ijifr journal

Observational checklist is a strategy to monitor specific skills, behaviors and dispositions of individual students or group of students in the class and it is a developing field with emerging methodologies. Observation helps to assess students' academic performance and classroom related behaviors and acts as a catalyst for monitoring the learning progress of students in particular language-learning set up. It includes noticing, marking and recording student behavior in order to distinguish something from its surroundings. This type of academic enabler helps to measure students' ability to manage their own learning and it provides rich information pertaining the patterns of the classroom practice.

Braced frame structures provide high stiffness and moderate ductility. By employing the braced frame system, the damage is more uniformly distributed over the height. However structures taller than 8-storey are prone to lateral drift amplification due to the higher mode effects. In this study, in order to control the lateral drift, it is proposed to add a set of outrigger trusses at various storey level and to locate the optimum location. Accordingly, in this study G+40 storey steel building is varied with double diagonal bracing and chevron bracing along with varying positioning of outrigger location, in a high risk seismic zone IV and soil type II. Response spectrum analyses conducted in ETABS software are considered in this study to analyze the behavior of the steel frame building with double diagonal bracings and chevron bracings with combination of outriggers at different storey levels in the G+40 storey building. I. INTRODUCTION People from rural areas are migrating to cities due to the Industrial Revolution, the availability of jobs and facilities. Therefore metro cities are very densely populated. Availability of land has decreased and the price of the land has increased. To solve this problem the use of multistorey building is needed. However, such provisions only increase the weight and live load of the structure along with earthquake forces. With an increase in the amount of stress, strain, deformation and displacement in the structure there is ultimately increases in the cost of construction due to the increased sectional elements. Obviously, bare frames are to be more flexible and have great section requirement to withstand the forces induced. The same can be minimized by making the structure more rigid, but it appears to be not feasible and also uneconomical. The lateral stability in the overall framework can be improved by using bracing systems. The bracing members of such braced frame act as truss system to resist lateral forces and are subjected primarily to axial stress in the elastic range. The efficiency of the braced frame structure can be further more increased by introducing braced frames with outrigger system. To increase the strength and stiffness of steel frames and composite frames the use of Steel bracing is comparatively effective. It reduces the forces caused by earthquake and also makes the structure very good in absorbing energy. The structures will safely resist forces and deformations due to severe ground motions which are good in energy dissipation. There are two types of Steel Bracing System such as, a) Concentric bracing system. b) Eccentric bracing system Mentioned below are the bracing schemes for concentrically braced frames, 1. Double diagonal Bracing / X bracing 2. Chevron bracing /Inverted V bracing 3. V-bracing 4. K-bracing 5. Single diagonal bracing The idea of use of outrigger is nowadays often utilized in tall structures. In this idea, "outrigger " frames (sometimes, girders) are extended from the core to columns that resist lateral load at the exterior section of the building. The center or core of the building may comprise of either shear walls or trusses. It leads to an extremely efficient use of the structural materials by improving the axial strength and stiffness of exterior columns to resist part of the overturning moment produced by lateral forces. The bracing system comprising of core with outriggers is most effective for tall structures in development of strengths against wind and earthquake loads. In this way, the flexible nature of tall structures can be reduced and also the structure will have controlled displacement and inter-storey drift. The incorporation of the outrigger to the concrete core can be

Nephroophthisis is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease that contributes the most frequent genetic cause of End stage kidney disease (ESKD). It is a rare disorder that affects 9/13 million and accounts for 10-25% of these patients. There are three clinical forms of Nephroophthisis which have been distinguished depending upon the onset of ESKD-1) Infantile, 2) Juvenile and 3) Adolescent which manifests ESKD at the age of 1, 13 and 19 years respectively. We report an autopsy case in 11 years old boy that had history of chronic kidney disease. The gross examination of bilateral kidneys showed uniform granular and finely scarred surface with adherent capsule at places. Multiple small medullary cysts up to size 8mm were seen on cut-surface. The histological findings of examined slides from the representative's areas showed extensive sclerosis of glomeruli, peri-glomerular fibrosis, interstitial chronic infiltrate of lymphocytes and few plasma cells. There are also areas showing tubular dilatation and cystic changes involving distal tubules and collecting ducts. Thus findings of gross and histological features confirmed the diagnosis of Nephroophthisis Hence it should always be kept in mind while dealing with ESKD at an early age.

Teachers are responsible to guide students to learn by providing clear directions and explanations in order to educate the future generation. In the present study the investigator has attempted to study the self-esteem of secondary teacher education students. The sample consisted of 900 secondary teacher education students, who were studying B.Ed. degree in Colleges of Education at Tirunelveli, Kanyakumari and Thoothukudi district and the investigator adopted the normative survey method. The findings of the study were, i) No significant difference was found between male and female students in their self-esteem and its dimensions and ii) significant difference was found between married and unmarried secondary teacher education students in their self-esteem and its dimensions.

