SANDIPAN GOSWAMI

Refer to book “Computer Aided Highway Engineering” for full text, Publisher: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, and download / install software HEADS Pro from website: www.techsoftglobal.com

HEADS Pro features for Traverse coordinates with closing error correction by Bowditch, Transit & Close Link methods, EDM Survey, Coordinate Transformation from WGS84 to Lambert Conformal Conic Projection (Long Lat to East North) and the reverse with Spheroid Everest 1956. This enables to install Survey reference pillars along the proposed site for their reference during the construction. Processing by using Google Earth Satellite images and downloaded ground elevation data by Global Mapper for producing the best possible design.

HEADS Pro is powerful for design of highways with single/multiple cross sections and single/multiple alignments, where the road cross sections may change with different configuration and with the change in widening pattern from Left to right to concentric along the route from origin to destination. The design has special treatment in hill stretches. Provision for tunnels is also possible with very special design techniques.

Engineering text books should not only be for class room purposes rather they should be useful for industrial applications too. The procedure and example of detail engineering design must be described in step wise manner, so that working engineers should develop highest level of confidence on their work. The book chapters must be connected with industrial software for analysis, design, drawings, construction, maintenance.

The engineering software products are to assist working engineers.
Product Website: www.techsoftglobal.com
Tutorial Website: www.roadbridgedesign.com
Tutorial Videos: Channel "TECHSOFT FORUM" on YouTube.
Email: techsoft@consultant.com
Contact +91 9331 9330 39

Softwares for Planning, Design, Estimation, Construction, Operations and Maintenance of Infrastructure Development projects at a most reasonable cost to help engineers.

1. ASTRA Pro – Standard for Bridges includes Underpass, Box culvert, Pipe culvert, Slab culvert, Stream Hydrology – adequacy of waterway, Hydraulic calculations for Silt factor, Scour depth, Foundation depth etc.

2. ASTRA Pro – Express for Bridges and Structures includes Multi storied Building, Tunnel structural design based on RMR for Rock Bolting-Grouting-Shotcrete, Lining by Wire mesh and Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Analysis and design of Reinforced Earth (RE) Wall, Jetty, Power Transmission Line Towers/Industrial Machine Foundations.

3. ASTRA Pro – Premium includes all of Bridges and Structures mentioned above along with Bridge Geometry on straight or curved alignments and Balanced Cantilever Bridge as special feature.

4. HEADS Pro – for detail engineering design estimation and drawings of Highway / Rural Roads / Hill Roads / Traffic Intersections /Interchanges/ Bituminous & Concrete Pavement, Land Acquisition Record Management / Topographic Survey/Satellite Applications.

5. TransPlan – Featuring Analysis for Signalized Intersection Capacity, Classified Present and Future Traffic, Traffic Projections in terms of ADT/AADT/PCU, Level of Service, Computation of ESAL-MSA, Economic & Financial Analysis, Toll-Rate Computation, Road Asset Management.

6. HEADS Rail – For the design estimation and construction drawings of Railway, Metro Rail, Mono Rail, Processing of Topographic and Cross Section Survey data, Satellite Applications for Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Route Alignment and Track Design-Double Tracking including Points, Crossings and Rail Yards.

7. HEADS Site – Irrigation features for Water Resources / Hydraulic Structures / Irrigation Canals / Flood Control/Pre and Post work Estimation of De-Siltation by Dredging, Design of Earthen Dam with Slope Stability of Earthen Dyke, Gravity Dam, Water Discharge Measurements at reservoir by satellite applications, Stream Hydrology for Flood Assessment and control

8. HEADS Site – Infra features for Drainage Design/Water Distribution System/Pipe Network/Land Record Management

9. HEADS Site – Mining features for Topographic Survey/Digital Terrain Model (DTM)/Contours/Traverse Survey/Open Pit Excavation Quantity/Stock Pile Quantity/Satellite Application/Land Record & Drawing Management.

