Orte prima di Orte. Dal Paleolitico all’Età del Ferro, 2017
Within the area affected by the research, the cliff and its
immediate vicinity, are ten sites wer... more Within the area affected by the research, the cliff and its immediate vicinity, are ten sites were identified that returned materials ranging from the Paleolithic to the Iron Age. In a first section, after a history of the studies and research carried out in the area since 1970, we have been thoroughly studying the material already published or reported in the past by presenting all with the discovery and documentation sheets specially prepared. In the second, following the reconnaissance activities to find new materials and information on the most relevant points, it was thoroughly studying the new acquisitions of attaching sheets, drawings and photographs. The ceramic material presented attesting attendance phases ranging from the Bronze Age (medium, recent and final) and the first Iron Age. Activities, given the interesting results obtained and the importance of the area in question, will continue in the future to obtain new data and information on the remote past of the city of Orte.
DAIDALOS STUDI E RICERCHE DI ARCHEOLOGIA E ANTICHITÀ. Miscellanea di archeologia, topografia antica e filologia classica (a cura di Gian Maria Di Nocera), 2019
This paper presents the results of survey conducted on the medieval site of Castel Campanile, loc... more This paper presents the results of survey conducted on the medieval site of Castel Campanile, located 5 Km North of Fiumicino. Inside the tufo plateau cavities have been excavated during 1000 years of life. The mapping of the underground structures highlightned the previleged relationship devoloped between the soil morphology and humans.
Annali dell'Università degli Studi di Ferrara Museologia Scientifica e Naturalistica, 2016
Breeding and hunting at the Santa Severa Castle (Rome) during the Middle Ages: the tables of the ... more Breeding and hunting at the Santa Severa Castle (Rome) during the Middle Ages: the tables of the nobles and of the common people from the 13 th to the 14 th century Riassunto-Lo scavo del Castello di Santa Severa, iniziato nel 2006 e portato avanti grazie al contributo volontario di appassionati e archeologi professionisti, ha condotto a risultati molto importanti per la conoscenza delle vicende storiche dell'area costiera a nord di Roma. L'ampio campione osteologico esaminato, 19093 resti, proviene in grande parte dallo scavo della piazza della Rocca, effettuato all'interno dell'edificio ecclesiastico. Sono state studiate le unità stratigrafiche che fanno parte del riempimento della parte conservata dell'edificio religioso, in particolare la zona absidale e il transetto. L'operazione di interro dell'edificio antico avvenuto per un altezza di circa 5 metri dopo la sistematica spoliazione di tutto il materiale lapideo e della pavimentazione, probabilmente necessario per essere riutilizzato nella costruzione di una nuova chiesa, deve essere avvenuta intorno alla seconda metà del XIV sec. in seguito ai lavori di sistemazione dell'area, con conseguente svuotamento di una serie di butti presenti nella zona interessata alle attività quotidiane. La ceramica presente negli strati dell'interro indica una datazione attribuibile ad un arco di tempo abbastanza ristretto, ascrivibile ad un periodo compreso tra il XIII e la prima metà del XIV sec. Sono stati analizzati i resti di mammiferi e uccelli (domestici e selvatici), pesci, tartarughe, e molluschi, che rappresentano i residui della attività di cucina della comunità che viveva nel borgo del castello. Summary-The excavation at the Santa Severa Castle that started in 2006 and continued with the help of enthusiastic volunteers and professional archaeologists, led to very important results for understanding the historical events of the coastal area North of Rome. The large osteological sample examined (19,093 remains) derives mostly from the excavation of piazza della Rocca within the religious building. The stratigraphic units that are part of the filling of the preserved portion of such building, especially the apse and the transept, have been studied. Around the second half of fourteenth century this ancient structure was covered for a height of about 5 meters after the systematic despoliation of all the stone materials and floors that have been probably