Transportation infrastructure is the key element for the growth of any country and is essential for good physical connectivity in very small villages, remote areas and hilly areas can be accessed only by roads. " Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna " (PMGSY) – it was estimated that about 330,000 out of its 825,000 villages and habitations were without any all-weather road access. This Centrally Sponsored Scheme was introduced in 2000 by the Prime Minister of India Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee. It is under the authority of the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India and began on 25 December 2000. It is fully funded by the Central Government. For executing the transportation facilities, the quality of a pavement depends on the strength of its soil sub-grade. Soil is very basic and important element in civil engineering field. Usually each structure depends on the type and characteristics of foundation which depends on type of soil. Basically black cotton soil is Jha :: An Experimental Study on Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Rice Husk Ash and Randomly Distributed Sisal Fibres rather a difficult one to use in foundation because of its shrinkage and swelling properties.There are many methods to make black cotton soil stable for various constructions. Black cotton soil is comfortable for road work, compared to other types of soil. There are two ways to enhance the quality of subgrade soil-" Replacement of soil " or " Soil stabilization ". Soil stabilization can be done chemically or mechanically. Chemical stabilization is carried out by adding different chemicals in suitable proportion, while Mechanical stabilization is achieved by addition of admixtures which helps to improve the properties of soil. Today, the amount of waste has increased year by year and then it becomes serious problem in disposing large quantity of agricultural waste like Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, rice husk ash and Sisal fiber etc.

Today we face lots of issues in day-today life. But there is manual process for resolving different kinds of issues. Firstly we have to register a complaint at the local government office via manual form filling. Then that filled form is processed by the government and it takes lots of efforts, time and there is no instant assistance. Here we use GPS and GPRS for implementing various location based services. This application will be useful for tracking the issue of different department like road issue, electrical issue, water issue and other public issue.Location tracking systems including the GPS, Active Badge, Bat, Smart Floor and Cricket systems attracted a significant group of researchers during the recent decades. Android environments provide several benefits to all the Common peoples of the society as android phones are the new trend of Society. Because of its open-source nature a large number of utilities has been developed and android operating system is getting used in many phones. Because of its small-size, it can be stolen very easily and the confidential-information of any organization or personal details stored in the phone memory can be easily exposed.

Fish is a delicious food in the world. Fresh water fishes were preferred by pupil of Thanjavur. They prefer live fishes for their food. Hence culturing them is a prestigious job in these areas. A study was made to get an insight about the quality of aquatic system and the food for the growth and utilization of common four different fishes, namely Labeo rohita (Rohu), Cirrhinus mrigala (Mrigal), Cyprinus carpio (mirror carp) and Channa striatus (Striped murrel). Under the vermicompost media fishes were provided with earthworms as food and were analyzed for growth. The results were discussed.

Image matching refers to the automatic identification and measurement of corresponding image points that are located on the overlapping area of multiple images. Matching algorithms play an important role in deciding correspondences between two image scenes. The proficiency of an image matching algorithm depends on the region of experimental set up and assumptions considered by the researchers. Several image matching techniques have been studied to address this problem. This study highlights latest methodologies and feature extraction methods used by researchers for image matching.

This paper describes a design and validation of neural network based Kannada character recognition system. The proposed character recognition system is robust against size, font, thickness and tilting of the characters. The proposed system recognizes printed characters in Kannada, a south Indian language. The input to the system is scanned image of base character and the output is labeling of the character. The system extracts the geometrical features and recognizes the characters using neural network back propagation algorithm. The results demonstrated are independent of the font, size and tilting of the characters and system is seen to deliver reasonable performance.

Leaked sensitive data records has amplified dramatically during the last few years, from 412 million in 2012 to 822 million in 2013 [1]. Security firms, research institutions and government organizations are the main areas facing the data leakage problem. Data leak simply means that a secret data get exposed or data leakage is the unauthorized transmission of data. Unintentional or accidental data leakage is also unauthorized. Human mistakes are one of the main causes of data leak. A person mistakenly sending a confidential message to all contacts in his e-mail is a data leak caused by human mistake. Data leakage is defined as the accidental or unintentional distribution of private or sensitive data to an illegal entity. Sensitive data in companies and organizations include intellectual property (IP), financial information, patient information, private credit-card data, and other information depending on the business and the industry. This paper proposes a data-leak detection solution environment. Can design, implement, and evaluate fingerprint technique that enhances data privacy throughout data-leak detection operations. It enables the data owner to securely delegate the content-scrutiny job to DLD providers without revealing the sensitive data.

An electrochemical machining process is a major electro-machining process with special capabilities. Electrochemical Machining (ECM) give a better alternative in generating accurate three dimensional complex shaped components and components which are difficult–to-machine materials by conventional methods of machining. This review paper deals with the fundamental research on Electrochemical Machining (ECM) processes parameters optimization for higher metal removal rate (MRR) and better surface roughness (Ra). From the past observation electrochemical machining is a very effective method based on machining cost compared with conventional machining of hard materials. There are many researchers experimentally investigated to find the optimum level of machining parameters which affect the surface roughness and material removal rate are briefly reviewed in this paper.

