Robert Tyler

This paper identifies the Welsh as a distinct ethno-linguistic community in the city of Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio during the late decades of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth. The paper analyses the nature of the Welsh community in the city, assesses the extent of involvement in its cultural expression, and considers socioeconomic improvement as indicated by occupational change. Further, the study considers culture maintenance, and suggests that Welsh ethnic integrity was undermined by a variety of forces, primarily: occupational diversity, bilingualism, high levels of exogamy, and the cessation of immigration from Wales. The article further posits that assimilation was aided by the desire of the Welsh to enter mainstream American society, with some actively abandoning their Old-World characteristics, and the host society's perception, strongly promulgated by Welsh community leaders, that they were ideal immigrants.

This paper provides an analysis of the nature of the Welsh ethnolinguistic community in Blue Earth County, Minnesota, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The study considers culture maintenance, and suggests that Welsh ethnic integrity was initially maintained due to linguistic necessity, high levels of endogamy, occupational specialization, and the creation of popular cultural institutions. Ultimately, however, the community was undermined, not only by economic change, the cessation of immigration from Wales, and the general forces of acculturation, but also by specifically Welsh factors. The paper suggests, therefore, that while the Welsh experience in Blue Earth County differed sharply from that of the other nationalities of the United Kingdom, it did not simply mirror the experience of other non-Anglophone groups.

Welsh immigrants and their children comprised a distinct ethnolinguistic community in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article analyzes the nature of that community and suggests that while ethnic integrity was initially maintained due to linguistic ability, religious adherence, and the creation of popular cultural institutions, it was ultimately undermined, not only by the general forces of acculturation, but also by specifically Welsh factors. While the Welsh experience in Johnstown differed sharply from that undergone by the English, it did not simply mirror that of other non-Anglophone groups.

This article provides an analysis of the nature of the Welsh ethno-linguistic community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The study considers culture maintenance and suggests that Welsh ethnic integrity was undermined by a variety of forces, primarily: occupational diversity, widespread bilingualism, high levels of exogamy, and the cessation of immigration from Wales. The article further posits that assimilation was aided by the desire of the Welsh to join mainstream American society and the generally accepted perception that they were, indeed, ideal immigrants.

ABSTRACT This paper provides an analysis of the nature of the Welsh ethno-linguistic community in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The study considers culture maintenance, and suggests that although Welsh ethnic integrity was initially maintained due to linguistic ability, occupational specialisation and the creation of vibrant cultural institutions, it was undermined by the various forces of acculturation and, ultimately, by high levels of exogamy and the cessation of immigration from Wales.

This article provides an analysis of intragenerational and intergenerational changes in socioeconomic status, as indicated by occupational shifts, in the Welsh ethno-linguistic community in Bangor, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, during the early twentieth century. The study provides a clearer picture than the images promulgated by contemporary Welsh leaders who strove to emphasise the industry and upward mobility of their fellow countrymen. In addition, the article considers the role of occupational concentration in culture maintenance along with other factors such as residential propinquity, language, religious and cultural activities, and exogamy.

This article provides an analysis of the nature of the Welsh ethno-linguistic community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The study considers culture maintenance and suggests that Welsh ethnic integrity was undermined by a variety of forces, primarily: occupational diversity, widespread bilingualism, high levels of exogamy, and the cessation of immigration from Wales. The article further posits that assimilation was aided by the desire of the Welsh to join mainstream American society and the generally accepted perception that they were, indeed, ideal immigrants.

This paper identifies the Welsh as a distinct ethno-linguistic community in the city of Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio during the late decades of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth. The paper analyses the nature of the Welsh community in the city, assesses the extent of involvement in its cultural expression, and considers socioeconomic improvement as indicated by occupational change. Further, the study considers culture maintenance, and suggests that Welsh ethnic integrity was undermined by a variety of forces, primarily: occupational diversity, bilingualism, high levels of exogamy, and the cessation of immigration from Wales. The article further posits that assimilation was aided by the desire of the Welsh to enter mainstream American society, with some actively abandoning their Old-World characteristics, and the host society's perception, strongly promulgated by Welsh community leaders, that they were ideal immigrants.

This paper provides an analysis of the nature of the Welsh ethno-linguistic community in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The study considers culture maintenance, and suggests that although Welsh ethnic integrity was initially maintained due to linguistic ability, occupational specialisation and the creation of vibrant cultural institutions, it was undermined by the various forces of acculturation and, ultimately, by high levels of exogamy and the cessation of immigration from Wales.