reemployed for the construction of a new church; this occurred after the reorganization of the area and resulted in the clearing of a series of discard pits located in the part where daily activities were carried out. The pottery recovered in these layers indicates a fairly narrow time span, between the thirteenth and the first half of the fourteenth century. The remains of mammals, birds (domestic and wild), fish, turtles, and shellfish have been analyzed; these represent the residues of the cooking activities of the community living in the village of the castle. Cenni storici Il Castello di Santa Severa si trova nell'area costiera a nord di Roma, a circa 50 km dalla città. La posizione sul mare lo rende da sempre un sito di grande importanza strategica e paesaggistica, costruito al centro di una zona di ampie pianure costiere abitate dall'uomo da lungo tempo. Frequentata sin dal Paleolitico, molti sono i ritrovamenti di industrie riferibili al Neolitico, in selce e ossidiana proveniente da Palmarola e dalla Sardegna, che veniva probabilmente trasportata poi nelle aree più interne. La zona diviene importante soprattutto nel periodo etrusco. L'insediamento di Pyrgi si veniva a trovare su un altura stretta e allungata che in epoche antiche si elevava sulla pianura circostante e si protendeva verso la spiaggia e verso l'area trasformata poi in zona portuale. La ricchezza della città era ben conosciuta, nell'area dei templi era presente un centro di culto, ma anche un emporio dove transitavano merci e genti che provenivano da molte zone del Mediterraneo (Colonna 1970; Rovere et al. 2011; Frau 1990). Nel III sec. a.C. viene impiantata una colonia romana, un Castrum, protetto da mura poligonali, l'importanza del porto viene conservata e le sue strutture si sovrappongono a quelle di epoca etrusca sfruttandole e fortificandole ampliandone
During the excavations carried out in the Castle of Santa Severa between 2003 and 2010, the remai... more During the excavations carried out in the Castle of Santa Severa between 2003 and 2010, the remains of an early Christian church were identified. Investigations inside the church exposed the skeleton of an adult dog (Canis familiaris) buried close to the tombs of two adult men. The radiocarbon dating of one of the human skeletons indicates that the burials occurred between 1380 and 1450. The skeletal elements of the dog were analysed from an anatomical, morphological, biometric, and taphonomic point of view. The aim of the analysis was to define which of the modern dog breeds is more similar to the Santa Severa individual and why the animal was so carefully buried. This dog was an adult with fairly pronounced withers height and slender proportions. The taphonomic analysis suggests that the animal had been skinned before the burial. The multivariate analysis of the biometric parameters of the skull compared to those of numerous modern canine breeds allowed hypothesising that the dog was probably similar to a Greyhound. The analysis of several coeval artistic representations may help to explain the reasons for the particular care with which this animal was buried in the Castle of Santa Severa.
Atti 8° Convegno Nazionale di Archeozoologia (Lecce, 2015) (J. De Grossi Mazzorin, I. Fiore, C. Minniti eds.), 2019
The excavations carried out in the church of the Santa Severa castle, led to the recovery of a fa... more The excavations carried out in the church of the Santa Severa castle, led to the recovery of a faunal sample of about 20,000 skeletal elements, representing animal consumption over a chronological range between the 13th and the mid-14th century AD, as already presented previously. The present research focuses on the natural and human bone modifications identified on a sample of 4,709 bone specimens. The possible existence of repetitive and established techniques for carcass processing has been analysed verifying the position, direction and recurrence of chop or cut marks on each skeletal element category within the identified species. The frequency of combustion traces, carnivore and rodent intervention, as well as the calcareous concretions produced by the presence of water, allowed to clarify the modalities and the factors contributing to the transformation of the remains. Last but not least is the analysis of some bone and antler artefacts and the search in the sample of the different working stages.