This study focused on various affecting factors on the studentsàchievement at the secondary level in the rural, remote schools especially in the subject's mathematics and science. The sample selected for the study comprised a total of 100 students who were studying 9th standard in two rural, remote schools in Virudhunagar district.This study aims at the factors which are the routecauses for the studentsàcademic achievement focussing on their heredity, family socioeconomic ststus, cooperation from their counterparts, parent's educational status and gender differences. The results of the study revealed that socioeconomic status (SES) and parents' education have a significant effect on students' over all academic achievement as well as achievement in the subjects of Mathematics and Science. The high and average socioeconomic level affects the performance more than the lower level. It is very interesting that parents' education means more than their occupation in relation to their children's academic achievements at school. It was found that female students perform better than the male students.

Education is the life long process of acquiring new knowledge and skills through both formal and informal exposure to information, ideas and experience. The purpose of education is to bring out hidden potentialities in human beings. It is a product of experience and universally acknowledged that any attempt to improve the quality of education ultimately depends on the quality of instruction imparted in the class room instruction. It is based on traditional methods which have become outmoded in the present modern world. No considerable change has been made in these instructional methods with the passage of time. Our population growth and manpower requirements have necessitated revolutionary changes in our educational system and teaching methods. If we improve the quality of education, to cope up with the challenges in education, we should pay proper attention for changing the strategy of instruction and efforts should be made to introduce new methods and evolve new techniques. Hence efforts towards providing appropriate teaching approaches suggested that yield many interesting insights and possibilities within the circumstances. Science occupies a major part of school curriculum. It is required for all pupils. In the event of teaching science effectively in our schools, our nation will be upgraded. The whole edifice of future India resets on the proper teaching of science.

Scientific attitude is a cognitive concept and is a composite of a number of mental habits or tendencies to react consistently in certain way to a novel or problematic situation. These habits or tendencies include accuracy, intellectual honesty, open mindedness, suspended judgment, criticalness, and habit of looking for the cause and effect relationships. These habits are important for everyone in everyday life. Scientific attitude is necessary to an individual to lead a smooth and comfortable life in the society. An individual with good scientific attitude can understand the phenomena of nature and human behavior. To develop scientific attitude among students, they should be made to practice and observe science so that they get the opportunity to feel and develop the components of scientific attitude in their minds. In this context " A Study of Scientific Attitude of Secondary School Students in West Tripura District " was conducted to measure scientific attitude. For this purpose Descriptive survey method of research was used. A sample of 110 secondary school students were selected randomly from seven schools located in West Tripura district. The methodology includes 't' test.

Developing problem solving skills leads to improvement in academic achievement. It gives learners necessary confidence to face their day-today problems. Training in problem solving skills requires a carefully planned classroom procedure. Since skills, training goes hand in hand with mastery of subject content, the teacher needs to carefully plan out how to teach and what to teach. The learners ought to know the exact strategy used, its significance and how to employ, monitor and evaluate the strategy. It is equally important for them to know how and when these strategies can be transferred to new situations. In these lines, the investigator conducted a study on problem solving ability through Information Processing Approach. For this purpose, he selected the N.M. Govt Hr Sec School, Thirupathur, Sivaganga district. The investigator attempted to develop an Information Processing Approach Model to improve the problem solving ability of the students. The statistical analysis of data revealed the effectiveness of this model on enhancing the problem solving ability in doing physics problems. The major findings are the Information Processing Approach Model significantly enhances the problem solving ability of the students.

Tamil Palm script character segmentation is one of the difficult phases in machine recognition. Tamil is the most popular script in India. Tamil palm script consist of vowels, consonants and various modifiers. Individual letter decides the accuracy of character recognition technique hence proper segmentation is needed. This paper presents an image segmentation of Tamil handwriting from palm leaf manuscripts. The process is includes of three steps: background elimination to separate text by Otsu's algorithm, line segmentation and character segmentation. A simple histogram based approach to segment Tamil palm script character is proposed in this paper. Various challenges in segmentation of Tamil script are also discussed.

Tuberculosis (TB), an inescapable illness of the respiratory framework, is one of the principle challenges in general wellbeing. The spread of multidrug resistance TB [Multidrug-safe (MDR)-TB], and the presence of broadly medication safe TB (XDR-TB) posture new difficulties for its avoidance, treatment, and control. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a troublesome pathogen to battle and the primary line tranquilizes as of now being used are 40–60 years of age. The requirement for new TB medications is earnest, however an ideal opportunity to distinguish, create and at last progress new medication regimens onto the market has been excruciatingly moderate. Then again, the medications as of now in clinical advancement, and the late picks up in learning of the pathogen and the illness itself give us seek after finding new medication targets and new medication leads. The capacity of the pathogen to form into a torpid state is the primary snag in beating the illness. It appears that the advancement of intensifies that can target dormant TB is the way to kill this pathogen. In such manner, numerous analysts began to hunt down novel exacerbates that could restrain the action of particles required in the revival of idle bacilli. The disclosures of a greatly powerful hostile to torpidity calculate, a revival advancing element (Rpf) from Micrococcus luteus, moved the thought towards creating strong inhibitors of Rpfs to build up idle TB and stay away from reactivation of the resting pathogen. In any case, other than the benefits of this approach over the use of irritating long haul administrations of harmful anti-toxins, such methodologies that depend on quieting inactive TB have numerous downsides that may scrutinize their application in human research. The real disadvantage of the current methodologies is that they shroud the idle TB as opposed to treating/annihilating it. Here, we propose a novel practical approach that could adequately kill both dynamic and dormant TB in a brief timeframe without having any danger of reactivation.

