The need to engage European research and institutions in the new field of Territorial Impact Assessment, from both a methodological and a procedural perspective, was stated some years ago by the ESDP—European Spatial Development... more
The need to engage European research and institutions in the new field of Territorial Impact Assessment, from both a methodological and a procedural perspective, was stated some years ago by the ESDP—European Spatial Development Perspective (CMSP 1999). The necessity of multidimensional evaluation of the likely impact of policies and programmes on the territory—understood as the dimension on which all the other relevant dimensions (economic, social, environmental and cultural) converge and with which they integrate—emerged as a natural consequence of the importance of spatial aspects in the future development of the Union and of widespread preoccupations about certain emerging spatial trends.
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The potential role of cultural heritage in local development has been extensively recognized, both at the academic and institutional level. Its conservation and valorization, however, have been at the center of a lively debate between... more
The potential role of cultural heritage in local development has been extensively recognized, both at the academic and institutional level. Its conservation and valorization, however, have been at the center of a lively debate between those who see preservation policies as a mere moral duty and those who see them as part of a wider forward-looking strategy to support economic evolution and performance. This is especially the case now, with the Covid-19 pandemic casting additional doubts on the most effective schemes to face and overcome the current crisis. Within this context, the present paper aims at discussing the relationship between cultural heritage and local development in an original manner. Overcoming the traditional idea that the linkage takes place merely through touristic activities, this work puts forward the idea that Cultural Heritage represents one of the multiple elements of what is called “territorial capital” (TC), i.e. the set of territorial assets - material and...
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... a confronto Manuela Panzini, La valutazione strategica del piano territoriale di coordinamento provinciale della Provincia di Milano Roberto Camagni, Dario Musolino, Verso una metodologia di Valutazione di impatto territoriale di... more
... a confronto Manuela Panzini, La valutazione strategica del piano territoriale di coordinamento provinciale della Provincia di Milano Roberto Camagni, Dario Musolino, Verso una metodologia di Valutazione di impatto territoriale di politiche, piani e programmi Roberto Camagni ...
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The paper addresses three main issues which require a crucial reform in Italy: the necessity of a new wave of investment in cities and the priority for an institutional reform concerning metropolitan areas; the uncontrolled and... more
The paper addresses three main issues which require a crucial reform in Italy: the necessity of a new wave of investment in cities and the priority for an institutional reform concerning metropolitan areas; the uncontrolled and accelerated pace of land consumption through sprawling settlements in peri-urban and rural areas; the control of land rents and a fair distribution of surplus values deriving from urban transformation between the private and the public spheres. The three issues are strictly interwoven, as an increase in taxation on urban development and transformation rents may help restoring the equilibrium in local public budgets, reducing the ‘fatal attraction’ for un-necessary urbanization and supporting new public investments in cities. On the other hand, reducing urban sprawl through effective wide area planning may increase spatial efficiency and urban quality, relaunching competitiveness, economic growth fiscal resources. Unfortunately, what could be a virtuous cycle ...
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The standard neoclassical urban economic theory posits that agglomeration economies drive the emergence and the long-run success of cities, as well as their decline, when agglomeration economies turn into diseconomies of urban size. In... more
The standard neoclassical urban economic theory posits that agglomeration economies drive the emergence and the long-run success of cities, as well as their decline, when agglomeration economies turn into diseconomies of urban size. In this paper, we want to overcome this simplistic approach to urban performance, by claiming that not only large cities present decreasing returns; also second-rank cities show a similar law, which however manifests itself through specificities typical of small cities. The existence of one single optimal city size for all cities is thus refused; as the empirical analysis shows, in second-rank cities agglomeration diseconomies are achieved for smaller sizes compared with first-rank cities. Moreover, in this paper we claim that when agglomeration diseconomies are achieved by cities, they can be turned into agglomeration economies through the reorganization of urban activities towards higher value-added functions and through networking, as theoretically cl...