10. HEADS Site – Survey features for Traverse Survey, processing Topographic data from Total Station, Auto level, Satellite Applications by Global Maper/ Digital Terrain Model/Triangulation/Contours/ Cross Section/Site Leveling and Grading/Land Record Management/Excavation and Stockpile Quantity.

11. HEADS Site - Tunnel features for design of Tunnels for Roads and Railways including processing Trimble Robot Total Station data and Topographic data from Total Station or Satellite Applications by
GlobalMaper.

The procedure for full scale load testing of bridge superstructure is discussed in this article and that includes recommendations for the acceptance criteria. Now-a-days the bridge load testing is considered as a routine requirement across the world, to meet the requirement of the designs, constructional quality of forthcoming bridge structures and as an acceptance test conforming to the provisions of the standard Code. The purpose of the load test is mainly to assess the flexural capacity, and the required parameters can be measured directly and accurately. The bridge deck-girder superstructures are rarely tested for shear strength evaluation due to absence of any reliable method. The load testing envisaged in general is only for assessing the strength and evaluating the load carrying capacity for purposes of rating. Whereas, the load testing, that is discussed here is for assessing the behaviour of a bridge by application of design live loads over a period of 24 hours for confirmation of the elastic performance of the superstructure. This discussion deals with 'Proof Load Test' which covers testing of superstructures , excluding arches for evaluation of their flexural capacity and the shear capacity is not considered. This test is not intended to assess ultimate load carrying capacity of bridge deck-girder superstructure. Unless specified otherwise, the details of the method shall generally follow the recommendations given in this article.

Road safety and accidents is a burning social issue at present time and this book is for identifying the root causes of the issues and taking countermeasures for resolving the issues, by the governments, private sector and NGOs. This article has discussed about the relevance of ISO and Safety Audit in implementing these systems with various processes involved for improvement of Road Safety in Developed and Developing countries. The international standards in providing and maintaining in road traffic safety ISO 39001,39002 and 39003 are introduced and explained.

By using British Standard Eurocode 2, the design of deck slab and Cantilever Slab are done by calculating bending moments, shear forces, bending resistance in transverse direction, bending resistance in longitudinal direction, checking flexural cracking. The Design of PSC I-Girders is done for Bending moments and Shear forces by Dead Load, Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) and Live Loads (LL). The Shrinkage strain, Creep Strain and effect of Temperature rise and fall are also determined. The design is complete for Pre-stressing cables, End anchorages, un-tensioned reinforcements, End cross girder, Shear connectors. 3.0 General This chapter emphasizes on introducing the typical process of designing deck-girder superstructure of pre-stressed concrete bridge, along with the consideration that a design engineer needs to take through each phases of the design process. A wide range of contents with respect to bridge design process are covered in this chapter. Upon the completion of structural analysis, the bridge will be designed in detail. The step by step procedure of determining the concrete section dimensions, pre-stressing tendon profile, reinforcing bar layout and material properties are specified in this chapter. The initial girder size is usually selected based on past experience. Some engineering departments have a design aid in the form of a table that determines the most likely girder size for each combination of span length and girder spacing. Such tables are developed by using the specific live loading of the relevant Standard Specifications are expected to be applicable to the bridges designed using the standard Specifications. The strand pattern and number of strands was initially determined based on past experience and subsequently refined using a computer design program. This design was refined using trial and error until a pattern produced stresses, at transfer and under service loads that fell within the permissible stress limits and produced load resistances greater than the applied loads under the strength limit states.

