Sri Kasmiyati

Agricultural activity can't be separated from synthetic herbicide. Some synthetic herbicide use metsulfuron methyl as active ingredient that works to change chemical materials in weed's tissues so able to exterminate the tissue or disordering physiological system that needed for survivability of weeds. Because of that effect a question arises whether this compound also can affect non target organisms like periphyton algae. Periphyton is a group of microscopic organisms that grows attached to surface of objects or water plants, not penetrate the substrate, staying or moving on the substrate surfaces. One of main compilers of periphyton community is algae. Periphyton algae in water has significant role to determining primary productivity and as bioindicator of water quality. Some research that has been done shows if some active ingredient in particular concentration significantly affects toward primary productivity of periphyton algae and able to inhibit growth of certain alga...

Rennet, a milk coagulant exhibiting proteolytic activity, is a crucial component in cheese industries. Its price and availability have discouraged the growth of some small scale cheese industries. Therefore, an alternative for rennet will be beneficial for the industries. Among other sources, plant proteases offer some advantages as rennet alternatives. This study aimed to investigate the potential of plant proteases obtained from the latex as potential rennet alternatives. A total of six plants from the genus Ficus and Artocarpus were screened for their proteolytic activity and milk coagulating ability. The screening indicated that all six tested plants displayed proteolytic activity at various levels, but only Ficus benjamina and Artocarpus heterophyllus produced a firm milk curd. Hence, both F. benjamina and A. heterophyllus were determined to be the most potential. Further characterizations suggested that F. benjamina and A. heterophyllus protease were optimum at pH 7.0 also at ...

INTISARI Dewasa ini kegiatan pertanian tidak terlepas dari penggunaan herbisida kimia. Beberapa herbisida komersial menggunakan bahan aktif berupa metil metsulfuron (C14H15N5O6S) yang pada dasarnya bekerja mengubah pengaruh bahan kimia di dalam jaringan gulma yang dapat mematikan jaringan atau merusak sistem fisiologis yang dibutuhkan untuk kelangsungan hidup gulma. Karena pengaruh tersebut maka muncul pertanyaan apakah senyawa ini juga dapat mempengaruhi organisme non target seperti alga perifiton. Perifiton merupakan sekelompok organisme mikroskopis yang tumbuh menempel pada permukaan benda atau tumbuhan air, tidak menembus substrat, diam atau bergerak di permukaan substrat tersebut. Salah satu penyusun utama komunitas perifiton adalah alga. Alga perifiton di perairan memiliki peran yang besar dalam menentukan produktivitas primer dan sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan. Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnnya menunjukkan jika beberapa bahan aktif pada konsentrasi ...

The effects of mioinositol and yeast extract were studied to assess their influence on growth of plantlets of Artemisia vulgaris by shoot culture. The plants regeneration of A. vulgaris were established by removing the nodes of stem and growing in MS multiplication medium with 1 ppm kinetin and 1 ppm NAA for 4 weeks. Shoots were induced for roots on MS treatment medium supplemented with mioinositol and yeast extract, added with 2 ppm IBA. Combination of four levels mioinositol concentration (mg/l): 100, 200, 300, and 400, and four levels of yeast extract concentration (mg/l): 0, 200, 300, and 400 were simultaneously added. Plantlets (2 weeks) were sub cultured on semi liquid MS medium. Plantlets were harvested on 6 weeks old. Measured parameters were fresh weight of plantlets. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by HSD test (p=95%). The results showed that the treatment of mioinositol and yeast extract were not significantly influenced on fresh weight of plantlets. Yeast extract...

Chrommium is a non-essential metal which is highly toxic to microorganisms and plants. One of the efforts to improve the productivity of the soil is done by inoculating the microorganisms in the soil, that is with using mycorrhizal fungi. Sorghum bicolor is a plant that quite often found in Indonesia and resistant to heavy metals, for the example is chromium. Research of the mycorrhizal association of Glomus fasciculatum or Glomus mosae with plants in reducing heavy metal contamination has been done, but the mechanism of resistance to heavy metals Cr VI in Sorghum bicolor which associated with mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosae and Glomus fasiculatum has not been explained yet. The study was conducted experimentally using a randomized block design with three treatment concentrations of Cr VI (0 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm) and 3 treatment \of mycorrhiza (without mikiroza; Glomus mosae; Glomus fasiculatum). Each treatment was made 5 replications. Plants kept in polybags arranged randomly. The stu...

