Poliomyelitis, commonly known as “polio” is a paralytic and perilous disease caused by the poliovirus. Due to its highly contagious nature, the virus was a challenge to the world in the late 1980s. . Since 1988 the collective work of the... more
Poliomyelitis, commonly known as “polio” is a paralytic and perilous disease caused by the poliovirus. Due to its highly contagious nature, the virus was a challenge to the world in the late 1980s. . Since 1988 the collective work of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and World Health Organization (WHO) through immunizations, communication awareness, and monitoring have helped the world exonerate polio. The mission of polio-free Pakistan was herculean and had confronted enormous challenges in different ways but came out with positive results. In 2019, with only two remaining polio-endemic countries, Pakistan and Afghanistan, GPEI launched an “Endgame strategy 2019-2023” which aims to eradicate polio globally, with a targeted focus, especially on polio-endemic countries, the plan emphasizes the early detection of polio cases for complete eradication and to restrict the spread of polio. Pakistan has achieved a milestone in ...
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Background Chronic non-healing or refractory pancreatic fistulae are rare complications of pancreatic surgery (pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy) or pancreatitis. Materials and Methods We conducted a thorough literature... more
Background Chronic non-healing or refractory pancreatic fistulae are rare complications of pancreatic surgery (pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy) or pancreatitis. Materials and Methods We conducted a thorough literature search of electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, BioMed Central, and Cochrane Library using the keywords and medical subject headings (MeSH) terms “chronic pancreatic fistula”, “post-operative fistula”, “fistula management” and “refractory pancreatic fistula”. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the management options for refractory pancreatic fistula (PF). Results Literature reveals that refractory pancreatic fistulae have been managed by techniques like endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided techniques like transmural puncture by clamping, puncture of the fistula tract, transmural placement of pigtail stent, and EUSguided pancreaticogastrostomy. Other techniques are postoperative endoscopic pancreatic stent placement in Grade C pancreat...
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In the recent past, due to the pandemic and humanitarian crisis, the healthcare system has dived into turmoil, especially regarding core facilities for women and maternal health. Afghanistan has the highest maternal mortality rate... more
In the recent past, due to the pandemic and humanitarian crisis, the healthcare system has dived into turmoil, especially regarding core facilities for women and maternal health. Afghanistan has the highest maternal mortality rate globally according to the WHO, with a startling 638 deaths per 100,000 live births. In such a decrepit system, regime changes resulted in major donors withdrawing from the national primary care service program leading to serious consequences for Afghani women such as women being compelled to deliver babies at home instead of hospitals increasing the risk of infections and maternal mortality. Major challenges faced by the Afghan healthcare system include the cessation of international funding due to the humanitarian crisis, the shortage of medicines, and the failure to deliver salaries to healthcare workers. According to the UNFPA, due to these challenges, more than 90% of healthcare facilities are at risk of closure, leading to an estimated 4.8 million una...
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a rising concern since its declaration as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Recently, its... more
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a rising concern since its declaration as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Recently, its association with multiple underlying organs has been identified that includes cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, nervous systems, and cutaneous manifestations. Cutaneous COVID-19 findings have been supposedly classified into the following categories: vesicular (varicella-like), papulo-vesiculsar, chilblains-like (“COVID toes”) maculopapular, and urticarial morphologies. In this review, we aim to focus on the proposed pathophysiology behind the various dermatological manifestations associated with COVID-19 and their associated management. We also included prevalence and clinical features of the different COVID-19-related skin lesions in our review. A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was performed in PubMed databases. Data from case reports, ...
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Most instances of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are caused by immunological stimulation and are discovered after vaccinations for tetanus toxoid, oral polio, and swine influenza. This systematic study investigated GBS cases reported after... more
Most instances of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are caused by immunological stimulation and are discovered after vaccinations for tetanus toxoid, oral polio, and swine influenza. This systematic study investigated GBS cases reported after receiving the COVID-19 vaccination.