Abstract: In the grillage model the bridge deck-girder superstructure is schematized. First, the theoretical principles on which this kind of modeling is based are recalled; the equivalent condition between three-dimensional Beam Elements and corresponding grillage models are imposed through the use of a kinematics and an energetic criterion. Secondly, the same technique is generalized to three-dimensional structures and specialized to the case of cellular decks. For this kind of deck, structural behaviors usually neglected by the current technical approaches, like shear lag, distortion and warping, are considered. The chapter presents the method introducing these effects in a grillage analysis; the method provides a series of criteria with which it’s possible to define the rigidities of the equivalent model. These criteria are applied with finite element solutions. Finally, the application is executed in order to obtain the desired results for forces developed in the nodes/joints and beam elements/members. Note: For any query write to techsoftinfra@gmail.com

The present book belongs to the book series of “Computer Aided Bridge Engineering” for the design of pre-stressed concrete (PSC), I-girder (I-Beam), and PSC box-girder bridges. In this volume, the real project design calculations for a deck-girder superstructure are presented along with the design of an abutment and pier with pile foundation as the bridge substructure.

The book is proposed to be read in association with processing the design work by using the computer software ASTRA Pro as referred to in the book. The book describes two essential facets of the work, which are ‘Analysis of the Grillage Model of the Deck-Girder Superstructure’ and the subsequent ‘Design of Deck Slab and PSC I-Girder’. The software provides three facets of the work: first is the ‘Analysis of the Grillage Model of the Deck-Girder Superstructure’, second is the ‘Design of Deck Slab and PSC I-Girder, Abutment, Piers along with Pile Foundation’, and the third is a ‘Set of Sample Editable CAD Drawings for the work’. The drawings may be modified as per the design work and be submitted as required for the construction. The drawings contain information on dimensions, structural detailing, bar-bending schedules, pre-stressing details and construction guides.

Abstract: Vehicle speed is a daemon in road safety. Accidents on motorways have become a critical concern for the governments of various developed and developing countries. Speed detection and alerting the driver best possible by Intelligent Transport System (ITS). ITS also has capability to take over the speed control of vehicles by using satellite.
Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) uses satellite based GPS technology to indicate to a vehicle about its own location and the speed limits. ‘Active’ ISA then exercises automatic control to the vehicle’s engine and braking system so that the driver cannot exceed the speed limit.
The trials of ISA are under process in the UK, the Netherlands and Sweden. Evaluation of the UK trial indicates that mandatory active ISA could achieve significant annual fuel savings.
There are mainly three speeds related to design and operation of every road, these are, Design Speed (Highest speed used for design of a road), Posted Speed (Allowed maximum speed limit for drivers) and Operating Speed (Normal speed of vehicles on a motorway, which is less than Design speed and the Posted speed).

A serious study is presented in this paper for general public as well as researchers across the world. It is therefore an invaluable document for interested users.

This chapter describes the step wise design procedure for Abutment-Abutment cap-Pile Cap-Piles with structural reinforcement details by describing about the general conditions and common practices, design criteria, bridge length limits, soil conditions, skew angle, Alignment and geometry, grade, girder details, arrangement of piles under pile cap, dynamic loads allowance in pile design, construction sequence, negative moment connection Between the Integral abutment and the superstructure, wing walls, approach Slab, expansion joints and bearing pads.

This chapter describes the step wise design procedure for Abutment-Abutment cap-Pile Cap-Piles with structural reinforcement details by describing about the general conditions and common practices, design criteria, bridge length limits, soil conditions, skew angle, Alignment and geometry, grade, girder details, arrangement of piles under pile cap, dynamic loads allowance in pile design, construction sequence, negative moment connection Between the Integral abutment and the superstructure, wing walls, approach Slab, expansion joints and bearing pads.