Remediation of heavy metals pollutant in the environment by using plants has a great potential and importance. However, investigation on chromium bioaccumulation on weed plants is scarce and its effect has not been determined, especially on Sonchus oleraceus. This research was conducted to study chromium bioaccumulation and translocation in Sonchus oleraceus weed plants. Plants were grown in three different media i.e. sterile sand, soil, and soil containing textile sludge for ± 3 months at 250 mg Cr/l or 10 mg Crl. The media and plant samples were analyzed for Cr using UV-VIS spectrophotometry (diphenyl carbazide method) and total chromium was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Sonchus oleraceus has the capability to accumulate Cr in roots and shoots. Chromium, either in the form of Cr or Cr, has significant effect on the bioaccumulation of Cr in plant’s roots and shoots. The highest chromium bioaccumulation is shown in Sonchus plants which were grown on san...

Artemisia cina is a wild herbaceous plant that has secondary metabolites as a source of antioxidants. The addition of mycorrhizal species Glomus mosseae can increase the antioxidant activity of plants Artemisia cina. This study aims to determine the effect of mycorrhizal Glomus mosseae on the growth and content of antioxidant compounds in Artemisia cina. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD), with four levels of treatment, namely: media without G. mosseae (control), media with G. mosseae 5,10 and 15 g with 5 replications for each treatment. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, 5th leaf length and width, wet and dry weight, root length, percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenols were also observed. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method. The results showed that the treatment Glomus mosseae with a dose of 15 g was significantly different from the control on plant growth parameters, num...

Antioxidants play a crucial role in human health owing to their ability to neutralize oxidative reactions. Kitolod ( Isotomalongiflora ) is one of the medicinal plants that can be used as a source of antioxidant. The aim of study wasto compare the content of antioxidant compounds (flavonoids, phenolics, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid) in various organs of the kitolod plant. The plant organs studied includingroots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. The extraction of each plant organ wasconducted by maceration technique using ethanol as a solvent at the room temperature for 48 hours. The analysis of total flavonoids, phenolics, and ascorbic acid was performed by colorimetry method using AlCl 3 , Folin, and sulfosalicyclic acid reagent respectively, while chlorophylls and carotenoids was determined by direct colorimetry method with methanol as a solvent. The antioxidant activity of various plant organs of kitolod was analyzed using the DPPH method. The highest total fla...

Guioa diplopetala yang dikenal masyarakat Sumba dengan nama Kapehu, biasa digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk berbagai penyakit, tetapi laporan ilmiah kemampuan tersebut belum banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri ekstrak daun, serta menganalisis korelasi antara kandungan fenol, tanin dan flavonoid terhadap kedua aktivitas farmakologi tersebut. Ekstrak daun Guioa diplopetala diperoleh melalui metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol (MD) dan etanol (ED). Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram kertas sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan diuji menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazil). Skrining fitokimia senyawa bioaktif ditentukan secara kualitatif. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak MD lebih kuat dibandingkan ED yaitu berturut-turut 82,33 dan 59,58 mg AEAC/g. Ekstrak etanol daun Guioa diplopetala tidak menunjukkan kemampuan antibakteri sedangkan ekstrak metanol mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri uji E...

Sonchus oleraceus is a weed that is capable of living in chromium contaminated environments, so their physiological, biochemical and molecular responses can be used as biomarkers of chromium stress. Changes in the activity of antioxidative enzymes can be used as a biomarker of biochemical against heavy metal stress.The objective of this research was to know the response of antioxidative enzymes activity in S. oleraceus subjected to Cr stress on different planting media. The research was done in 2 factors i.e. planting media types and Cr compound types (Cr3+and Cr6+). Parameters measured were antioxidative enzymes activity i.e catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxidase dismutase (SOD), and glutathion reductase (GR), dissolved protein content in leaves, and content of Cr6 + and Cr total in roots and shoots.The data were analyzed with a two way ANOVA using SAS 9.1 32-bit for windows. The results indicated that activity of antioxidative enzymes (CAT, APX, SOD and GR) of S....