One of the most popular standards for protecting confidential information is the Data Encryption Standard (DES). Although it has been replaced by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), it is still widely used in Automatic Teller Machines (ATM's), smartcards, and mobile phone SIM cards.In this paper, we present area-efficient and high-throughput FPGA implementations of the DES which are developed using the Xilinx FPGA ISE design suite. In fact, we propose modifications onthe fastest DES design reported in the literature and achieve 1.1 times higher speed. Also, we introduce an 8-stage pipelined design that needs only 0.75 times the registers and consumes 0.65 times the power of a similar 16-stages pipelined design. High-speed design and synthesis optimization techniques including pipelining, register retiming, and logic replication are used. Postlayout synthesis results show that the proposed implementations achieve high throughput-to-area ratio. To make a fair comparison, the proposed designs were synthesized using matching FPGA devices as being used by other implementations reported in the literature.

The study describes the design and finite element analysis of alternating material for brake rotor. The design and finite element analysis is performed by using computer aided design (CAD) software. The objective is to design and analyse the thermal and structural stress distribution of brake rotor at the real time condition during braking process. Transient thermos-elastic analysis of the Rotor Disc of Disk Brake is aimed at evaluating the performance of disc brake rotor of a bike under severe braking conditions and there by assist in disc rotor, design and analysis. In the present work, an attempt has been made to investigate the suitable hybrid composite material which is lighter than stainless steel 321 and has thermal strain, Yield strength and density properties. The optimization is carried out to reduce the stress concentration and weight of the brake rotor, which keeps the unsprang mass low thereby increasing the stability of the vehicle. With using computer, aided design (CAD), Catia v5 software the structural model of brake rotor is developed. Furthermore, the finite element analysis performed with using the software ANSYS 16. Aluminium base metal matrix composite, High Strength Glass Fiber and carbon fiber composites have a promising friction and wear behaviour as a Disk brake rotor. The transient thermos-elastic analysis of Disc brakes in repeated brake applications has been performed and the results were Rahul Raosaheb Pind, Prof. Swami M. C., Kusekar S.K.:: Design Analysis and Experimental Investigation of Brake Disc for Composite Materials compared. The prototype of composite brake disc was tested practically on the Honda Unicorn Bike. The suitable material for the braking operation is carbon fiber and all the values obtained from the analysis are less than their allowable values. Hence the brake Disc design is safe based on the strength and rigidity criteria. By identifying the true design features, the extended service life and long term stability is assured. I. INTRODUCTION The need of efficient use of energy & materials is being felt strongly because of diminishing resources in the present times. There has been an important role of materials in the development of civilizations. In the transportation sector when earlier large bulky automobiles are compared with today's lightweight, technologically superior vehicles. The continuously increasing demand for personal mobility has led automobile manufacturers to strive continuously for cheaper, more efficient and safer vehicles. These requirements are competing with respect to each other. However, the tough competition in today's automotive market forces vehicle manufacturers to strive for improvement in each of these fields. To improve vehicle safety without the burden of increasing vehicle weight, more and more active safety features are introduced. However, the most critical part with respect to safety is, and has always been: the brake system. Due to its critical role, very high demands are imposed on the brake system with respect to reliability, durability and consistency in its behaviour. These severe demands have forced the brake system development in a rather conservative direction. Introducing drastically new technology is never completely free of risk and in brake system development; there is no room for mistakes. Therefore, the brakes on modern vehicles are an extreme optimization of a very old design. 1.1 Introduction to Composite Materials Composite materials signify that two or more constituents are combined on microscopic scales to synthesize a useful material. A variety of materials can be combined on a microscopic scale. The advantage of the composite materials is that their individual constituents retain their characteristic unlike alloys. As a result, various combinations of useful properties, usually not attainable by alloys, can be obtained through composite materials by suitable tailoring the matrix and reinforcement [dispersoid]. The dispersoids/second phase particles may be either harder or softer than the matrix alloy and affect the properties of the composites accordingly. For e.g. softer dispersoids like graphite, talc, mica shell etc. impart solid lubricating properties wherein the total wear resistance of the material improves. In this case, other properties such as strength, hardness etc. of the composites is less than that of the matrix alloy. However, they have been found to be within acceptable limits as confirmed through some experiments. The reinforcement of hard ceramic particles like silicon carbide, alumina, silica, zircon etc. in aluminium alloys has been found to improve the wear resistance as well as high temperature strength properties. Types of Composite Materials The nature of the reinforcing phases and the matrix are the important factors on the basis of which composites are classified as:

Resilience is the ability to get back to a previous state of normal self after undergoing a period of negativity and maladaptive behaviour is what creates a barrier in for the getting back to normal self of the individual. If one succumb to maladaptive behaviours it is likely that resilience tend to take more time. The study aimed at finding out the resilience and maladaptive behaviours among adolescents at higher secondary school level. The present study was carried out on a sample of 300 adolescents from Kollam District, Kerala, India. Normative survey method is used for the study. Questionnaire on resilience and maladaptive behaviours are the tools used to collect data. Computation of percentages, critical ratio and coefficient of correlation were performed as a part of statistical data analysis of the present study. The study revealed that there is a significant negative relationship between the variables selected.