By using British Standard Eurocode 2, the design of deck slab and Cantilever Slab are done by calculating bending moments, shear forces, bending resistance in transverse direction, bending resistance in longitudinal direction, checking flexural cracking. The Design of PSC I-Girders is done for Bending moments and Shear forces by Dead Load, Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) and Live Loads (LL). The Shrinkage strain, Creep Strain and effect of Temperature rise and fall are also determined. The design is complete for Pre-stressing cables, End anchorages, un-tensioned reinforcements, End cross girder, Shear connectors. 3.0 General This chapter emphasizes on introducing the typical process of designing deck-girder superstructure of pre-stressed concrete bridge, along with the consideration that a design engineer needs to take through each phases of the design process. A wide range of contents with respect to bridge design process are covered in this chapter. Upon the completion of structural analysis, the bridge will be designed in detail. The step by step procedure of determining the concrete section dimensions, pre-stressing tendon profile, reinforcing bar layout and material properties are specified in this chapter. The initial girder size is usually selected based on past experience. Some engineering departments have a design aid in the form of a table that determines the most likely girder size for each combination of span length and girder spacing. Such tables are developed by using the specific live loading of the relevant Standard Specifications are expected to be applicable to the bridges designed using the standard Specifications. The strand pattern and number of strands was initially determined based on past experience and subsequently refined using a computer design program. This design was refined using trial and error until a pattern produced stresses, at transfer and under service loads that fell within the permissible stress limits and produced load resistances greater than the applied loads under the strength limit states.

In the grillage model the bridge deck-girder superstructure is schematized. First, the theoretical principles on which this kind of modeling is based are recalled; the equivalent condition between three-dimensional Beam Elements and corresponding grillage models are imposed through the use of a kinematics and an energetic criterion. Secondly, the same technique is generalized to three-dimensional structures and specialized to the case of cellular decks. For this kind of deck, structural behaviors usually neglected by the current technical approaches, like shear lag, distortion and warping, are considered. The chapter presents the method introducing these effects in a grillage analysis; the method provides a series of criteria with which it's possible to define the rigidities of the equivalent model. These criteria are applied with finite element solutions. Finally, the application is executed in order to obtain the desired results for forces developed in the nodes/joints and beam elements/members. Note: For any query write to

Abstract:  In the grillage model the bridge deck-girder superstructure is schematized. First, the theoretical principles on which this kind of modeling is based are recalled; the equivalent condition between three-dimensional Beam Elements and corresponding grillage models are imposed through the use of a kinematics and an energetic criterion. Secondly, the same technique is generalized to three-dimensional structures and specialized to the case of cellular decks. For this kind of deck, structural behaviors usually neglected by the current technical approaches, like shear lag, distortion and warping, are considered. The chapter presents the method introducing these effects in a grillage analysis; the method provides a series of criteria with which it’s possible to define the rigidities of the equivalent model. These criteria are applied with finite element solutions. Finally, the application is executed in order to obtain the desired results for forces developed in the nodes/joints and beam elements/members. Note: For any query write to techsoftinfra@gmail.com

The book ‘Computer Aided Bridge Engineering’ is for ‘Detail Design of PSC I-Girder and Box-Girder Bridge Superstructure, Integral Bridge Abutments, Piers along with Foundations’.


By using AASHTO-LRFD Standard, British Standard Eurocode II and IRC (Indian Roads Congress) Standard, the design of deck slab and Cantilever Slab are done by calculating bending moments, shear forces, bending resistance in transverse direction, bending resistance in longitudinal direction, checking flexural cracking. The Design of PSC I-Girders is done for Bending moments and Shear forces by Dead Load, Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) and Live Loads (LL). The Shrinkage strain, Creep Strain and effect of Temperature rise and fall are also determined. The design is complete for Pre-stressing cables, End anchorages, un-tensioned reinforcements, End cross girder, Shear connectors.

The book series ‘Computer Aided Bridge Engineering’ is intended to cover bridge design procedure for various bridge types in a series of volumes for various types of highway bridges. This is because the detail engineering design for every bridge type is significantly large.

The current volume of book contains, Detail Design of Pre-stressed Concrete I-Girder Bridge Deck-Girder Superstructure including the detail design of integral Bridge Abutments on Pile Foundations, detail design of Bridge Piers on Pile Foundations, Detail Design of Pre-stressed Concrete Box Girder Bridge Superstructure.

