Abstract The paper presents ongoing work on the design of a Web-based framework for cooperative document understanding. The authors begin by exposing their motivations for designing a new document understanding environment. They then... more
Abstract The paper presents ongoing work on the design of a Web-based framework for cooperative document understanding. The authors begin by exposing their motivations for designing a new document understanding environment. They then describe the different levels of cooperation they intend to support and how Web technologies can help in this respect. Finally, the authors present Edelweiss, the framework we currently being developing based on this approach
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Abstract Although the HCI research community has contributed a number of metaphors, interaction techniques and layout algorithms to improve window management tasks, most of these ended as prototypes and only a few were implemented in real... more
Abstract Although the HCI research community has contributed a number of metaphors, interaction techniques and layout algorithms to improve window management tasks, most of these ended as prototypes and only a few were implemented in real window managers. In this paper, we present Ametista, a mini-toolkit designed to facilitate the exploration of new window management techniques using both low-fidelity prototyping and a high-fidelity approach based on X Window application redirection.
Figure 1. Images from an early MirrorSpace concept video (August 2002). or emotions, for example, are difficult to share unless the two partners are close. Existing systems for video-mediated communication fail to take proxemics into... more
Figure 1. Images from an early MirrorSpace concept video (August 2002). or emotions, for example, are difficult to share unless the two partners are close. Existing systems for video-mediated communication fail to take proxemics into account. Although some of the people who design the systems understand the importance of proxemics, they fail to give it much consideration or to provide the support it requires. Systems are usually designed for a specific task, corresponding to a certain interpersonal distance.
I first got interested in media spaces in 1995 when I was asked to design the user interface of an analog audio-video system at Paris-Sud University. Having since designed, implemented and used various other systems inspired by early... more
I first got interested in media spaces in 1995 when I was asked to design the user interface of an analog audio-video system at Paris-Sud University. Having since designed, implemented and used various other systems inspired by early media spaces, I have witnessed the transitions from analog to digital, and from office settings do domestic ones. This chapter describes what I learned from media spaces in this context, how I built upon them, and what I think remains to be done.
ABSTRACT This paper presents The Pit, a group communication device designed to support informal meetings. The Pit complements the traditional videoconferencing systems that support more formal meetings. It combines audio and video... more
ABSTRACT This paper presents The Pit, a group communication device designed to support informal meetings. The Pit complements the traditional videoconferencing systems that support more formal meetings. It combines audio and video transmissions with an original design to support teleconviviality, the emergence of a relaxed atmosphere well adapted to distributed informal communication. KEYWORDS: Videoconferencing, informal group communication, teleconviviality
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Résumé Quarante ans après le lancement du Picturephone d'AT&T, les systèmes de communication vidéo sont encore généralement présentés comme l'outil de communication idéal mais ont toujours du mal à s' imposer dans le monde du travail.... more
Résumé Quarante ans après le lancement du Picturephone d'AT&T, les systèmes de communication vidéo sont encore généralement présentés comme l'outil de communication idéal mais ont toujours du mal à s' imposer dans le monde du travail. Dans cet article, nous ne nous intéressons pas aux raisons de cet échec mais plutôt au but implicite et rarement remis en cause de ce type de système et de nombreuses autres technologies de communication: reproduire les conditions d'une communication face à face.
Abstract Twenty years after the general adoption of overlapping windows and the desktop metaphor, modern window systems differ mainly in minor details such as window decorations or mouse and keyboard bindings. While a number of innovative... more
Abstract Twenty years after the general adoption of overlapping windows and the desktop metaphor, modern window systems differ mainly in minor details such as window decorations or mouse and keyboard bindings. While a number of innovative window management techniques have been proposed, few of them have been evaluated and fewer have made their way into real systems.
ABSTRACT The communication infrastructure around us is a rich but fragmented environment made of separated services corresponding to different levels of engagement. The multiscale approach to communication proposes instead to create... more
ABSTRACT The communication infrastructure around us is a rich but fragmented environment made of separated services corresponding to different levels of engagement. The multiscale approach to communication proposes instead to create systems that support a variable degree of engagement and smooth transitions between degrees. This paper reports on the design and evaluation of such a system called Pêle-Mêle.