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Research Interests: Public Health, Medicine, Population, Disease, Hepatitis, and 5 moreEtiology, hepatitis A, Outbreak, Pandemic, and Acute Hepatitis
This article aims to comment on pandemic preparedness strategies, especially for refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Yemen, and the obstacles that may hinder their success. Yemen is currently undergoing the largest... more
This article aims to comment on pandemic preparedness strategies, especially for refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Yemen, and the obstacles that may hinder their success. Yemen is currently undergoing the largest humanitarian crisis worldwide, with 283,000 refugees from the Middle East and Africa, and 3.6 million internally displaced inhabitants. Basic needs including food, water and shelter have been compromised, in the setting of political unrest and financial instability. The effects of healthcare discrimination and inadequate healthcare facilities have intensified in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, where healthcare resources are of the utmost significance. This amounts to a wake-up call for concerned international bodies and charitable organizations to intensify their efforts in view of the rising infection rate. Since March 2020, numerous endeavors have been made by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and partners, such as the Inter...
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Aim: This systematic review aims to assess the safety profile of oxcarbazepine during pregnancy. Methods: Observational studies that included women who took oxcarbazepine anytime during pregnancy were included in our systematic review.... more
Aim: This systematic review aims to assess the safety profile of oxcarbazepine during pregnancy. Methods: Observational studies that included women who took oxcarbazepine anytime during pregnancy were included in our systematic review. The review did not include non-English articles, reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, and animal studies. Different online sources such as MEDLINE, Cochrane library, Virtual Health library etc. were searched for published and unpublished literature. Assessment of risk of bias of observational studies was done using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The meta-analyses were performed using a random-effect model. GRADE was used for the evaluation of the quality of evidence for the primary outcomes. Results: We included 19 cohort studies with a total number of 5,071,137 patients, of which 2,450 were exposed to oxcarbazepine either as monotherapy or polytherapy. The summary odds ratio (OR) was 1.69 (95% CI, 0.95-2.98) for congenital malformations following in-ut...
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Introduction: The corona virus pandemic has brought with it psychological problems like anxiety, stress, and depression. Research studies are urgently required to generate data that would help formulate strategies to manage the ensuing... more
Introduction: The corona virus pandemic has brought with it psychological problems like anxiety, stress, and depression. Research studies are urgently required to generate data that would help formulate strategies to manage the ensuing psychiatric and psychological maladies at societal level. Aims & Objectives: The aim of our study is to better comprehend the initial psychological response of society to COVID-19 outbreak though a survey. Place and duration of study: This cross-sectional study was conducted in King Edward Medical University, Lahore from April 2020 to October 2020. Material & Methods: An online questionnaire comprising of 20 items including the Zung self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was disseminated to three fifty (350) participants. Two hundred and seventy-one (n=271) responses were received. Collected data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS software version 20. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Relationships between categorical ...
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Aim: To understand the psychological impact of COVID – 19 on Medical Students of a private sector Medical University in Karachi, Pakistan. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students studying at Hamdard College... more
Aim: To understand the psychological impact of COVID – 19 on Medical Students of a private sector Medical University in Karachi, Pakistan. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students studying at Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan. The data collection was done through online survey from July 2020 to December 2020. The study aimed to gather data from many medical students. A total number of 420 students were participated from Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry in Karachi, Pakistan. The participants were selected from all years of MBBS and BDS programs . Results: Out of 420 participants, 236 (56.2%) were male and 184 (43.8%) female, with a male:female ration of 1.28:1. Majority of participants were single as 411 (97.9%), of 224 (53.3%) students living with their family, 150 (35.7%) in hostel and 46 (11%) living with friends. In our sample 369 (87.9%) students studying in MBBS program while only 51 (12.1%) BDS, among those 80 ...