The book ‘Computer Aided Bridge Engineering’ is for ‘Detail Design of PSC I-Girder and Box-Girder Bridge Superstructure, Integral Bridge Abutments, Piers along with Foundations’.

By using AASHTO-LRFD Standard, British Standard Eurocode II and IRC (Indian Roads Congress) Standard, the design of deck slab and Cantilever Slab are done by calculating bending moments, shear forces, bending resistance in transverse direction, bending resistance in longitudinal direction, checking flexural cracking. The Design of PSC I-Girders is done for Bending moments and Shear forces by Dead Load, Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) and Live Loads (LL). The Shrinkage strain, Creep Strain and effect of Temperature rise and fall are also determined. The design is complete for Pre-stressing cables, End anchorages, un-tensioned reinforcements, End cross girder, Shear connectors.

The book series ‘Computer Aided Bridge Engineering’ is intended to cover bridge design procedure for various bridge types in a series of volumes for various types of highway bridges. This is because the detail engineering design for every bridge type is significantly large.

The current volume of book contains, Detail Design of Pre-stressed Concrete I-Girder Bridge Deck-Girder Superstructure including the detail design of integral Bridge Abutments on Pile Foundations, detail design of Bridge Piers on Pile Foundations, Detail Design of Pre-stressed Concrete Box Girder Bridge Superstructure.


A question is seen in various technical forums like Research gate, Roads and Bridges etc. in the internet many times that the engineers worldwide asking for complete worked out detail engineering design for various types of Bridges, by referring to design standards of AASHTO-LRFD, BS Eurocode-II, IRC etc. which are the most widespread design standards around the world. Engineers commonly have their own personal worksheet programs that are developed by them over a long spell of time. But the less experienced engineers, university faculties, students are normally found less guided to choose the appropriate option from a wide range of options mentioned in the design standards. It was therefore felt essential to provide the engineers worldwide with a very useful resource as ‘Complete Step-wise Design Procedure on Real Project data’ by following the desired design standard.

For reading resources, find "Book Tutorials >> Computer Aided Highway Engineering"
in the Link as below:
https://www.roadbridgedesign.com/

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https://www.techsoftglobal.com

By using AASHTO-LRFD Standard, the design of deck slab and Cantilever Slab are done by calculating bending moments, shear forces, bending resistance in transverse direction, bending resistance in longitudinal direction, checking flexural cracking. The Design of PSC I-Girders is done for Bending moments and Shear forces by Dead Load, Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) and Live Loads (LL). The Shrinkage strain, Creep Strain and effect of Temperature rise and fall are also determined. The design is complete for Pre-stressing cables, End anchorages, un-tensioned reinforcements, End cross girder, Shear connectors. The values in 'Red Color' are Design Input Data by the User. Note: For any query write to techsoftinfra@gmail.com 2.0 General The span arrangement and configuration should be closely studied first in respect of the site location of the bridge. A bridge crossing over a navigable waterway is very much dictated by the horizontal and vertical clearance required. It is also important to know the soil condition and landscapes (e.g., over water, land, valley, or mountainous area). For segmental concrete bridges uniformity of the span lengths is critical in order to maximize the benefit of pre-casting the segments. The more uniform the span distribution, the more economical the bridge. It is also preferable to have an uneven number of spans from the architectural point of view. A range of 20 to 50 metres for PSC I-Girder and 30 to 60 metres for incremental launched box girders bridges are recommended. It is not recommended to place many piers with short span lengths. Therefore, the number of piers should be reduced and the span length increased. The shape and size of the piers are also important. For shorter span length, the lateral pier dimensions should be slender in order to reduce the wall view effect from an oblique view. For shallow valley, it is important to consider the L/H ratio of the opening between two piers, where L is the span length and H is the pier height. It is preferable to have an L/H ratio equal to or greater than 1.5. The end spans should be less than the typical span length (60% to 80% of typical span length) in order to achieve an efficient design.