Risk is one of the essential element of modern business and economic variable and maintains a positive correlation with profitability and performance. In the proposed work, it has been planned to search the answer for some important questions like attitude of commercial entities to use derivative advantageously as one of the effective alternative for risk management and the scope of these derivatives instruments in this regard. The study shows that there is a significant increase in the propensity to use financial derivative in regard to top performing companies of India.

Technostress is an ailment of modern culture, which manifests itself in two ways: the anxiety that is experienced with new and unfamiliar technology or stress as a result of the over identification with technology. In the blind race of globalization, the internet users are increasing very rapidly and with the same speed the internet users are reporting increased level of techno-stress more particularly teenagers are most vulnerable to these negative effects. The daily uses of smartphones, tablets, and personal computers have created a compulsion to constantly connect to the Internet and social media. This compulsion can have an effect on one's stress level and overall health. Studying the impact of technostress among the students is an interesting exercise. The students agreed that computers were an important part of daily life and they agreed to learn about them to feel competent to use them. This article particularly highlights the cause and problems of technostress faced by students and some suggestions to overcome from this.

Economic growth plays an important role in restructuring economic and social attributes of Countries around the world, particularly the less developed Countries. It is an imperative element of a country's national economy and contributes substantially to the economic well-being of the people and the enlargement of resources. The growth rate and per capita income of an economy depends on the domestic production, consumption activities and in combination with foreign transaction of goods and services. Relevant data were collected from the reports of Ministry of Commerce data. The article purely based on the secondary data for the period of ten years from 2006-2007 to 2015-2016. The collected data were analyzed by using statistical tools namely Mean, Standard Deviation (SD), Coefficient of Variation (CV), Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).

Concept of mass production plays vital role in industrial revolution, such systems when employed for production of complex products consisting number of sub parts usually by assembling together called as assembly lines. In a factory rather than having one assembly line, many auxiliary assembly lines are employed, which feds sub-assemblies to the "main" assembly line. Engine production in automotive industry is one of the complex production systems which require manufacturing and assembly of wide variety of components and varied product mix. Mix model type parallel assembly line for engine production was found as strong candidate for improvement in performance, particularly in the terms of quality, ergonomics, safety, and overall operating procedures at TATA Motors Pune. Defect identified in line was found not only related with one part or one process but in numbers of parts or processes considering variety product mix, therefore implementation of six sigma and other Quality methodologies to each and everyone was quite difficult. Thus concept of Quality Gates has been selected. In this, process must be broken into several distinct phases then checkpoints placed between them. Implementation of Quality gate concept contains problem definition, Sufficiency Criteria, quality gate structuring, benchmark refinement, quality gate milestone, implementation, release & operation. This methodology benefited in terms of minimizing project risk through phase-by-phase checklists, reduction of cycle time and complexity in planning and control, and improved participation of key stakeholders in Q-gate certifications to manage their expectations. In this paper structuring and implementation of quality methodology called quality gates to accommodate customer requirements in mixed assembly line of automobile industry is discussed.

Social cognition has its roots in social psychology which attempts "to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others" (Allport, 1985). It also studies about an individual within social or cultural context and focuses on how people perceive and interpret information they generate themselves (intrapersonal) and from others (interpersonal). In nutshell, social cognition influences the functioning of a teacher and his social interactions and his professional competencies help him to discharge his professional duties and responsibilities effectively and efficiently and also reshape his personality, habits and attitudes. The investigator being a teacher educator has prepared his mind to study about social cognition and professional competencies of B.

The present study was conducted to provide information about creativity with regard to gender and residence as well as interaction between gender and resident of 9th grade students of Purulia district, West Bengal in India. Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) standardized by Dibakar Kundu in Bengali version was adopted for measuring creativity. 244 samples were selected by stratified random sampling technique. ANOVA, t test were performed using SPSS 17 software. This study revealed that boys are more creative than girls and there is no significant difference exists between rural and urban students. Further, there is no significant interaction between gender and residence with regard to creativity.

This paper represents the power quality improvement with a comprehensive review on the unified power quality Conditioner (UPQC). In this is paper a broad overview on the different possible intelligent controls is given which is used with UPQC. In this paper a new control method to compensate the power quality problems is present with a three-phase unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) under balanced and unbalanced load conditions. The performance of proposed control system was studied with Matlab Simulink program. The proposed UPQC system can improve the power quality at the point of common coupling (PCC) on power distribution system under balanced and unbalanced load conditions.