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Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are becoming more frequent as the age increases. Contemporary therapies provide symptom resolution instead of targeting underlying pathological... more
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are becoming more frequent as the age increases. Contemporary therapies provide symptom resolution instead of targeting underlying pathological pathways. Consequently, there is considerable heterogeneity in response to treatment. Research has elucidated multiple potential of pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to neurodegenerative conditions, among which oxidative stress pathways appear to be suitable drug targets. The oxidative stress pathway has given rise to numerous novel pharmacological therapies that may provide a new avenue for neurodegenerative diseases. For example, SKQ (plastoquinone), MitoVitE, vitamin E, SOD mimic, MitoTEMPO (SOD mimetic), and bioactive molecules like curcumin and vitamin C have indeed been examined. To better understand how oxidative stress contributes to neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s), we analyzed the medicinal qualities of...
Efforts to recognize SARS–CoV-2 infection have focused on respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. Although it is also well known that SARS–CoV-2 infection can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain,... more
Efforts to recognize SARS–CoV-2 infection have focused on respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. Although it is also well known that SARS–CoV-2 infection can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, there are emerging reports of SARS–CoV-2 infection causing surgical pathology. We present the first case report of SARS–CoV-2 infection directly causing acute appendicitis, first suspected due to highly atypical histological features and later confirmed as polymerase chain reaction positive appendicular tissue sample.
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Guidelines call for cholecystectomy during the index hospitalization for patients with gallstone pancreatitis. Therefore, the study sought to determine the trends for cholecystectomy and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography... more
Guidelines call for cholecystectomy during the index hospitalization for patients with gallstone pancreatitis. Therefore, the study sought to determine the trends for cholecystectomy and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for mild gallstone pancreatitis. A retrospective analysis of the 2010–2018 Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) was performed to identify patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis. The primary aim was to identify the trends in the use of cholecystectomy in these patients, and the secondary aim was to assess if ERCP alone was protective against readmission. A total of 510,470 patients with mild gallstone pancreatitis were identified. There has been an increasing trend in ERCP use (25% in 2018 vs. 22% in 2010; p-0.001) and a decline in cholecystectomy (37% in 2018 vs. 46% in 2010; p-0.001) prior to discharge. Multivariate analysis revealed higher 30-day readmission for patients who underwent ERCP without cholecystectomy (odds ratio1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–3.5) during the index admission. There has been a decline in the use of cholecystectomy during index hospitalization for mild gallstone pancreatitis. In addition, ERCP was not protective against 30-day readmission from mild gallstone pancreatitis.
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Objective: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of zinc and B-Complex supplementation to prevent the recurrence of nephrotic syndrome in the cases priory responsive to corticosteroid therapy. Methodology It is a randomized controlled... more
Objective: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of zinc and B-Complex supplementation to prevent the recurrence of nephrotic syndrome in the cases priory responsive to corticosteroid therapy. Methodology It is a randomized controlled trial conducted at OPD Pediatric medicine, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto University, PIMS Children Hospital Islamabad from October 3, 2016 to April 2, 2017. 192 patients (96 in each group) were included in the study after obtaining informed consent from parents or guardians taken before determining the population. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups (Group 1: Zinc and Group 2: B-Complex) to receive oral zinc sulphate (10 mg / day) or B-Complex using a random number table. The patients were followed up after 4 months. All data were collected by the researchers themselves in a structured form. Results: The age of 192 participants of the trial averaged 6.38±3.42 years of age ranging from 1-12 years. There were 88 (45.8%) men and 104 (54.2%) wo...
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate student satisfaction with their program, academic environment and administrative services in terms of its effectiveness on their professional attitudes, lives and career. A total of 261 students... more
The purpose of this study was to evaluate student satisfaction with their program, academic environment and administrative services in terms of its effectiveness on their professional attitudes, lives and career. A total of 261 students of allied health sciences program at King Edward Medical University, were examined in terms of personal satisfaction by means of a specifically designed student satisfaction survey. A qualitative analysis approach was used to interpret the data generated by a three‐part survey form circulated to the four proceeding sessions of allied health sciences program and satisfaction of students in 12 major disciplines was evaluated. The data was entered in statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) version 22 using quantitative variables and descriptive statistics including frequency distribution tables and diagrams. The study revealed a student satisfaction of only 22.1% with their program with different levels of recommendation in different sub-discip...