Atti del 7° Convegno Nazionale di Archeozoologia, 2015
Gli uccelli nel castello di Santa Severa (Roma) durante il Basso Medioevo (XIII-XIV secolo): sign... more Gli uccelli nel castello di Santa Severa (Roma) durante il Basso Medioevo (XIII-XIV secolo): significato paleoeconomico e ambientale, dati preliminari The birds in the Castle of Santa Severa (Rome) during the Middle Ages (13 th-14 th century): palaeoeconomic and environmental preliminary results Riassunto-Nel riempimento dell'edificio ecclesiastico rinvenuto all'interno del castello di Santa Severa, a nord di Roma, sono stati rinvenuti 1082 elementi ossei interi e frammentati di specie avicole, di cui è stato possibile determinarne la specie di appartenenza per il 65 % circa. Questi reperti denotano un discreto consumo di uccelli da parte della popolazione che abitava il borgo medievale nel XIII e XIV sec. La maggior parte dei resti determinati (90%) indica che nel borgo molto probabilmente era praticato l'allevamento di animali da cortile (pollame e columbidi). Il restante 10% appartiene a specie selvatiche che possono esser state oggetto di caccia per il loro interesse alimentare (oche, fagiano, starna) o che possono aver frequentato occasionalmente il castello (gabbiano tridattilo, gabbiano reale, cornacchia, allocco, chiurlo maggiore). Le specie presenti consentono di tracciare un quadro delle pratiche di sfruttamento delle risorse avicole all'interno del borgo durante il basso medioevo, e di ricostruire, anche sulla scorta dell'analisi dei resti dei mammiferi selvatici, le condizioni ambientali delle aree limitrofe al castello di Santa Severa, dove è evidente la presenza nel periodo in esame di zone umide in cui si fermavano a svernare anche uccelli di passo. Summary-Inside the deposits of the religious building identified inside the Castle of Santa Severa, North of Rome, 1082 complete and fragmented bird bone specimens were recovered. Species identification was possible for 65% of them.. These findings reveal that birds were consumed frequently by the population living in the medieval village during the 13 th and 14 th centuries. Most of the identified remains (90%) indicate that courtyard animals (poultry and Columbidae) were bred in the village. The remaining 10% can be attributed both to hunting (brent goose, geese, partridge) and to the occasional presence of wild birds (kittiwake, herring gull, crow, owl, Eurasian curlew) in the castle. The species identified helped to outline bird exploitation practices in the village during the Late Middle Ages. It also aided, along with the analysis of wild animals, in the reconstruction, of the environmental conditions of areas surrounding the castle of Santa Severa. It is evident that during the concerned period, wetlands were present where migratory birds also stopped during winter.- Inside the deposits of the religious building identified inside the Castle of Santa Severa, North of Rome, 1082 complete and fragmented bird bone specimens were recovered. Species identification was possible for 65% of them.. These findings reveal that birds were consumed frequently by the population living in the medieval village during the 13th and 14th centuries. Most of the identified remains (90%) indicate that courtyard animals (poultry and Columbidae) were bred in the village. The remaining 10% can be attributed both to hunting (brent goose, geese, partridge) and to the occasional presence of wild birds (kittiwake, herring gull, crow, owl, Eurasian curlew) in the castle. The species identified helped to outline bird exploitation practices in the village during the Late Middle Ages. It also aided, along with the analysis of wild animals, in the reconstruction, of the environmental conditions of areas surrounding the castle of Santa Severa. It is evident that during the concerned period, wetlands were present where migratory birds also stopped during winter.
in F. Enei (a cura di), Santa Severa tra leggenda e verità storica. Pyrgi e il Castello di Santa Severa alla luce della recenti scoperte. Scavi 2003-2009; pp. 224-233., 2013
The excavation at the Santa Severa Castle that started in 2006 and continued with the help of ent... more The excavation at the Santa Severa Castle that started in 2006 and continued with the help of enthusiastic volunteers and professional archaeologists, led to very important results for understanding the historical events of the coastal area North of Rome. The large osteological sample examined (19,279 remains) comes mostly from the excavation of the fortress square within the religious building. The stratigraphic units that are part of the filling of the preserved part of such building, especially the apse and the transept, have been studied. The burial of this ancient building for a height of about 5 meters after the systematic despoliation of all the stone materials and floors, probably necessary for reuse in the construction of a new church, must have occurred around the second half of fourteenth century, following the restructuring of the zone and resulting in the clearing of a series of discard pits located in the area where daily activities were carried out. The pottery recovered in these layers indicates a fairly narrow time span, between the thirteenth and the first half of the fourteenth century. The remains of mammals, birds (domestic and wild), fish, turtles, and shellfish have been analyzed; these represent the residues of the cooking activities of the community living in the village of the castle.