Media spaces were designed to support informal as well as formal communication among remote users. We believe that these systems must be integrated into existing environments in a lightweight way, blending support for collaboration with... more
Media spaces were designed to support informal as well as formal communication among remote users. We believe that these systems must be integrated into existing environments in a lightweight way, blending support for collaboration with the user's existing computer environment. This demonstration presents videoSpace, a software toolkit that facilitates the integration of live video into documents and applications.
Abstract This chapter addresses the use of the Web as a platform for developing mediaspaces; environments that combine audio, video and computing to support distributed groups in their daily tasks. It does not focus on transmission... more
Abstract This chapter addresses the use of the Web as a platform for developing mediaspaces; environments that combine audio, video and computing to support distributed groups in their daily tasks. It does not focus on transmission quality, latency, or packet losses. Instead, it shows how Web standards and protocols can be used to create a software infrastructure and user interfaces that offer accessibility as well as privacy.
Trouvez le mot “fonctionnement”... Un système interactif est un système dont le fonctionnement dépend d'informations fournies par un environnement externe qu'il ne contrôle pas [Weg97]. Les systèmes interactifs sont également appelés... more
Trouvez le mot “fonctionnement”... Un système interactif est un système dont le fonctionnement dépend d'informations fournies par un environnement externe qu'il ne contrôle pas [Weg97]. Les systèmes interactifs sont également appelés ouverts, par opposition aux systèmes fermés-ou autonomes-dont le fonctionnement peut être entièrement décrit par des algorithmes.
Notre travail de recherche en Interaction Homme Machine nous conduit à imaginer sans cesse différentes formes d'interaction entre l'homme et la machine ou entre les hommes via les machines. Les boîtes à outils disponibles pour la... more
Notre travail de recherche en Interaction Homme Machine nous conduit à imaginer sans cesse différentes formes d'interaction entre l'homme et la machine ou entre les hommes via les machines. Les boîtes à outils disponibles pour la construction d'interfaces sont généralement basées sur les primitives graphiques des systèmes de fenêtrage sous-jacents (X, Macintosh ou Windows).
Abstract Technology allows users to interact with a wide variety of information and services. However, more and more users need to integrate complementary content to previously accessed information. Crossmedia applications combine... more
Abstract Technology allows users to interact with a wide variety of information and services. However, more and more users need to integrate complementary content to previously accessed information. Crossmedia applications combine different information pieces, which are stored in different media, as a continuous story. Our study selects the particular case of combining printed material and internet resources for the purpose of delivering complementary information to users.
Abstract Surfpad is a pointing facilitation technique that operates in the tactile domain by taking advantage of the ability to alter a touchpad's coefficient of friction. We report on two experiments comparing it to the semantic pointing... more
Abstract Surfpad is a pointing facilitation technique that operates in the tactile domain by taking advantage of the ability to alter a touchpad's coefficient of friction. We report on two experiments comparing it to the semantic pointing technique and constant control-display gain with and without distractor targets. Our results clearly show the limits of traditional target-aware gain adaptation in the latter case, and the benefits of our tactile approach in both cases.
Although communication technologies have never been so prevalent in our daily lives, most of them still focus on short, synchronous, highly-engaged and one-to-one communications. For several years now, we have been exploring the design of... more
Although communication technologies have never been so prevalent in our daily lives, most of them still focus on short, synchronous, highly-engaged and one-to-one communications. For several years now, we have been exploring the design of new systems that would support more diverse forms of communication. Greatly inspired by previous works on mediaspaces [1, 7], we particularly focused on innovative uses of video in this context (eg [8]).