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A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It is caused by the mutation in KIT and PDGFRα genes. It constitutes <1% of all gastrointestinal tumors. Duodenal GISTs... more
A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It is caused by the mutation in KIT and PDGFRα genes. It constitutes <1% of all gastrointestinal tumors. Duodenal GISTs constitute 4.5% of all GISTs. We report a 61-year-old lady, presented with generalized abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, and nausea for the last 3 years. Physical exam-ination showed a pallor and on abdominal examination, a large palpable mass was extending from the pelvis to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The CT scan showed a large heterogeneously echogenic mass in the abdomen and pelvis with no lymphadenopathy and distant metastasis in this region. Laparotomy showed a large globular mass extending from the pelvis to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen adherent to the wall of a third part of the duodenum. Complete surgical resection of tumor done with an intact capsule. Microscopic examination showed neoplastic spindle cells wi...
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Dapsone was synthesized about 100 years ago, but its use remained limited to leprosy and malaria due to its toxic effects...
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Acute kidney injury, also referred to as AKI, is a common complication seen in critically ill patients . There has been a significant increase in the number of AKI cases over the past few decades. In order to standardize the... more
Acute kidney injury, also referred to as AKI, is a common complication seen in critically ill patients . There has been a significant increase in the number of AKI cases over the past few decades. In order to standardize the classification of AKI, the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, EndStage) and AKIN (AKI Network) criteria were developed. This is a prospective, observational, and longitudinal cohort study where data from all patients admitted to the hospital intensive care unit (ICU) were collected. The study duration ranged from March 2019 to September 2020. During the study period, 198 patients were admitted to the ICU. Of these, 69 were excluded while the remaining 104 patients were included in the study. About 66–67% of the total critically ill patient population admitted in the ICU suffer from some etiology related to AKI. Our study highlights the aspect in which the cases of AKI are underreported. RIFLE class R or class I is still associated with excess mortality compared...
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Introduction The incidence of urolithiasis is about 5 percent in general population and annual incidence can be up to 1 percent overall [1]. Urolithiasis is more common in males than females and average age at which first episode of... more
Introduction The incidence of urolithiasis is about 5 percent in general population and annual incidence can be up to 1 percent overall [1]. Urolithiasis is more common in males than females and average age at which first episode of symptoms occurs is 30 years [2]. There is bimodal age pattern in females at 30 and 55 years. If proper preventive measures are not taken the risk of recurrence increases with time [2].
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ABSTRACT. COVID-19 is a global health crisis that continues to pose new challenges all around the world. Amidst the growing pandemic, a spike in the number of mucormycosis cases in India and Pakistan has been reported in COVID-19 patients... more
ABSTRACT. COVID-19 is a global health crisis that continues to pose new challenges all around the world. Amidst the growing pandemic, a spike in the number of mucormycosis cases in India and Pakistan has been reported in COVID-19 patients and in those who have recovered from COVID-19. This increase in cases may be related to the overuse of steroids and zinc, the use of industrial oxygen, unsterilized medical equipment, frequent intubation, a weakened immune system, and pre-existing comorbidities such as diabetes. As a result, it is critical to take steps to handle the current increase in mucormycosis cases. Therefore, this article aims to highlight the existence of mucormycosis amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in India and Pakistan, focusing on possible causes and implications, and suggests important plans of action to be taken during this pandemic.