Between 2003 and 2010, several excavations were carried out in various sectors of the citadel and... more Between 2003 and 2010, several excavations were carried out in various sectors of the citadel and the village within the Castle of Santa Severa. In particular, the remains of an early Christian church were identified in the Piazza della Rocca under the modern pavement. Two human burials and one of a dog (Canis familiaris) were identified inside the church. The radiocarbon dates indicate that the burials occurred between 1380 and 1450. The skeleton of the dog was analysed from an anatomical, morphological, biometric, and taphonomic point of view, in the attempt to reconstruct the burial processes and to identify the canine breed.
Orte prima di Orte. Dal Paleolitico all’Età del Ferro, 2017
Within the area affected by the research, the cliff and its
immediate vicinity, are ten sites wer... more Within the area affected by the research, the cliff and its immediate vicinity, are ten sites were identified that returned materials ranging from the Paleolithic to the Iron Age. In a first section, after a history of the studies and research carried out in the area since 1970, we have been thoroughly studying the material already published or reported in the past by presenting all with the discovery and documentation sheets specially prepared. In the second, following the reconnaissance activities to find new materials and information on the most relevant points, it was thoroughly studying the new acquisitions of attaching sheets, drawings and photographs. The ceramic material presented attesting attendance phases ranging from the Bronze Age (medium, recent and final) and the first Iron Age. Activities, given the interesting results obtained and the importance of the area in question, will continue in the future to obtain new data and information on the remote past of the city of Orte.
DAIDALOS STUDI E RICERCHE DI ARCHEOLOGIA E ANTICHITÀ. Miscellanea di archeologia, topografia antica e filologia classica (a cura di Gian Maria Di Nocera), 2019
This paper presents the results of survey conducted on the medieval site of Castel Campanile, loc... more This paper presents the results of survey conducted on the medieval site of Castel Campanile, located 5 Km North of Fiumicino. Inside the tufo plateau cavities have been excavated during 1000 years of life. The mapping of the underground structures highlightned the previleged relationship devoloped between the soil morphology and humans.
Annali dell'Università degli Studi di Ferrara Museologia Scientifica e Naturalistica, 2016
Breeding and hunting at the Santa Severa Castle (Rome) during the Middle Ages: the tables of the ... more Breeding and hunting at the Santa Severa Castle (Rome) during the Middle Ages: the tables of the nobles and of the common people from the 13 th to the 14 th century Riassunto-Lo scavo del Castello di Santa Severa, iniziato nel 2006 e portato avanti grazie al contributo volontario di appassionati e archeologi professionisti, ha condotto a risultati molto importanti per la conoscenza delle vicende storiche dell'area costiera a nord di Roma. L'ampio campione osteologico esaminato, 19093 resti, proviene in grande parte dallo scavo della piazza della Rocca, effettuato all'interno dell'edificio ecclesiastico. Sono state studiate le unità stratigrafiche che fanno parte del riempimento della parte conservata dell'edificio religioso, in particolare la zona absidale e il transetto. L'operazione di interro dell'edificio antico avvenuto per un altezza di circa 5 metri dopo la sistematica spoliazione di tutto il materiale lapideo e della pavimentazione, probabilmente necessario per essere riutilizzato nella costruzione di una nuova chiesa, deve essere avvenuta intorno alla seconda metà del XIV sec. in seguito ai lavori di sistemazione dell'area, con conseguente svuotamento di una serie di butti presenti nella zona interessata alle attività quotidiane. La ceramica presente negli strati dell'interro indica una datazione attribuibile ad un arco di tempo abbastanza ristretto, ascrivibile ad un periodo compreso tra il XIII e la prima metà del XIV