This paper represents the power quality improvement with a comprehensive review on the unified power quality Conditioner (UPQC). In this is paper a broad overview on the different possible intelligent controls is given which is used with UPQC. In this paper a new control method to compensate the power quality problems is present with a three-phase unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) under balanced and unbalanced load conditions. The performance of proposed control system was studied with Matlab Simulink program. The proposed UPQC system can improve the power quality at the point of common coupling (PCC) on power distribution system under balanced and unbalanced load conditions.

Zooplankton abundance and distribution are of ecological importance, as they are very sensitive to change, therefore zooplankton make ideal indicators of aquatic ecosystem. The present study was undertaken to observe the seasonal fluctuations in diversity of zooplanktons of Nagore brackish water, southeast coast of Tamilnadu. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis of were conducted from October 2015 to September 2016, by taking samples from Nagore Cauvery river basin and Nagore Pattanachcheri village. Zooplankton community of Nagore brackish water comprised of 28 species belonging to Cladocera (11sp.), Copepoda (9sp.) and Rotifera (8sp.). Cladocerans showed dominance both in number and diversity, followed by Copepods and Rotifers. Hence, this study also reveals that different groups of zooplanktons have their own peak periods of density, which is affected by local environmental conditions prevailing at that time. R. Bhuvaneswari, P. Serfoji :: Seasonal Variations In The Zooplankton Diversity Of Two Different Stations In Nagore Brackish Water, Southeast Coast Of Tamilnadu

The main aim of this research paper is the isolation, identification and characterization of Phosphate solubilising bacteria (PBS) randomly collected from soil of economically important plant crops maize (Zea mays L) and tomato.. Solubilization Index (SI)* were calculated from 2.05 to 2.21 for the PSB bacterial.The minimum SI were recorded for Psb 5 (Enterobacter) while maximum for Psb2 (Pseudomonas sp). The soluble phosphate concentrations were recorded from 0.604to 0.860 for the PSB. The minimum soluble phosphate concentrations were recorded for Psb3. (Azotobacter) while maximum for Psb2 (Pseudomonas sp). These isolates psb1, psb2, psb3 , psb4 , psb5 and psb6 belongs to genus Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Enterobacter and Staphylococcus spp as identified by their morphological and biochemical properties respectively and they showed either positive results or negative results..

In India the demonetisation announced at prime time on November 8 is among the rare, bold economic policy decisions in the history of independent India. It is clear that that a good bit of planning and preparation involving the ministry of finance and the Reserve Bank of India were completed beforehand. That this was done in absolute secrecy is no small feat. To be fair, the authorities have identified nullification of black money hoarded in cash, tackling of counterfeiting Indian currency notes, and curbing of terror financing with fake currency notes as the three objectives of this round of demonetisation. But quite a few commentators and analysts have opined that this will engender a marked fall in the use of cash transactions in India and thus pave the way for the transition to a 'cashless' economy.

Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are power constrained since nodes are operated with limited battery supply. If a node runs out of battery, its ability to forward the traffic gets affected and hence, the network lifetime. There has been considerable progress in the battery technology, but not in par with the semiconductor technology. There are various techniques adopt different approach to achieve energy efficiency. The proposed approach uses a cost metric for path selection, which is a function of residual battery and current traffic load at a node. The detailed simulation has been carried out in QualNet simulator. The performance is based on average energy consumption for varying CBR applications.

Learning to read and write depends on abilities that are language related but that go beyond the ordinary abilities required for speaking and listening. Research has shown that the success of learners, whether they are children or adults, is related to the degree to which they are aware of the underlying phonological structure of words. Poor readers are often unable to segment words into their phonological constituents and may have other phonological deficiencies as well. Dyslexia is defined as an unexpected difficulty in learning to read. Students with dyslexia are impacted by a gap between their intellectual level and their reading level. The condition also effects other school-related skills. Consequently, dyslexics struggle copying with many of the activities that make up a school day (spelling, writing, and reading). Tragically, those daily academic struggles can inform some bleak and discouraging internal conversations. Dyslexics look around the room and see that certain basic skills come more easily to their peers and they commonly make the unsurprising, yet erroneous, determination that school is not for them. To reinforce this cycle further, their humiliating struggles can lead to an all-out retreat from class participation and assignments, furthering the idea that they have low capacity for achievement. Therefore it is absolutely essential that teachers need to be provided with orientation about the Dyslexia disorder so that they can understand and help students with dyslexia, and also spread the knowledge to others on the matter for further support.

A Spirulina maximum was cultivated in different liquid medium like; Standard Zarrouk's media (SZM), Modified Zarrouk's media (MZM) and Gangawater media (GM). Dry weight and pH were monitored for 28 days on daily basis. pH was recorded from 9.0 to 10.5 in SZM, 9.2 to 10.3 in MZM and 7.46 to 7.54 in GM. Slowly raise in dry weight (dw) was noticed along with the time of culture, 1.86 dw/L & 1.80 dw/L was achieved in SZM and MZM respectively. A Spirulina maximum inoculated in GM was survived but growth was not flourished, achieving maximum dry weight of 0.27dw/L on 18-20 day of cultivation. Natural Gangawater fortified with different amount of NaHCO3 and NaNO3 did not shown significant impact on Spirulina maxima growth.