Abstract. Kasmiyati S, Kristiani EBE, Herawati MM, Rondonuwu FS. 2021. Exploring anticancer activity of wild and polyploid mutant of Artemisia cina.  Biodiversitas 22: 1227-1234. The research aims were to explore the anticancer compounds in wild type (W) and polyploid mutant (P) of Artemisia cina Berg ex Poljakov using NIR and compare their cytotoxicity and selectivity on WiDR colon cancer and HTB183 lung cancer cell lines and Vero normal cell line. The W was obtained from B2P2TOOT Tawangmangu, Indonesia while P was by inducing A. cina shoot culture with 100 mg/l colchicine for 48 hours. They were extracted with hexane using the soxhletation method for 6 hours. The anticancer compounds were detected using NIR. The cytotoxic activity was determined using MTT assay, with Doxorubicin (D) as a control. The calculation of IC50 value used SPSS16 with a Probit analysis. The P contained the determined four compounds while the W contained no rutin. The IC50 values of W, P, and D were 295.5, ...

The Asteraceae family plants are reported to have various abilities as drugs. Artemisia belongs to the Asteraceae family has been used as a drug for malaria, and recent developments have been studied for its ability as anticancer agents. Cosmos caudatus , a member of the Asteraceae family that believed by many people for its ability to heal cancer. The aims of this study were to determine the content of quercetin, kaempferol, and artemisinin which is an anticancer biomarker compound in A. annua , A. vulgaris Linn., A. chinese Berg ex Poljakov, and Cosmos caudatus Kunth which grow in Kopeng blood, Semarang Regency, Province Central Java. The plant samples were dried and mashed up. The content of biomarker compounds was determined using using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The artemisinin levels in A. annua , A. vulgaris Linn., A. cina Berg Poljakov, and Cosmos caudatus Kunth were 0.2800; 0.3000; 0.1700; and 0.0300% respectively. The kaempferol was detected in the thre...

Enzim protease merupakan enzim yang berfungsi menghidrolisis ikatan peptida pada protein menjadi oligopeptida dan asam amino. Enzim protease memiliki peranan penting yang banyak digunakan dalam bidang industri seperti pembuatan detergen, pengempukan daging, pembuatan keju dan sebagainya. Kebutuhan enzim yang terus meningat sedangkan ketersediaannya terbatas maka perlu adanya alternatif lainya. Protease pada getah lebih sederhana dan efisien. Protease getah termasuk enzim ekstraseluler yang mengandung fenolik, kitinase dan protease. Protease yang terkandung pada getah memiliki aktivitas yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan bagian tumbuhan lainnya. Sejumlah spesies Arthocarpus spp  sudah dibuktikan menghasilkan senyawa  protease sebagai sumber proease alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seleksi tumbuhan Arthocarpus spp dengan uji  aktivitas enzim protease  yang paling maksimal, mengetahui pH dan suhu optimum proteasenya dengan variasi pH 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 dan varias...

Pigmen alami adalah zat pewarna yang diproduksi secara alami baik langsung maupun tidak langsung oleh tumbuhan maupun hewan, sehingga penggunaan zat warna alami untuk makanan dan minuman tidak memberikan kerugian bagi kesehatan. Buah bit merah (Beta vulgaris L) dan buah naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) merupakan tanaman yang umum digunakan sebagai pewarna alami makanan. Masyarakat pada umumnya percaya bahwa keberdaan warna merah bahan alam identik dengan fungsinya sebagai antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat membantu tubuh untuk menghindari stres oksidatif yang berpotensi menyebabkan timbulnya gejala penyakit degeneratif seperti kanker. Flavonoid merupakan metabolit sekunder bagian dari kelompok senyawa fenolik pada tumbuhan yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fenolik total, flavonoid total, dan aktivitas antioksidan dari buah naga dan buah bit. Sampel dikeringkan kemudian diekstrak menggunakan pelarut etanol. Penentuan kuantitatif total fen...