sec. Sono stati analizzati i resti di mammiferi e uccelli (domestici e selvatici), pesci, tartarughe, e molluschi, che rappresentano i residui della attività di cucina della comunità che viveva nel borgo del castello. Summary-The excavation at the Santa Severa Castle that started in 2006 and continued with the help of enthusiastic volunteers and professional archaeologists, led to very important results for understanding the historical events of the coastal area North of Rome. The large osteological sample examined (19,093 remains) derives mostly from the excavation of piazza della Rocca within the religious building. The stratigraphic units that are part of the filling of the preserved portion of such building, especially the apse and the transept, have been studied. Around the second half of fourteenth century this ancient structure was covered for a height of about 5 meters after the systematic despoliation of all the stone materials and floors that have been probably reemployed for the construction of a new church; this occurred after the reorganization of the area and resulted in the clearing of a series of discard pits located in the part where daily activities were carried out. The pottery recovered in these layers indicates a fairly narrow time span, between the thirteenth and the first half of the fourteenth century. The remains of mammals, birds (domestic and wild), fish, turtles, and shellfish have been analyzed; these represent the residues of the cooking activities of the community living in the village of the castle. Cenni storici Il Castello di Santa Severa si trova nell'area costiera a nord di Roma, a circa 50 km dalla città. La posizione sul mare lo rende da sempre un sito di grande importanza strategica e paesaggistica, costruito al centro di una zona di ampie pianure costiere abitate dall'uomo da lungo tempo. Frequentata sin dal Paleolitico, molti sono i ritrovamenti di industrie riferibili al Neolitico, in selce e ossidiana proveniente da Palmarola e dalla Sardegna, che veniva probabilmente trasportata poi nelle aree più interne. La zona diviene importante soprattutto nel periodo etrusco. L'insediamento di Pyrgi si veniva a trovare su un altura stretta e allungata che in epoche antiche si elevava sulla pianura circostante e si protendeva verso la spiaggia e verso l'area trasformata poi in zona portuale. La ricchezza della città era ben conosciuta, nell'area dei templi era presente un centro di culto, ma anche un emporio dove transitavano merci e genti che provenivano da molte zone del Mediterraneo (Colonna 1970; Rovere et al. 2011; Frau 1990). Nel III sec. a.C. viene impiantata una colonia romana, un Castrum, protetto da mura poligonali, l'importanza del porto viene conservata e le sue strutture si sovrappongono a quelle di epoca etrusca sfruttandole e fortificandole ampliandone
During the excavations carried out in the Castle of Santa Severa between 2003 and 2010, the remai... more During the excavations carried out in the Castle of Santa Severa between 2003 and 2010, the remains of an early Christian church were identified. Investigations inside the church exposed the skeleton of an adult dog (Canis familiaris) buried close to the tombs of two adult men. The radiocarbon dating of one of the human skeletons indicates that the burials occurred between 1380 and 1450. The skeletal elements of the dog were analysed from an anatomical, morphological, biometric, and taphonomic point of view. The aim of the analysis was to define which of the modern dog breeds is more similar to the Santa Severa individual and why the animal was so carefully buried. This dog was an adult with fairly pronounced withers height and slender proportions. The taphonomic analysis suggests that the animal had been skinned before the burial. The multivariate analysis of the biometric parameters of the skull compared to those of numerous modern canine breeds allowed hypothesising that the dog was probably similar to a Greyhound. The analysis of several coeval artistic representations may help to explain the reasons for the particular care with which this animal was buried in the Castle of Santa Severa.