By using AASHTO-LRFD Standard, the design of deck slab and Cantilever Slab are done by calculating bending moments, shear forces, bending resistance in transverse direction, bending resistance in longitudinal direction, checking flexural cracking. The Design of PSC I-Girders is done for Bending moments and Shear forces by Dead Load, Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) and Live Loads (LL). The Shrinkage strain, Creep Strain and effect of Temperature rise and fall are also determined. The design is complete for Pre-stressing cables, End anchorages, un-tensioned reinforcements, End cross girder, Shear connectors. The values in 'Red Color' are Design Input Data by the User. Note: For any query write to techsoftinfra@gmail.com 2.0 General The span arrangement and configuration should be closely studied first in respect of the site location of the bridge. A bridge crossing over a navigable waterway is very much dictated by the horizontal and vertical clearance required. It is also important to know the soil condition and landscapes (e.g., over water, land, valley, or mountainous area). For segmental concrete bridges uniformity of the span lengths is critical in order to maximize the benefit of pre-casting the segments. The more uniform the span distribution, the more economical the bridge. It is also preferable to have an uneven number of spans from the architectural point of view. A range of 20 to 50 metres for PSC I-Girder and 30 to 60 metres for incremental launched box girders bridges are recommended. It is not recommended to place many piers with short span lengths. Therefore, the number of piers should be reduced and the span length increased. The shape and size of the piers are also important. For shorter span length, the lateral pier dimensions should be slender in order to reduce the wall view effect from an oblique view. For shallow valley, it is important to consider the L/H ratio of the opening between two piers, where L is the span length and H is the pier height. It is preferable to have an L/H ratio equal to or greater than 1.5. The end spans should be less than the typical span length (60% to 80% of typical span length) in order to achieve an efficient design.

By using British Standard Eurocode 2, the design of deck slab and Cantilever Slab are done by calculating bending moments, shear forces, bending resistance in transverse direction, bending resistance in longitudinal direction, checking flexural cracking. The Design of PSC I-Girders is done for Bending moments and Shear forces by Dead Load, Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) and Live Loads (LL). The Shrinkage strain, Creep Strain and effect of Temperature rise and fall are also determined. The design is complete for Pre-stressing cables, End anchorages, un-tensioned reinforcements, End cross girder, Shear connectors. 3.0 General This chapter emphasizes on introducing the typical process of designing deck-girder superstructure of pre-stressed concrete bridge, along with the consideration that a design engineer needs to take through each phases of the design process. A wide range of contents with respect to bridge design process are covered in this chapter. Upon the completion of structural analysis, the bridge will be designed in detail. The step by step procedure of determining the concrete section dimensions, pre-stressing tendon profile, reinforcing bar layout and material properties are specified in this chapter. The initial girder size is usually selected based on past experience. Some engineering departments have a design aid in the form of a table that determines the most likely girder size for each combination of span length and girder spacing. Such tables are developed by using the specific live loading of the relevant Standard Specifications are expected to be applicable to the bridges designed using the standard Specifications. The strand pattern and number of strands was initially determined based on past experience and subsequently refined using a computer design program. This design was refined using trial and error until a pattern produced stresses, at transfer and under service loads that fell within the permissible stress limits and produced load resistances greater than the applied loads under the strength limit states.

Other books on Pavement Engineering, Road Safety-Intelligent Transport System (ITS)-Green Highways-FASTag, Ground Engineering-Rock Mechanics-Tunnelling, are all in queue, and the dates are not known yet. Many many thanks and loves to you all for giving me the opportunity to share this news....

The book is on industrial project application, with complete coverage on detail engineering design of highways, pavement, intersection, interchanges, drainage etc. details is available at:
https://www.routledge.com/Computer-Aided-Highway-Engineering/Goswami-Sarkar/p/book/9780367493387