Chrommium is a non-essential metal which is highly toxic to microorganisms and plants. One of the efforts to improve the productivity of the soil is done by inoculating the microorganisms in the soil, that is with using mycorrhizal fungi. Sorghum bicolor is a plant that quite often found in Indonesia and resistant to heavy metals, for the example is chromium. Research of the mycorrhizal association of Glomus fasciculatum or Glomus mosae with plants in reducing heavy metal contamination has been done, but the mechanism of resistance to heavy metals Cr VI in Sorghum bicolor which associated with mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosae and Glomus fasiculatum has not been explained yet. The study was conducted experimentally using a randomized block design with three treatment concentrations of Cr VI (0 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm) and 3 treatment \of mycorrhiza (without mikiroza; Glomus mosae; Glomus fasiculatum ). Each treatment was made 5 replications. Plants kept in polybags arranged randomly. The st...

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pertumbuhan dan penyerapan Cr jenis-jenis tanaman anggota Brassicaceae  yang ditumbuhkan pada media limbah sludge tekstil. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan  perlakuan berupa 6 jenis tanaman anggota Brassicaceae meliputi 3 jenis dari kelompok gulma ( Rorripa , Cardamain  dan Nosturtium officinale ) serta 3 jenis dari tanaman budidaya Brassica rapa (sawi sendok, sawi bakso dan sawi  pahit). Parameter yang ditentukan meliputi diameter tajuk, jumlah daun, berat kering tanaman, kandungan Cr total,  limbah padat tekstil, serta kandungan NPK dan rasio C/N pada limbah padat ( sludge ) tekstil. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa 6 jenis tanaman anggota Brassicaceae ( Brassica rapa , Rorripa , Cardamain dan Nosturtium )  mampu tumbuh pada media limbah sludge tekstil. Pertambahan diameter tajuk menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda  nyata secara statistik pada ketiga tanaman sawi, sedangkan pada ketiga jenis tanaman gulma tidak terjadi peningkatan...

Tagetes erecta is an annual plant that is, in addition, to be used as an ornamental plant, it can also be used as an agent for phytoremediation. Glomus intraradices is one of the species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi which can be mutually symbiotic with various species of plants, including T. erecta .  This study was aimed to determine the effect of VAM fungi G. intraradices on the growth of T. erecta in growth media containing chromium. The study was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design with treatments, namely Cr 6+ concentrations of 0, 5 and 10 ppm in the form of K 2 CrO 7 , and the addition of VAM fungi G. intraradices in the growth media in the form of soil and mixture of soil: textile sludge (1: 1).  T. erecta was grown in four different growth media (soil, soil: textile sludge (1:1), soil+VAM, soil: textile sludge (1:1)+VAM) that was treated with Cr 6+ and G. intraradices for 1.5 months. The growth of T. erecta was determined based ...

One of heavy metal pollutants in the soil that can be absorbed by the sorghum is chromium (Cr). The study was conducted to determine the growth response of Cr 3+ stress of sorghum cultivars. Two chemical compounds Cr 3+ and 3 level concentrations were exposed to sorghum cultivars. The research was conducted in two separate experiments i.e. during seed germination and early seedling development stages. The parameters measured were radicle/root length, seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight, and stress tolerance index (STI) value. The results showed that Cr 3+ either in form of CrCl 3 or KCr(SO 4 ) 2 significantly reduced the seedling growth of sorghum cultivars. The growth responses of sorghum cultivars toward Cr 3+ stress showed differences both on stage of the germination and early seedling. Based on the average of STI value, four sorghum cultivars (Badik, Keris, Keris M3 and Numbu) were classified as very strong tolerant, 4 cultivars (Hegari, Mandau, Sangkur and Gambela) were c...

Faloak ( Sterculia quadrifida ) is a medicinal plant used by the people of East Nusa Tenggara to treat lumbago, liver dysfunction and to restore the stamina. The research aims were to determine the qualitative and quantitative content of flavonoids, phenols, and tannins, as well as to examine the antioxidant activity of roots, stem barks, leaves, fruits and seeds extracts of faloak plant. Each organ was extracted with ethanol 70% using the maceration method. The qualitative content of bioactive compounds was determined using the phytochemical screening method. The determination of bioactive compounds concentration was using spectrophotometric methods and antioxidant activity was using the DPPH method. The result of phytochemical screening showed that all of the extracts were exhibit phenols compounds, but the flavonoids and tannins were only found in roots, barks, leaves, and fruits extracts. The quantitative content of total flavonoids of roots, barks, leaves, fruits, and seeds was...