Atti 8° Convegno Nazionale di Archeozoologia (Lecce, 2015) (J. De Grossi Mazzorin, I. Fiore, C. Minniti eds.), 2019
The excavations carried out in the church of the Santa Severa castle, led to the recovery of a fa... more The excavations carried out in the church of the Santa Severa castle, led to the recovery of a faunal sample of about 20,000 skeletal elements, representing animal consumption over a chronological range between the 13th and the mid-14th century AD, as already presented previously. The present research focuses on the natural and human bone modifications identified on a sample of 4,709 bone specimens. The possible existence of repetitive and established techniques for carcass processing has been analysed verifying the position, direction and recurrence of chop or cut marks on each skeletal element category within the identified species. The frequency of combustion traces, carnivore and rodent intervention, as well as the calcareous concretions produced by the presence of water, allowed to clarify the modalities and the factors contributing to the transformation of the remains. Last but not least is the analysis of some bone and antler artefacts and the search in the sample of the different working stages.
Atti del 7° Convegno Nazionale di Archeozoologia, 2015
Gli uccelli nel castello di Santa Severa (Roma) durante il Basso Medioevo (XIII-XIV secolo): sign... more Gli uccelli nel castello di Santa Severa (Roma) durante il Basso Medioevo (XIII-XIV secolo): significato paleoeconomico e ambientale, dati preliminari The birds in the Castle of Santa Severa (Rome) during the Middle Ages (13 th-14 th century): palaeoeconomic and environmental preliminary results Riassunto-Nel riempimento dell'edificio ecclesiastico rinvenuto all'interno del castello di Santa Severa, a nord di Roma, sono stati rinvenuti 1082 elementi ossei interi e frammentati di specie avicole, di cui è stato possibile determinarne la specie di appartenenza per il 65 % circa. Questi reperti denotano un discreto consumo di uccelli da parte della popolazione che abitava il borgo medievale nel XIII e XIV sec. La maggior parte dei resti determinati (90%) indica che nel borgo molto probabilmente era praticato l'allevamento di animali da cortile (pollame e columbidi). Il restante 10% appartiene a specie selvatiche che possono esser state oggetto di caccia per il loro interesse alimentare (oche, fagiano, starna) o che possono aver frequentato occasionalmente il castello (gabbiano tridattilo, gabbiano reale, cornacchia, allocco, chiurlo maggiore). Le specie presenti consentono di tracciare un quadro delle pratiche di sfruttamento delle risorse avicole all'interno del borgo durante il basso medioevo, e di ricostruire, anche sulla scorta dell'analisi dei resti dei mammiferi selvatici, le condizioni ambientali delle aree limitrofe al castello di Santa Severa, dove è evidente la presenza nel periodo in esame di zone umide in cui si fermavano a svernare anche uccelli di passo. Summary-Inside the deposits of the religious building identified inside the Castle of Santa Severa, North of Rome, 1082 complete and fragmented bird bone specimens were recovered. Species identification was possible for 65% of them.. These findings reveal that birds were consumed frequently by the population living in the medieval village during the 13 th and 14 th centuries. Most of the identified remains (90%) indicate that courtyard animals (poultry and Columbidae) were bred in the village. The remaining 10% can be attributed both to hunting (brent goose, geese, partridge) and to the occasional presence of wild birds (kittiwake, herring gull, crow, owl, Eurasian curlew) in the castle. The species identified helped to outline bird exploitation practices in the village during the Late Middle Ages. It also aided, along with the analysis of wild animals, in the reconstruction, of the environmental conditions of areas surrounding the castle of Santa Severa. It is evident that during the concerned period, wetlands were present where migratory birds also stopped during winter.- Inside the deposits of the religious building identified inside the Castle of Santa Severa, North of Rome, 1082 complete and fragmented bird bone specimens were recovered. Species identification was possible for 65% of them.. These findings reveal that birds were consumed frequently by the population living in the medieval village during the 13th and 14th centuries. Most of the identified remains (90%) indicate that courtyard animals (poultry and Columbidae) were bred in the village. The remaining 10% can be attributed both to hunting (brent goose, geese, partridge) and to the occasional presence of wild birds (kittiwake, herring gull, crow, owl, Eurasian curlew) in the castle. The species identified helped to outline bird exploitation practices in the village during the Late Middle Ages. It also aided, along with the analysis of wild animals, in the reconstruction, of the environmental conditions of areas surrounding the castle of Santa Severa. It is evident that during the concerned period, wetlands were present where migratory birds also stopped during winter.