The density of ZrO2 ceramic Composites prepared by the conventional solid sintering technique is as close to any commercially available ZrO2. The resistivity decreases with temperature showing a semiconductor type behavior. The Vicker's hardness as well as modulus of the sample with 1400°C high temperatures treated (HTT) is quite high. On comparing with ceramic monolith the flexural strength and modulus shows a remarkable improvement in its value. The ceramic monolith is a mixture of two crystal phases of ZrO2. From the Debye Scherer formula the grain size was also calculated and it was found to be between 200 to 300 nm. The average grain size measured from the width of the x-ray peaks is considered to be more authentic compared to SEM photographs since the information highlighted by x-ray diffractogram comes from a deeper level of the lattice as compared to the information from the surface of the sample in an SEM micrograph. The rest of the micrographs help in finding the grain size as well as the extent of infiltration of pitch into the system.

This paper provides an approach in the context climate change, using game theory to analyze the strategies selected by countries to reduce the effect of greenhouse gases and carbon emissions. Through the application of cooperative game theory concept, a basis for reducing the greenhouse gases has been established. The starting hypothesis here is that the strategy that countries should adopt to reduce the greenhouse gases and thereby controlling the climate change. Moreover, we further hypothesize that, which is better for controlling the climate change cooperation or non-cooperation. A example is provided to demonstrate the insight that indicates the application of game theory. The limitations of the game model and analysis are discussed.

Listening plays a vital role for communication, In other words it is the corner stone for any other skill to learn. Listening is the foundation for reading. Learning to read is a complex process which involves hearing, recognizing and decoding sounds. Reading includes a sequence of action or thought, anticipating outcomes, visualizing, synthesizing and recognizing main events and distinguishing main ideas from subordinate details. Disorder means disruption in the performance of an individual. A communication disorder may be evident in the processes of hearing, language, and/or speech. This paper attempts to present certain problems of student teachers which hinder listening and reading comprehension difficulties. Further this paper contributes some recommended techniques for student teachers to overcome their communication difficulties with respect to listening and reading disorder. The aim of this paper is that suppose the teacher trainees identifies their difficulties and take appropriate training that may be helpful for future generation. This kind of disorder in teacher trainees can be overcome for an extent by following the suggested techniques for listening and reading difficulties given in the paper.

In the modern business world, Customers are the key players and they have to be satisfied to retain the business. In the recent years, the taste and preferences of the customers become different due to the existence of more competitors. The present study was attempted to examine the DTH end-user's perception on satisfaction and quality of services alongwith Customer's satisfaction towards DTH service in Coimbatore City. There are more major DTH service providers in Indian television industry. The competitors are Dish TV, Airtel Digital TV, Dish TV of Zee Groups, Sun Direct DTH of Sun Networks, Reliance Digital TV, Videocon d2h of Videocon Company and Tata Sky of the TATA Industries. Adopting an appropriate and reasonable price and quality of service of the DTH service ensures that the effective utilization of the DTH service in Coimbatore city. Hence, the study concludes that the various DTH services has been developing and humanizing by providing more customer satisfaction, quality service to the customer in Coimbatore city.

Aromatic plants form a numerically large group of economically important plants which provide basic raw material for perfumes, flavors and cosmetics. These plants and their products not only serve as valuable source of income for small land holder farmers and entrepreneurs but also earn valuable foreign exchange by way of export. Availability of wide variation in soil and climate in our country offers great potential for cultivation of these plants in the country in general and Maharashtra in particular. Akola is a district in Vidarbha region in the state of Maharashtra in central India. During the last decades there has been a renewed interest in recognizing plants as a source of perfumes and cosmetics which may be due to little or no side effect, associated with their application and user friendly and environment friendly products. It is therefore necessary to collect, conserve and evaluate germplasm of aromatic plants. A survey of aromatic plants from Akola region thus conducted which enable to evaluate extend and nature of aromatic plants.

Online shopping provides a good example of the business revolution. E-commerce has made life simple and innovative of individuals and groups; consumer Behavior in online shopping is different from the physical market where he/she has access to see the product. The main objective of this research is to study, especially what are factors affecting the consumers directly for online shopping. Online buyer behavior is influenced by many factors when making online purchase. The main research question in thesis is how consumers behave while shopping online. Primary data was collected through the questionnaire survey through face to face and personal contact. To this end, a survey was conducted and the 150 questionnaires were distributed among the students and the general public. The replies have been analyzed by means of frequency distribution, average and chart analysis.

India has a large number of unemployed people. This is true of the rural as well as urban fields. In urban fields, there are a large number of educated unemployed, and in the rural areas, this is true of all the categories of people. Per-capita income in rural areas, this is true of all the categories of people. Per capita income in rural areas and particularly those engaged in agriculture does not exceed a sum of Rs. 450 per annum. According to the report, Rural Agricultural Commission, Indian Agriculturalists are unemployed for about 6 months in a year. In rural areas, apart from the unemployed of the people, since months there are landless people who are unemployed. This number is about 10 to 50 crores. All these things go to prove that there is a good deal of unemployment in the rural areas. Since India is basically a country of villages, therefore unemployment is a serious evil of Rural Society. Because 80 percent India's total population live in villages and unemployment problem in India is basically rural by nature. Rural unemployment is on top of the unsolved problems of developing nations; so far there have been no significant developments towards its solution. The importance of the present work is to show the causes and effects of unemployment experienced in rural areas, and to give suggestions for its solution.