Up to the start of the present economic crisis (2008), Europe was characterized by a clear trend of convergence in the GDP level of European countries, which was able to counterbalance the opposite trend in intra-national disparities that... more
Up to the start of the present economic crisis (2008), Europe was characterized by a clear trend of convergence in the GDP level of European countries, which was able to counterbalance the opposite trend in intra-national disparities that took place in many countries – namely those with a more recent accession to the Union. The economic downturn of the last years, however, has brought this process of convergence to a halt, mainly as a consequence of the tight austerity policies imposed to many southern European countries. This evidence, recognized by the European Union in the last Cohesion Report (“the crisis has reversed the process of convergence of regional GDP per head and unemployment within the EU”) brought to the fore the relevance of macroeconomic policies in regional development. Therefore in this paper, with the help of a newly built macroeconomic and regional forecasting model (MASST), the future of regional convergence / divergence in the EU is explored through four scen...
... ROBERTO CAMAGNI E SILVANA LOMBARdO e strutturale, poichè non scaturisce come specificazione di un Piano sovraor-dinato, né è un semplice strumento di coordinamento di piani comunali, ma è uno strumento costruito nella sua autonomia... more
... ROBERTO CAMAGNI E SILVANA LOMBARdO e strutturale, poichè non scaturisce come specificazione di un Piano sovraor-dinato, né è un semplice strumento di coordinamento di piani comunali, ma è uno strumento costruito nella sua autonomia a-scalare in cui trovano ...
The article offers some reflections on the important changes that local development has experienced along the last decades. In particular, it emphasizes the strong and increasing presence of uncertainties and the complex character of the... more
The article offers some reflections on the important changes that local development has experienced along the last decades. In particular, it emphasizes the strong and increasing presence of uncertainties and the complex character of the ac- tual urban and territorial problems. All this must be confronted to the requirements of governability, the importance of institutions and social co-operation. The article un-
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An interesting part of the present scientific debate in urban economics concerns the appropriateness of some theoretical —and consequently empirical— definitions of the city and its role, underlining the reductive character of purely... more
An interesting part of the present scientific debate in urban economics concerns the appropriateness of some theoretical —and consequently empirical— definitions of the city and its role, underlining the reductive character of purely functional approaches in terms of agglomeration economies. Many scientific achievements have been attained exploiting the virtues of these approaches, residing in their strong internal consistency (within their logical assumptions) and sophisticated formalization. What appears to be left is the inspection of the true nature of cities, going far beyond their agglomerated physical form and the consequent benefits on transactions and communications. The paper suggests that the geographical-functional approach should be complemented by two other approaches, implicit in classical economics and in evolutionary economic theory, which allow the inspection and (perhaps) a proper interpretation of other constituents of the nature of cities: what I call the relati...
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La citta nell’economia urbana: requisiti, risultati acquisiti e nuovi contenuti empirici (di Urban Roberto Camagni) - ABSTRACT: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale Politecnico di Milano* (Paper first received, November 2006; in final... more
La citta nell’economia urbana: requisiti, risultati acquisiti e nuovi contenuti empirici (di Urban Roberto Camagni) - ABSTRACT: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Gestionale Politecnico di Milano* (Paper first received, November 2006; in final form, June 2007) Abstract JEL-classification codes: R0; R10; R2 The city in urban economics: requirements, results achieved and new empirical contents The paper considers two themes: the necessary requirements for a modern and critical economic theorisation of the city, and new empirical interpretations of the city in search of proper consideration in a theoretical framework. In regard to the first theme, the paper proposes a theoretical system based on the principles and the doctrine of classical political economy, enriched with some new theorisations that have more recently produced a non-neoclassical interpretation of economic space using a cognitive approach namely, the interpretation of the city as an innovation and knowledge milieu. In regard to the second theme, the paper presents some new interpretations of the city: such as the city as a node of global networks or as the locus of creativity.
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The article offers some reflections on the important changes that local development has experienced along the last decades. In particular, it emphasizes the strong and increasing presence of uncertainties and the complex character of the... more
The article offers some reflections on the important changes that local development has experienced along the last decades. In particular, it emphasizes the strong and increasing presence of uncertainties and the complex character of the actual urban and territorial problems. All this must be confronted to the requirements of governability, the importance of institutions and social co-operation. The article underline some positive aspects of the innovative milieux as an example of creating «social capital», this concept particularly understood as «relationships capital». The final section of the article emphasizes the advantages of the urban strategic plans, built through very participative processes aiming to get cooperation agreements between the economic agents, the citizens and the local authorities. According to the author, the urban strategic plans are an excellent instrument leading to new forms of self-organization and better governability because it helps the city, the citizens and not only the local administration to be placed into the center of the decision processes and the local transformations.