Abstract This paper presents the< i> well</i>, a group communication device designed to support informal meetings. The well complements the traditional videoconferencing systems that support more formal meetings. It combines audio and... more
Abstract This paper presents the< i> well</i>, a group communication device designed to support informal meetings. The well complements the traditional videoconferencing systems that support more formal meetings. It combines audio and video transmissions with an original design to support< i> teleconviviality</i>, the emergence of a relaxed and joyful atmosphere well adapted to distributed informal communication.
RESUME L'infrastructure de communication qui nous environne est riche mais fragmentée. Elle est composée de services séparés correspondanta différents niveaux d'engagement. L'approche multi-échelles de la communication proposea l'inverse... more
RESUME L'infrastructure de communication qui nous environne est riche mais fragmentée. Elle est composée de services séparés correspondanta différents niveaux d'engagement. L'approche multi-échelles de la communication proposea l'inverse de créer des systemes qui supportent un degré variable d'engagement et des transitions fluides entre les degrés. Cet article décrit la conception et l'évaluation d'un tel systeme, Pêle-Mêle.
RESUME Cet article décrit une nouvelle approche au problème de la communication gestuelle dans les collecticiels. Cette approche est basée sur l'utilisation comme télépointeur de l'image de la main de l'utilisateur filmée en temps réel et... more
RESUME Cet article décrit une nouvelle approche au problème de la communication gestuelle dans les collecticiels. Cette approche est basée sur l'utilisation comme télépointeur de l'image de la main de l'utilisateur filmée en temps réel et détourée par un procédé de chroma-keying. Le résultat de cette technique est que les utilisateurs peuvent communiquer par gestes plus efficacement qu'avec des télépointeurs traditionnels.
Résumé: Twenty years after the general adoption of overlapping windows and the desktop metaphor, modern window systems differ mainly in minor details. While a number of innovative window management techniques have been proposed, few of... more
Résumé: Twenty years after the general adoption of overlapping windows and the desktop metaphor, modern window systems differ mainly in minor details. While a number of innovative window management techniques have been proposed, few of them have been evaluated and fewer have made their way into real systems. In this paper, we present Metisse, a fully functional window system specifically created to facilitate the design, the implementation and the evaluation of innovative window management techniques.
RÉSUMÉ Les mediaspaces sont une forme particulière de collecticiel centrée sur la communication entre individus. Nous nous intéressons aux possibilités offertes par ce type de système pour supporter un spectre plus large d'activités... more
RÉSUMÉ Les mediaspaces sont une forme particulière de collecticiel centrée sur la communication entre individus. Nous nous intéressons aux possibilités offertes par ce type de système pour supporter un spectre plus large d'activités coopératives que nous appelons collaboration médiatisée. Nous dégageons, à l'aide d'un scénario, les caractéristiques fondamentales de cette forme de collaboration, puis nous les opposons à celles des mediaspaces traditionnels.
RESUME La quantité et la diversité des données informatiques que nous produisons, recevons ou téléchargeons quotidiennement sont aujourd'hui incompatibles avec les outils mis à notre disposition pour les gérer. Dans cet article, nous... more
RESUME La quantité et la diversité des données informatiques que nous produisons, recevons ou téléchargeons quotidiennement sont aujourd'hui incompatibles avec les outils mis à notre disposition pour les gérer. Dans cet article, nous présentons une nouvelle approche de la gestion de ces données familières qui vise à tirer parti de la mémoire épisodique de l'utilisateur.
ABSTRACT Forty years after AT&T's Picturephone, video is still mainly considered as a way to enhance audio communication in an attempt to reproduce face-to-face conditions. In a 1992 paper, Hollan and Stornetta argued that we should... more
ABSTRACT Forty years after AT&T's Picturephone, video is still mainly considered as a way to enhance audio communication in an attempt to reproduce face-to-face conditions. In a 1992 paper, Hollan and Stornetta argued that we should develop communication tools that go beyond being there. In this paper, I discuss two different interpretations of their analysis. I then propose the concept of multiscale communication system as an alternative approach for motivating further video-mediated communication research.