The introduction of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) into the human population represents a tremendous medical and economical crisis. The immune system plays a central role in protecting against this novel virus. This activity aimed to empower young generation using participatory learning and action approach to improve their knowledge about medicinal plants that grow in Indonesia and whose anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties. Organoleptic test results showed that Kunyit Asam (consisted of turmeric and ginger) and Tealang (consisted of butterfly pea and lemongrass) were highly favored by panelists. Our results provide valuable information on the medicinal plants used as an immunity booster within the studied community.

Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone found in Artemisia cina having many medicinal properties. Artemisinin produced and stored in Glandular trichomes The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shade 0%, 50% and 75% on the density and size of glandular trichomes and the content of artemisinin in A.cina tetraploid plants. The shade treatment significantly affected the density and size of glandular trichomes and the content of artemisinin in Artemisia cina tetraploid. 50% shade treatment showed the highest density of Glandular trichome, the width of glandular trichomes, and Artemisinin content. The results of the correlation analysis show that there is a very significant relationship between the density of glandular trichomes and the content of artemisinin.

Tanaman Celosia plumosa memiliki variasi warna yang ditentukan oleh kandungan pigmen. Aktivitas antioksidan memiliki senyawa yang mampu memperlambat proses oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan pigmen (klorofil, karotenoid, dan antosianin), flavonoid, fenolik, dan aktivitas antioksidan pada tanaman C.plumosa bunga merah dan kuning dengan variasi organ daun dan bunga. Analisis kandungan klorofil dan karotenoid dengan spektrofotometri, antosianin dengan pH-diferensial, flavonoid dengan AlCl3(kolorimetri), fenolik dengan Folin-ciocalteau, dan aktivitas antioksidan dengan DPPH. Kandungan klorofil tertinggi pada daun bunga kuning sebesar 128,80 µg/ml. Kandungan karotenoid tertinggi pada bunga merah sebesar 8,27 mg/ml. Kandungan antosianin tertinggi pada bunga merah sebesar 28,94 mg/gr. Flavonoid tertinggi pada bunga merah sebesar 5,60 mg/L. Fenolik tertinggi pada bunga merah sebesar 3,48 mg/L. Nilai IC50 tertinggi ditemukan pada bunga merah sebesar 2,75 ppm. Bunga...

Artemisia cina is a wild herbaceous plant that has secondary metabolites as a source of antioxidants. The addition of mycorrhizal species Glomus mosseae can increase the antioxidant activity of plants Artemisia cina. This study aims to determine the effect of mycorrhizal Glomus mosseae on the growth and content of antioxidant compounds in Artemisia cina. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD), with four levels of treatment, namely: media without G. mosseae (control), media with G. mosseae 5,10 and 15 g with 5 replications for each treatment. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, 5th leaf length and width, wet and dry weight, root length, percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenols were also observed. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method. The results showed that the treatment Glomus mosseae with a dose of 15 g was significantly different from the control on plant growth parameters, num...

The medicinal plant-derived bioactive compounds have a potential for many biological activities, including antimicrobial activity. Artemisia cina is a medicinal plant from the Compositae family with the potential of having antitumor, antifungal, and antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity and the flavonoid content of A. Cina’s ethyl acetate extract. Plants samples were extracted by ethyl acetate maceration method. Antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) by a disk diffusion method using 25, 50, and 100 mg/l extract concentrations. The flavonoid contents (quercetin and kaempferol) were measured using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The extracts of diploid and polyploid A. cina displayed some antibacterial activity, with the Gram-negative bacteria being more resistant than the Gram-positive cou...

Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri), patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta), and benalu (Loranthus sp.) have often been used by people as medicinal plants. This research aimed to measure the levels of flavonoids, phenolics, and ascorbic acid compounds, as well as the Free Radical Scavenging (FRS) activity of ethyl acetate extract from the mixture of P. niruri, E. hirta, and Loranthus sp. The FRS activity was measured with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The level of compounds was measured by using the spectrophotometry method with specific reagents. The result of the FRS activity in ethyl acetate extract from the mixture of P. niruri, E. hirta, and Loranthus sp. varied depending on its dose. The measure of FRS in the P. niruri: E. hirta: Loranthus sp 0:0:1 (K-OOL) composition showed a strong result with a value of IC50 97.2 ± 2.1 ppm, while in the 0:0.5:0.5 (K-OEL) composition it was moderate with a value of IC50 147.6 ± 6.5 ppm. The other compositions showed weak and inactive res...