This research paper investigates the student teachers' interest in teaching, college climate and academic achievement at the secondary level. The sample comprises of 300 student teachers studying in colleges of Education in Chennai. To measure the interest in teaching, Teaching Interest Inventory constructed by Mangieri, John N. and Kemper, Richard E. and Teacher Training College Climate Inventory constructed and standardized by S. P. Anand were administered to the student teachers. The reliability of Teacher Training College Climate Inventory and Teaching Interest Inventory was found to be at 0.83 and 0.81 respectively which is highly significant. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and 't' test were computed to analyze the data. Results indicates that student – teachers' interest in teaching, college climate correlate positively (r = 0.758, r = 0.724 respectively) and significantly at 0.01 level with the dependent variable, academic achievement of student teachers. Also, it is found that male and female student teachers differ significantly in their interest in teaching, college climate and academic achievement. Therefore, student teachers' interest in teaching and college climate are the significant correlates of academic achievement at the secondary level.

Over the last two decades in India, the issue of curriculum renewal and extended duration of secondary stage teacher education has received serious attention. A perusal of the reports of various commissions and committees indicate the preference for longer duration of B.Ed. programme. It was also endorsed by the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in its judgement on 15 June 1993. The Teachers Training Institutes are meant to teach children of impressionable age and we cannot let loose on the innocent and unwary children the teachers who have not received proper and adequate training. True, they will be required to pass the examination but that may not be enough. Training for a certain minimum period in a proper organised training institute is essential before a teacher may be duly launched. It was against this backdrop that the NCTE undertook a major exercise of developing a new National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education which is both contextual and in tune with the emerging concerns and imperatives of the fast changing canvas of education both nationally and globally. Hence the NCTE prepared the curriculum framework for teacher education in 1998 and for the first time made the recommendation for beginning a two year B.Ed. programme to prepare quality teachers. Widely known as NCTE Curriculum Framework-1998, it took stock of the context and concerns of teacher education ranging from constitutional goals to commitment and performance in teacher education. Accordingly, the two year B.Ed. course aims at a complete development of the student-teacher; particularly in knowledge and skills, in individual care of the learner and also in methods and evaluation designed to facilitate learning. The course is divided into two parts. It aims at developing understanding of and competence to render disciplinary knowledge into forms relevant to stage specific understanding of teaching-learning situation apprehended through intensive study of conceptual explanations, observation and analysis of live classroom situations as well as hand-on experiences and longer duration of field experience. The syllabus retains the essence of student-teachers being active participants in the learning process and prepares the student-teachers for facing the emerging challenges resulting out of globalisation and its consequences.

In today's era, there is a great deal added to real-time remote sensing Big Data than it seems at first, and extracting the useful information in an efficient manner leads a system toward a major computational challenges, such as to analyze, aggregate, and store, where data are remotely collected. Keeping in view the above mentioned factors, there is a need for designing a system architecture that welcomes both real-time, as well as offline data processing.Big data is data whose characteristics force us to look beyond the traditional methods that are prevalent at the time. Online news, micro-blogs, search queries are just a few examples of these continuous streams of user activities. Evolving data streams methods are becoming a low-cost, green methodology for real time online prediction and analysis. Heterogeneity, scale, timeliness, complexity, and privacy problems with Big Data impede progress at all phases of the pipeline that can create value from data. The problems start right away during data acquisition, when the data tsunami requires us to make decisions, currently in an ad hoc manner, about what data to keep and what to discard, and how to store what we keep reliably with the right metadata. I. INTRODUCTION Today Over the past five years, the authors and many others at Google have implemented hundreds of special-purpose computations that process large amounts of raw data, such as crawled documents, web request logs, etc., to compute various kinds of derived data, such as inverted indices, various representations of the graph structure of web documents, summaries of the number of pages crawled per host, the set of most frequent queries in a given day, etc. Most such computations are conceptually straightforward. However, the input data is usually large and the computations have to be distributed across hundreds or thousands of machines in order to finish in a reasonable amount of time. The issues of how to parallelize the computation, distribute the data, and handle failures conspire to obscure the original simple computation with large amounts of complex code to deal with these issues.As a reaction to this complexity, we designed a new abstraction that allows us to express the simple computations we were trying to perform but hides the messy details of parallelization, fault-tolerance, data distribution and load balancing in a library. We realized that most of our computations involved applying a map operation to each logical record our input in order to compute a set of intermediate key/value pairs, and then applying a reduce operation to all the values that shared the same key, in order to combine the derived data appropriately.Our use of a functional model with user specified map and reduce operations allows us to parallelize large computations easily and to use re-execution as the primary mechanism for fault tolerance.