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Introduction: Hypertension complicates 10% of pregnancies causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is considered severe hypertension if Systolic >160 and Diastolic >110 lasting more than 15 minutes. It is an... more
Introduction: Hypertension complicates 10% of pregnancies causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is considered severe hypertension if Systolic >160 and Diastolic >110 lasting more than 15 minutes. It is an Obstetric emergency and needs prompt appropriate treatment. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Tehsil Headquarter Hospital. One hundred fifty patients were included in the study divided into two groups: Nifedipine group (n:75) getting oral Nifedipine and Labetalol group (n:75) getting IV Labetalol. Results: This study shows that goal therapeutic blood pressure was reached earlier in patients receiving oral Nifedipine 28.2 ± 11.7minutes as compared with those receiving intravenous Labetalol 48.4 +- 23.5minutes. Fewer doses were required for the nifedipine group in contrast to the IV labetalol group Failure of treatment was higher among the IV labetalol group. Conclusion: Oral nifedipine is as productive and safe as compared to Iv labetalol...
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Introduction: Galectin-3 has been reported quite accurate to detect or exclude malignancy in nodules with prior indeterminate Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and per operative findings. Keeping this fact in mind, Galectin-3 can have a... more
Introduction: Galectin-3 has been reported quite accurate to detect or exclude malignancy in nodules with prior indeterminate Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and per operative findings. Keeping this fact in mind, Galectin-3 can have a pivotal role in separating benign from the malignant thyroid neoplasms. We aim to determine the frequency and intensity of Galectin-3 immunohistochemical expression among benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms confirmed on histopathology. Materials and Methods: We studied 78 thyroid specimens diagnosed with thyroid neoplasms on histopathology. Out of these 39 were benign cases (follicular adenoma and hurthle cell adenoma) and 39 were malignant cases (papillary thyroid carcinomas, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma). Each specimen was examined grossly and microscopically and checked for immunohistochemical staining pattern of Galectin-3 under the microscope. Results: Age range in this study was from 15 to 65 ye...
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Self-insertion of a foreign body in the urethra is an uncommon presentation clinically. The cases usually arise due to fulfillment of sexual desire, for recreation, play, or exploration, or the foreign body insertion may take place... more
Self-insertion of a foreign body in the urethra is an uncommon presentation clinically. The cases usually arise due to fulfillment of sexual desire, for recreation, play, or exploration, or the foreign body insertion may take place accidentally. We present a case of an adolescent boy with a foreign body urethra presenting to the emergency room with urinary retention, pain, and dysuria. Attending urologist suspected urethral stricture and ordered ultrasonography to investigate which turned out to be a sewing needle in his urethra. The patient was then enquired about the foreign body. He tried to self-dilate his urethra as he was experiencing lower urinary tract symptoms. The sewing needle was removed by endoscopy and he was administered with antibiotics and painkillers. The urethral foreign bodies may present with pain, dysuria, or urinary incontinence and these foreign bodies are mostly seen in the male population in the adolescent age group.
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With millions of possible vaccine doses on hold, with respect to the ongoing pandemic, we pay little attention to the repercussions those plastic syringes have on the environment. This article delves into the impact that the increase in... more
With millions of possible vaccine doses on hold, with respect to the ongoing pandemic, we pay little attention to the repercussions those plastic syringes have on the environment. This article delves into the impact that the increase in medical waste, haphazard use and disposal of syringes has caused to the environment, citing the practices followed and its possible solutions. The increasing production of nonbiodegradable materials is inevitably going to affect the world we live in. This article highlights the importance of developing new and sustainable methods of vaccination and disposal, while mentioning some initiatives that are already in place to combat this issue. Along with educating the unaware proportion of the population, there is a need to develop sustainable and recyclable products for a better tomorrow.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common among Muslim patients, and many such patients are keen to fast during the month of Ramadan. Fasting for prolonged periods may be deleterious for patients with CKD, but the changing season of fasting... more
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common among Muslim patients, and many such patients are keen to fast during the month of Ramadan. Fasting for prolonged periods may be deleterious for patients with CKD, but the changing season of fasting means that the duration of fast is very variable between geographical locations. There is, furthermore, a paucity of evidence to guide patients and clinicians in management of fasting in people with CKD. In this article, we aim to review the available evidence for patients with CKD and fasting, including haemodialysis and renal transplantation. We suggest that all patients with CKD should be deemed high risk or very high risk for fasting. We conclude, however, that patients with stable mild/moderate CKD (stage 1–3) may be able to fast providing they are carefully monitored and counselled. We also suggest that patients with stable renal transplants may also be able to fast, providing they are monitored carefully by their transplant team. Patients on ...