Artemisia cina is one of a member of genus Artemisia that has potential as a medicinal plant. However, the levels of Artemisia medicinal bioactive compounds are very low. Polyploidization is an alternative method that can enhance of growth and secondary metabolite productions of plants. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of polyploid induction using colchicine and plant growth regulator toward plant growth, the chlorophyll, kaemferol and quercetin contents of A. cina. Four different A. cina used in this research consisted of two diploid genotypes (TWN and KJT) and two polyploid genotypes (J and M). Induction of mutant polyploid was conducted using colchicine and combination of plant growth regulator benziladenyl (BA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The measured plant growth parameters were dry weight, leaf area, and plant height. The chlorophyll content of leaves was determined spectrophotometrically, and flavonoid content determined using HPLC. The r...

In contrast to other toxic trace metals, Cr has received little attention. Since valence level of chromium determines its toxicity, chromium is categorized as unique heavy metal. Chromium hexavalent (Cr6+) has the biggest toxicity among other valence levels. Seed germination and seedling growth are sensitive to heavy metal stresses. This research aimed to find out the responses of seed germination and seedling growth of 12 sorghum varieties toward Cr6+. Seed germination and seedling growth experiment was done on 12 sorghum varieties (Badik, UPCA-1, Keris, Keris M3, hegari Genjah, Gambela, Selayer, Sangkur, Mandau, Batari, Kawali, dan Numbu), planted in petridishes with Cr6+ treatment in form of chromate (K2CrO4) and dichromate (K2Cr2O7) compounds with 0, 50 and 500 mg of Cr/l concentration for a week. The parameters measured were the number of seeds germinate each day; the length of radicle and plumule, and fresh and dry weight at the end of experiment. The results showed that highe...

Moringa oleifera and Muntingia calabura leaves have been reported to have an antibacterial activity that could inhibit the growth of gram positive and negative bacteria. However, the antibacterial activity of mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves has not been widely reported. The purpose of this study was to test antibacterial activity of the mixed extract of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The experiment was conducted by agar disc diffusion method using three groups of extract treatments i.e. M.oleifera seeds extract, M.calabura leaves extract, and mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves with a ratio of 1: 1 (v / v). The extraction of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves was conducted by soxhlation method and using ethanol as solvent. The three groups of extract treatments with a concentration of 400 ppm, 800 ppm, 1200 ppm, and 1600 ppm were tested on P. aeruginosa. T...

<p>One of heavy metal pollutants in the soil that can be absorbed by the sorghum is chromium (Cr). The study was conducted to determine the growth response of Cr3+ stress of sorghum cultivars. Two chemical compounds Cr3+ and 3 level concentrations were exposed to sorghum cultivars. The research was conducted in two separate experiments i.e. during seed germination and early seedling development stages. The parameters measured were radicle/root length, seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight, and stress tolerance index (STI) value. The results showed that Cr3+ either in form of CrCl3 or KCr(SO4)2 significantly reduced the seedling growth of sorghum cultivars. The growth responses of sorghum cultivars toward Cr3+ stress showed differences both on stage of the germination and early seedling. Based on the average of STI value, four sorghum cultivars (Badik, Keris, Keris M3 and Numbu) were classified as very strong tolerant, 4 cultivars (Hegari, Mandau, Sangkur and Gambela) were categorized as moderate tolerant, two cultivars (UPCA and Selayer) were weak tolerant, and 2 cultivars (Kawali and Batari) were sensitive ones, under stress condition of Cr3+.The results of this study are expected to provide the scientific basis of the physiological and tolerance responses of sorghum cultivars toward Cr3+ stress condition.</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Kasmiyati, S., Santosa, S., Priyambada, I., Dewi, K., Sucahyo, S., & Sandradewi, R. (2016). Growth Response of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Cultivars to Trivalent Chromium Stress. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education</em>, 8(1), 71-84.</p>