Welsh immigrants and their children comprised a distinct ethnolinguistic community in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article analyzes the nature of that community and suggests that while ethnic integrity was initially maintained due to linguistic ability, religious adherence, and the creation of popular cultural institutions, it was ultimately undermined, not only by the general forces of acculturation, but also by specifically Welsh factors. While the Welsh experience in Johnstown differed sharply from that undergone by the English, it did not simply mirror that of other non-Anglophone groups.

A ny study of nineteenth-century emigration from Wales must first acknowledge that Welsh emigrants were relatively few in number. This was due not only to the small size of the Welsh population, which did not register as more than one million until the 1841 UK census, but also to the rate of emigration from Wales, which was significantly lower than that in either England, Scotland, or Ireland. 1 Nevertheless, in recent years the Welsh in the United States have received increasing attention from historians and, quite understandably, these historians have focused on the areas that attracted the greatest concentrations of Welsh people, the mining and metallurgical districts of Pennsylvania and Ohio. 2 Many settlements in New York also attracted significant numbers of Welsh migrants, and studies of such settlements can provide relevant insights into Welsh-American communities and the ways in which they changed. 3 One such settlement

This article provides an analysis of intragenerational and intergenerational changes in socioeconomic status, as indicated by occupational shifts, in the Welsh ethno-linguistic community in Bangor, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, during the early twentieth century. The study provides a clearer picture than the images promulgated by contemporary Welsh leaders who strove to emphasise the industry and upward mobility of their fellow countrymen. In addition, the article considers the role of occupational concentration in culture maintenance along with other factors such as residential propinquity, language, religious and cultural activities, and exogamy.

Through a consideration of residential propinquity, religious and cultural activity, language retention, and levels of exogamy, this article provides a microstudy of the Welsh community in San Francisco and identifies the Welsh as a distinct ethnolinguistic community in the city during the late decades of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth. What was the nature of Welsh immigrant culture, and to what extent were working-class Welsh people involved in its expression? In addition, through an analysis of intragenerational changes in socioeconomic status, as indicated by occupational mobility, the article tests the assumption that the Welsh were prime illustrations of the “American Dream,” thus providing a clearer picture than the images promulgated by contemporary Welsh leaders who strove to emphasize the industry and upward mobility of their fellow countrymen. Did the Welsh as a group occupy a privileged position in the occupational hierarchy, and were they u...

This article quantifies the concentration of Welsh male immigrants in a nineteenth- century Australian gold town within one occupational category (gold mining), and considers the extent to which that concentration was maintained and the relevance of this economic specialisation to culture maintenance. In addition, this study provides an analysis of intragenerational and intergenerational changes in socio-economic status amongst the Welsh,

The adjacent gold mining settlements of Ballarat and Sebastopol in the colony of Victoria are universally acknowledged as the major focal point for Welsh immigrants in Australia in the second half of the nineteenth century. Here, the Welsh had congregated in sufficient numbers to establish an identifiable and highly visible ethnolinguistic community. Factors such as the necessity of acquiring the English language, movement out of the mining industry, high rates of exogamy, the failure to unite within one religious denomination and the conscious desire to integrate into mainstream Australian society, all served to undermine the integrity of that community. This paper argues that the more fundamental issue of residential propinquity was of primary importance in this process; that it was the failure of the Welsh immigrant group to establish and maintain long term exclusively Welsh areas of settlement that ensured the eventual dilution and absorption of the Welsh as a distinct community.

Through a consideration of residential propinquity, religious and cultural activity, language retention, and levels of exogamy, this article provides a microstudy of the Welsh community in San Francisco and identifies the Welsh as a distinct ethnolinguistic community in the city during the late decades of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth. What was the nature of Welsh immigrant culture, and to what extent were working-class Welsh people involved in its expression? In addition, through an analysis of intragenerational changes in socioeconomic status, as indicated by occupational mobility, the article tests the assumption that the Welsh were prime illustrations of the "American Dream," thus providing a clearer picture than the images promulgated by contemporary Welsh leaders who strove to emphasize the industry and upward mobility of their fellow countrymen. Did the Welsh as a group occupy a privileged position in the occupational hierarchy, and were they universally successful in improving on this position?