U A Khan

In this paper, a systematic discussion of both pros and cons of two well-known traditional approaches for image contrast enhancement is conducted. The first approach is based on the CNN paradigm and the second one is based on the coupled nonlinear oscillators' paradigm for image processing. In the later case an extensive bifurcation analysis is carried out and analytical formulas

The dentate gyrus (DG) is a region in the hippocampal formation whose function declines in association with human aging and is therefore considered to be a possible source of age-related memory decline. Causal evidence is needed, however, to show that DG-associated memory decline in otherwise healthy elders can be improved by interventions that enhance DG function. We addressed this issue by first using a high-resolution variant of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the precise site of age-related DG dysfunction and to develop a cognitive task whose function localized to this anatomical site. Then, in a controlled randomized trial, we applied these tools to study healthy 50-69-year-old subjects who consumed either a high or low cocoa flavanol-containing diet for 3 months. A high-flavanol intervention was found to enhance DG function, as measured by fMRI and by cognitive testing. Our findings establish that DG dysfunction is a driver of age-related cognitive decline ...

Limited liability is regarded as the sine qua non of the modern company, enabling firms to raise capital from a broad spectrum of investors who have well-diversified portfolios. This paper uses the ownership records of an Irish bank which converted to limited liability in 1883. We explore the impact of introducing limited liability upon the bank's ownership and control. We find that ownership becomes more dispersed amongst individuals from a broader social spectrum. However, there is little impact on geographical dispersion or on portfolio diversification. Furthermore, although limited liability appears to contribute to the rise of the professional director, the evidence suggests that managerial incentives are weakened.