ABSTRACT The Web is changing. It is becoming more dynamic, interactive, and tailorable. But can it be used for interpersonal communication? This paper addresses the use of the Web for image-based synchronous communication between distant... more
ABSTRACT The Web is changing. It is becoming more dynamic, interactive, and tailorable. But can it be used for interpersonal communication? This paper addresses the use of the Web for image-based synchronous communication between distant users. It does not focus on transmission quality, latency, or packet losses. Instead, it shows how the Web can be used to support informal video communication and to address accessibility and privacy issues. Keywords: Informal video communication, accessibility, privacy, Web.
Abstract This paper describes a software component and several interaction techniques enabling existing non-modified desktop applications to be used by several users on a tabletop system. We describe our software implementation, design to... more
Abstract This paper describes a software component and several interaction techniques enabling existing non-modified desktop applications to be used by several users on a tabletop system. We describe our software implementation, design to redirect X Window applications to tabletop using the Metisse server and the DiamondSpin toolkit.
RESUME La proximité physique entre individus est une forme de communication non-verbale que nous utilisons tous les jours sans même en être conscient. Pourtant, les systèmes de communication vidéo ne la prennent que très faiblement en... more
RESUME La proximité physique entre individus est une forme de communication non-verbale que nous utilisons tous les jours sans même en être conscient. Pourtant, les systèmes de communication vidéo ne la prennent que très faiblement en compte.
Abstract The 1€ filter (" one Euro filter") is a simple algorithm to filter noisy signals for high precision and responsiveness. It uses a first order low-pass filter with an adaptive cutoff frequency: at low speeds, a low cutoff... more
Abstract The 1€ filter (" one Euro filter") is a simple algorithm to filter noisy signals for high precision and responsiveness. It uses a first order low-pass filter with an adaptive cutoff frequency: at low speeds, a low cutoff stabilizes the signal by reducing jitter, but as speed increases, the cutoff is increased to reduce lag. The algorithm is easy to implement, uses very few resources, and with two easily understood parameters, it is easy to tune.
Abstract Transfer functions are the only pointing facilitation technique actually used in modern graphical interfaces involving the indirect control of an on-screen cursor. But despite their general use, very little is known about them.... more
Abstract Transfer functions are the only pointing facilitation technique actually used in modern graphical interfaces involving the indirect control of an on-screen cursor. But despite their general use, very little is known about them. We present EchoMouse, a device we created to characterize the transfer functions of any system, and libpointing, a toolkit that we developed to replicate and compare the ones used by Windows, OS X and Xorg.
ABSTRACT This paper describes videoSpace, a software toolkit designed to facilitate the integration of live video into existing or new applications for the purpose of supporting collaborative activities. The first goal of videoSpace is to... more
ABSTRACT This paper describes videoSpace, a software toolkit designed to facilitate the integration of live video into existing or new applications for the purpose of supporting collaborative activities. The first goal of videoSpace is to promote the development of collaborative environments where communi-cation facilities are embedded in the applications rather than provided as separate applications.
ABSTRACT Forty years after AT&T's PicturePhone, most video communication systems are still designed as augmented telephones that aim at reproducing face-to-face communication. In this paper, I discuss this implicit and hardly questioned... more
ABSTRACT Forty years after AT&T's PicturePhone, most video communication systems are still designed as augmented telephones that aim at reproducing face-to-face communication. In this paper, I discuss this implicit and hardly questioned goal. I propose the concept of multiscale communication systems as an alternative approach to computer-mediated communication. The paper presents the multiscale approach, three systems that illustrate it and some directions for future work.
ABSTRACT One of the advantages of video over audio for mediated communication is the ability to transmit non-verbal information. Physical proximity to other people is a form of non-verbal communication that we all employ everyday,... more
ABSTRACT One of the advantages of video over audio for mediated communication is the ability to transmit non-verbal information. Physical proximity to other people is a form of non-verbal communication that we all employ everyday, although we are barely aware of it. Yet, existing systems for video-mediated communication fail to fully take into account these proxemics aspects of communication.