in F. Enei (a cura di), Santa Severa tra leggenda e verità storica. Pyrgi e il Castello di Santa Severa alla luce della recenti scoperte. Scavi 2003-2009; pp. 224-233., 2013
The excavation at the Santa Severa Castle that started in 2006 and continued with the help of ent... more The excavation at the Santa Severa Castle that started in 2006 and continued with the help of enthusiastic volunteers and professional archaeologists, led to very important results for understanding the historical events of the coastal area North of Rome. The large osteological sample examined (19,279 remains) comes mostly from the excavation of the fortress square within the religious building. The stratigraphic units that are part of the filling of the preserved part of such building, especially the apse and the transept, have been studied. The burial of this ancient building for a height of about 5 meters after the systematic despoliation of all the stone materials and floors, probably necessary for reuse in the construction of a new church, must have occurred around the second half of fourteenth century, following the restructuring of the zone and resulting in the clearing of a series of discard pits located in the area where daily activities were carried out. The pottery recovered in these layers indicates a fairly narrow time span, between the thirteenth and the first half of the fourteenth century. The remains of mammals, birds (domestic and wild), fish, turtles, and shellfish have been analyzed; these represent the residues of the cooking activities of the community living in the village of the castle.
Between 2003 and 2010, several excavations were carried out in various sectors of the citadel and... more Between 2003 and 2010, several excavations were carried out in various sectors of the citadel and the village within the Castle of Santa Severa. In particular, the remains of an early Christian church were identified in the Piazza della Rocca under the modern pavement. Two human burials and one of a dog (Canis familiaris) were identified inside the church. The radiocarbon dates indicate that the burials occurred between 1380 and 1450. The skeleton of the dog was analysed from an anatomical, morphological, biometric, and taphonomic point of view, in the attempt to reconstruct the burial processes and to identify the canine breed.
Uploads
immediate vicinity, are ten sites were identified that returned
materials ranging from the Paleolithic to the Iron
Age. In a first section, after a history of the studies and
research carried out in the area since 1970, we have
been thoroughly studying the material already published
or reported in the past by presenting all with the
discovery and documentation sheets specially prepared.
In the second, following the reconnaissance activities
to find new materials and information on the most relevant
points, it was thoroughly studying the new acquisitions
of attaching sheets, drawings and photographs.
The ceramic material presented attesting attendance
phases ranging from the Bronze Age (medium, recent
and final) and the first Iron Age. Activities, given the interesting
results obtained and the importance of the
area in question, will continue in the future to obtain
new data and information on the remote past of the city
of Orte.
of Fiumicino. Inside the tufo plateau cavities have been excavated during 1000 years of life. The mapping of the underground
structures highlightned the previleged relationship devoloped between the soil morphology and humans.