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espanolEn este articulo se construye una definicion de desarrollo urbano sostenible como proceso de coevolucion y de integracion sinergica entre los tres subsistemas que constituyen la ciudad: el economico, el social y el fisico... more
espanolEn este articulo se construye una definicion de desarrollo urbano sostenible como proceso de coevolucion y de integracion sinergica entre los tres subsistemas que constituyen la ciudad: el economico, el social y el fisico ambiental, y se definen nuevos principios para alcanzar esta integracion positiva. Se exploran, asi, las variables dignas de observacion: la dimension absoluta de la ciudad, la densidad, la forma de las instalaciones, la mezcla de funciones y de clases sociales. Uno de los elementos mas importantes que surgen del analisis lo constituyen las irreversibilidades. En el articulo se muestra como es posible que estas se manifiesten y que lleven a la ciudad a lo lago de un recorrido irreversiblemente no sostenible. EnglishIn the article we construct a definition of sustainable urban development as a process of co-evolution and synergic integration between the three subsystems that make up the city: the economic, the social and the physical environment;and new principles are defined to achieve this positive integration. In this way, we examine such noteworthy variables as the ab- solute dimension of the city, density, the nature of the amenities, and the mixture of functions and social classes. lrreversibiiity represents one of the most significant factors stemming from the analysis. In the article we show how it is possible for this to be manifestad and for it to take the city along an irreversible unsustainable path.
Es proposen tres escenaris posteriors a la crisi, que tenen com a punt de partida les tensions que han caracteritzat l’economia mundial en els ultims anys i que son, en gran majoria, responsables de la crisi actual. Es considera que la... more
Es proposen tres escenaris posteriors a la crisi, que tenen com a punt de partida les tensions que han caracteritzat l’economia mundial en els ultims anys i que son, en gran majoria, responsables de la crisi actual. Es considera que la manera en que es perceben els canvis estructurals conseguents i s’ajusten les politiques constitueix el principal factor responsable de les diferencies entre els tres escenaris presentats.
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This paper presents conceptual and empirical reasons for moving from a thematically-regionally neutral innovation policy to a thematically and regionally focused innovation policy, in line with the smart specialization approach of the new... more
This paper presents conceptual and empirical reasons for moving from a thematically-regionally neutral innovation policy to a thematically and regionally focused innovation policy, in line with the smart specialization approach of the new cohesion policy framework. The paper starts by claiming that the pathways towards innovation and modernization are differentiated among regions according to local specificities. In fact, territorial innovation patterns exist, that differ one another in terms of the different modes of combining knowledge and innovation, due to different territorial (context) conditions that support the creation / diffusion of knowledge and innovation. A single overall strategy is likely to be unfit to provide the right stimuli and incentives instead on these different territorial innovation patterns that thematically/regionally focused, ad-hoc, innovation policies have to be built. Two main kinds of policies can be foreseen; policies for the reinforcement of territorial innovation patterns, devoted to the enhancement of the virtuous aspects that characterise a pattern, with the aim to reinforce its efficiency, and evolutionary policies, devoted instead to stimulate the most dynamic regions belonging to a pattern to move to a new and more efficient one. The paper goes in depth in suggesting which policies should be developed.
... Le ragioni del piano: perché il divorzio fra liberalismo e pianificazione è insostenibile. Titolo Rivista: SCIENZE REGIONALI. Autori/Curatori: Roberto Camagni. Anno di pubblicazione: 2008 Fascicolo: 1 Lingua: Acquista qui!... more
... Le ragioni del piano: perché il divorzio fra liberalismo e pianificazione è insostenibile. Titolo Rivista: SCIENZE REGIONALI. Autori/Curatori: Roberto Camagni. Anno di pubblicazione: 2008 Fascicolo: 1 Lingua: Acquista qui! Informazioni sulla Rivista. ...
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The main goal of this paper is to build after-the-crisis scenarios for European regions, using both qualitative reflections and a “quantitative foresight” methodology created by the authors (Capello et al. 2008), and referring in... more
The main goal of this paper is to build after-the-crisis scenarios for European regions, using both qualitative reflections and a “quantitative foresight” methodology created by the authors (Capello et al. 2008), and referring in particular to globalization processes, role of emerging economies, energy trends and new roles of rural areas.