Abstract Over the last forty years, a number of audiovisual systems have been proposed to allow people to communicate over distance. However, although these systems have greatly improved in their ability to support formal meetings, they... more
Abstract Over the last forty years, a number of audiovisual systems have been proposed to allow people to communicate over distance. However, although these systems have greatly improved in their ability to support formal meetings, they are still hardly usable for the informal discussions that take place before and after the meeting or during breaks.
Abstract We present the STIMTAC, a touchpad device that supports friction reduction. Contrary to traditional vibrotactile approaches, the STIMTAC provides information passively, acting as a texture display. It does not transfer energy to... more
Abstract We present the STIMTAC, a touchpad device that supports friction reduction. Contrary to traditional vibrotactile approaches, the STIMTAC provides information passively, acting as a texture display. It does not transfer energy to the user but modifies how energy is dissipated within the contact area by a user-initiated friction process. We report on the iterative process that led to the current hardware design and briefly describe the software framework that we are developing to illustrate its potential.
Bly et al. 2 emphasized the importance of placement and physical access to communication devices (such as cameras and monitors) and their integration into work practices. For example, videoconference rooms require users to go into a... more
Bly et al. 2 emphasized the importance of placement and physical access to communication devices (such as cameras and monitors) and their integration into work practices. For example, videoconference rooms require users to go into a dedicated room, explicitly switching between personal and group activities. On the contrary, media spaces tend to augment physical space by integrating devices in the real world and making them instantly and permanently accessible.
Abstract PageLinker is a browser extension that allows to contextualise navigation by linking web pages together and to navigate through a network of related web pages without prior planning. The design is based on extensive interviews... more
Abstract PageLinker is a browser extension that allows to contextualise navigation by linking web pages together and to navigate through a network of related web pages without prior planning. The design is based on extensive interviews with biologists, which highlighted their difficulties finding previously visited web pages. They found current browser tools inadequate, resulting in poorly organised bookmarks and rarely used history lists.
ABSTRACT Experiences in our Micromégas project have shown that a detailed interaction log can be valuable to both users and designers of interactive systems. In this paper, we describe two different attempts at logging traces of Web... more
ABSTRACT Experiences in our Micromégas project have shown that a detailed interaction log can be valuable to both users and designers of interactive systems. In this paper, we describe two different attempts at logging traces of Web activity, the first by instrumenting a specific browser, Camino, and the other by creating a cross-platform Firefox extension. We briefly discuss some of the issues brought by these developments and suggest directions for future work.
Abstract This paper is about MirrorSpace, an interactive video communication system. When you're far away, your own image reflects in it like in a distorting mirror, blurred and imprecise. As you move toward it, however, it becomes... more
Abstract This paper is about MirrorSpace, an interactive video communication system. When you're far away, your own image reflects in it like in a distorting mirror, blurred and imprecise. As you move toward it, however, it becomes clearer and more accurate. By the time you reach it, the reflection is almost perfect, as in a conventional mirror. What you see is not a simple optical reflection but a video image captured, processed, and displayed in real time.
Abstract Pêle-Mêle is a multi-party video communication system that supports a variable degree of engagement. It combines computer vision techniques with spatial and temporal filtering of the video streams and an original layout to... more
Abstract Pêle-Mêle is a multi-party video communication system that supports a variable degree of engagement. It combines computer vision techniques with spatial and temporal filtering of the video streams and an original layout to support synchronous as well as asynchronous forms of communication ranging from casual awareness to focused face-to-face interactions. This note presents the system's design concept and some of its implementation details.
Abstract We present Surfpad, a pointing facilitation technique that does not decrease target distance or increase target width in either control or display space. This new technique operates instead in the tactile domain by taking... more
Abstract We present Surfpad, a pointing facilitation technique that does not decrease target distance or increase target width in either control or display space. This new technique operates instead in the tactile domain by taking advantage of the ability to alter a touchpad's coefficient of friction by means of a squeeze film effect. We report on three experiments comparing Surfpad to the Semantic Pointing technique and constant control-display gain with and without distractor targets.
