credit programme despite the fact that Kenya Women Finance Trust (KWFT) operates in all the 13 sub-locations in the district. This study sought to investigate the contribution of microfinance credit on poverty reduction among the rural women in Keiyo North district. The study used a descriptive survey design to collect data. The target population was 220 of the rural women participating in groups in micro...
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In the Arid and Semi Arid Lands (ASALs) part of West Pokot County of Kenya, the growing season for agricultural activities occurs during the peak rainfall season of March, April and May (MAM). Farmers in these areas rely on smallholder... more
In the Arid and Semi Arid Lands (ASALs) part of West Pokot County of Kenya, the growing season for agricultural activities occurs during the peak rainfall season of March, April and May (MAM). Farmers in these areas rely on smallholder agriculture as their livelihood source which in turn depends on the amount and distribution of rainfall. This paper examines the changing pattern of rainfall and the associated impacts on smallholder agriculture in Senetwo Location, Kenya. Annual rainfall trend between 1983 to date showed that in the MAM season rainfall increased in Senetwo location a condition suitable for the good subsistence agricultural performance. Conversely, the smallholder farmers of Senetwo location occasionally suffer heavy economic and resources loss due to unprecedented adverse variability in rainfall patterns. The annual numbers of rain days declined but rainfall intensity increased. Coupled with declining number of rain days, the study established a shift in the onset of...