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For many years, liver disease has been viewed as a bleeding diathesis; this dogma has now come under challenge with the discovery that some patients with liver disease are also at an increased risk of developing thrombosis. The current... more
For many years, liver disease has been viewed as a bleeding diathesis; this dogma has now come under challenge with the discovery that some patients with liver disease are also at an increased risk of developing thrombosis. The current understanding is that in liver disease, the haemostatic balance remains as in normal individuals but is reset, with equally reduced levels of coagulant and anticoagulant proteins. Thus it is fragile and easily disturbed resulting in either bleeding or thrombosis, depending on the initial stimulus. This, along with the physiological derangements inherent in liver disease, adds many layers of complexity to the investigation and management of bleeding and thrombosis in patients with liver disease. This chapter aims to address these issues, firstly defining liver disease and its aetiologies, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the fragile haemostatic balance, interpretation of screening tests of coagulation in the context of liver disease and finally the management of bleeding and thrombosis in liver disease. Future research is discussed including global assays of coagulation, which provide a more accurate assessment of the haemostatic defect and current clinical trials assessing therapeutic options, such as tranexamic acid, in select clinical contexts.
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The current use of the available legacy 3D surface seismic reflectivity data for deep objectives on-shore Kuwait, is limited by the low seismic resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio caused by residual multiples that are difficult to... more
The current use of the available legacy 3D surface seismic reflectivity data for deep objectives on-shore Kuwait, is limited by the low seismic resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio caused by residual multiples that are difficult to attenuate with conventional processes. The delineation of the main seismic acoustic boundaries on the conventionally processed 3D seismic data is very challenging. In this article we demonstrate the value added to conventional 3D land seismic by the high resolution IRD post-stack inversion workflow. The adopted seismic inversion workflow is a 'two-step' sequential inversion method where seismic reflectivity cubes are first converted to relative impedance (RAI) after wavelet processing and wavelet removal, and then a low frequency model is added to obtain the desired absolute seismic attribute. The RAI data, when compared to conventional seismic data, allows a much more accurate delineation of the overburden salt and anhydrite cycles and offers a more confident and well calibrated delineation of the major reservoir acoustic formation boundaries.
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Research Interests: Hematology, Immunology, Medicine, Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, and 12 moreHumans, Female, Multiple Myeloma, Male, Inclusion Bodies, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Science Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, polycythemia vera, Myeloproliferative disorders, Myelodysplastic syndromes, and Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Since the publication of the 2001 and 2008 World Health Organization classifications of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, there has been an increasing move towards classification of haematological neoplasms on the basis of... more
Since the publication of the 2001 and 2008 World Health Organization classifications of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, there has been an increasing move towards classification of haematological neoplasms on the basis of the underlying molecular genetic disorder. In recent decades there have been a significant number of reports of haematological neoplasms with rearrangement of JAK2. Published data on such cases have therefore been analysed to determine if any specific entities could be identified. On the basis of this analysis, it is suggested that lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms associated with t(8;9)(p22;p24); PCM1-JAK2 fusion should be recognized as an entity. Furthermore, lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms associated respectively with t(9;12)(p24;p13); ETV6-JAK2 and with t(9;22)(p24;q11·2); BCR-JAK2 should be documented carefully in order to define their features more clearly and assess whether they can be recognized as entities. Identification of all these conditions is important because of the possibility of response to JAK2 inhibitors.