Abstract Copy and move operations have long been supported by interactive desktops through various means. But the growing number of on-screen objects makes these means harder to use. In this note, we present new tools and techniques to... more
Abstract Copy and move operations have long been supported by interactive desktops through various means. But the growing number of on-screen objects makes these means harder to use. In this note, we present new tools and techniques to enhance the existing ones: a selection, copy and drag history manager; two techniques to expose the user's desk and leaf through stacks of overlapping windows; and a technique that integrates the previous two with conventional drag-and-drop.
Abstract. Peripheral displays allow continuous awareness of information while performing other activities. Monitoring such a display while performing a central task has a cognitive cost that depends on its perceptual salience and the... more
Abstract. Peripheral displays allow continuous awareness of information while performing other activities. Monitoring such a display while performing a central task has a cognitive cost that depends on its perceptual salience and the distraction it causes, ie the amount of attention it attracts away from the user's primary action. This paper considers the particular case of peripheral displays for interpersonal communication.
Abstract Copy-and-paste, one of the fundamental operations of modern userinterfaces, can be performed through various means (eg using the keyboard, mouse-based direct manipulation or menus). When users copy-and-paste between two different... more
Abstract Copy-and-paste, one of the fundamental operations of modern userinterfaces, can be performed through various means (eg using the keyboard, mouse-based direct manipulation or menus). When users copy-and-paste between two different windows, the process is complicated by window management tasks. In this paper, we propose two new window management techniques to facilitate these tasks in the particular case of partially overlapping windows.
Abstract User interfaces are becoming more and more complex. Adaptable and adaptive interfaces have been proposed to address this issue and previous studies have shown that users prefer interfaces that they can adapt to self-adjusting... more
Abstract User interfaces are becoming more and more complex. Adaptable and adaptive interfaces have been proposed to address this issue and previous studies have shown that users prefer interfaces that they can adapt to self-adjusting ones. However, most existing systems provide users with little support for adapting their interfaces. Interface customization techniques are still very primitive and usually constricted to particular applications.
Abstract This paper reports on the design and evaluation of UIMarks, a system that lets users specify on-screen targets and associated actions by means of a graphical marking language. UIMarks supplements traditional pointing by providing... more
Abstract This paper reports on the design and evaluation of UIMarks, a system that lets users specify on-screen targets and associated actions by means of a graphical marking language. UIMarks supplements traditional pointing by providing an alternative mode in which users can quickly activate these marks.
ABSTRACT Forty years after AT&T's Picturephone, video is still mainly considered as a way to enhance audio communication in an attempt to reproduce face-to-face conditions. In a 1992 paper, Hollan and Stornetta argued that we should... more
ABSTRACT Forty years after AT&T's Picturephone, video is still mainly considered as a way to enhance audio communication in an attempt to reproduce face-to-face conditions. In a 1992 paper, Hollan and Stornetta argued that we should develop communication tools that go beyond being there. In this paper, we discuss two different interpretations of their analysis.
This paper describes videoSpace, a software toolkit designed to facilitate the integration of image streams into existing or new documents and applications to support new forms of human-computer interaction and collaborative activities.... more
This paper describes videoSpace, a software toolkit designed to facilitate the integration of image streams into existing or new documents and applications to support new forms of human-computer interaction and collaborative activities. In this perspective, videoSpace is not focused on performance or reliability issues, but rather on the ability to support rapid prototyping and incremental development of video applications.
Physical proximity to other people is a form of non-verbal communication that we all employ everyday, although we are barely aware of it. Yet, existing systems for video-mediated communication fail to fully take into account these... more
Physical proximity to other people is a form of non-verbal communication that we all employ everyday, although we are barely aware of it. Yet, existing systems for video-mediated communication fail to fully take into account these proxemics aspects of communication. In this note, we present MirrorSpace, a video communication system that uses proximity as an interface to provide smooth transitions between peripheral awareness and very close and intimate forms of communication.