Riassunto-Lo scavo del Castello di Santa Severa, iniziato nel 2006 e portato avanti grazie al contributo volontario di appassionati e archeologi professionisti, ha condotto a risultati molto importanti per la conoscenza delle vicende storiche dell'area costiera a nord di Roma. L'ampio campione osteologico esaminato, 19093 resti, proviene in grande parte dallo scavo della piazza della Rocca, effettuato all'interno dell'edificio ecclesiastico. Sono state studiate le unità stratigrafiche che fanno parte del riempimento della parte conservata dell'edificio religioso, in particolare la zona absidale e il transetto. L'operazione di interro dell'edificio antico avvenuto per un altezza di circa 5 metri dopo la sistematica spoliazione di tutto il materiale lapideo e della pavimentazione, probabilmente necessario per essere riutilizzato nella costruzione di una nuova chiesa, deve essere avvenuta intorno alla seconda metà del XIV sec. in seguito ai lavori di sistemazione dell'area, con conseguente svuotamento di una serie di butti presenti nella zona interessata alle attività quotidiane. La ceramica presente negli strati dell'interro indica una datazione attribuibile ad un arco di tempo abbastanza ristretto, ascrivibile ad un periodo compreso tra il XIII e la prima metà del XIV sec. Sono stati analizzati i resti di mammiferi e uccelli (domestici e selvatici), pesci, tartarughe, e molluschi, che rappresentano i residui della attività di cucina della comunità che viveva nel borgo del castello.
Summary-The excavation at the Santa Severa Castle that started in 2006 and continued with the help of enthusiastic volunteers and professional archaeologists, led to very important results for understanding the historical events of the coastal area North of Rome. The large osteological sample examined (19,093 remains) derives mostly from the excavation of piazza della Rocca within the religious building. The stratigraphic units that are part of the filling of the preserved portion of such building, especially the apse and the transept, have been studied. Around the second half of fourteenth century this ancient structure was covered for a height of about 5 meters after the systematic despoliation of all the stone materials and floors that have been probably reemployed for the construction of a new church; this occurred after the reorganization of the area and resulted in the clearing of a series of discard pits located in the part where daily activities were carried out. The pottery recovered in these layers indicates a fairly narrow time span, between the thirteenth and the first half of the fourteenth century. The remains of mammals, birds (domestic and wild), fish, turtles, and shellfish have been analyzed; these represent the residues of the cooking activities of the community living in the village of the castle. Cenni storici Il Castello di Santa Severa si trova nell'area costiera a nord di Roma, a circa 50 km dalla città. La posizione sul mare lo rende da sempre un sito di grande importanza strategica e paesaggistica, costruito al centro di una zona di ampie pianure costiere abitate dall'uomo da lungo tempo. Frequentata sin dal Paleolitico, molti sono i ritrovamenti di industrie riferibili al Neolitico, in selce e ossidiana proveniente da Palmarola e dalla Sardegna, che veniva probabilmente trasportata poi nelle aree più interne. La zona diviene importante soprattutto nel periodo etrusco. L'insediamento di Pyrgi si veniva a trovare su un altura stretta e allungata che in epoche antiche si elevava sulla pianura circostante e si protendeva verso la spiaggia e verso l'area trasformata poi in zona portuale. La ricchezza della città era ben conosciuta, nell'area dei templi era presente un centro di culto, ma anche un emporio dove transitavano merci e genti che provenivano da molte zone del Mediterraneo (Colonna 1970; Rovere et al. 2011; Frau 1990). Nel III sec. a.C. viene impiantata una colonia romana, un Castrum, protetto da mura poligonali, l'importanza del porto viene conservata e le sue strutture si sovrappongono a quelle di epoca etrusca sfruttandole e fortificandole ampliandone
animal was buried in the Castle of Santa Severa.
rodent intervention, as well as the calcareous concretions produced by the presence of water, allowed to clarify the modalities and the factors contributing to the transformation of the remains. Last but not least is the analysis of some bone and antler artefacts and the search in the sample of the different working stages.
Inside the deposits of the religious building identified inside the Castle of Santa Severa, North of Rome, 1082 complete and fragmented bird bone specimens were recovered. Species identification was possible for 65% of them.. These findings reveal that birds were consumed frequently by the population living in the medieval village during the 13th and 14th centuries.
Most of the identified remains (90%) indicate that courtyard animals (poultry and Columbidae) were bred in the village. The remaining 10% can be attributed both to hunting (brent goose, geese, partridge) and to the occasional presence of wild birds (kittiwake, herring gull, crow, owl, Eurasian curlew) in the castle. The species identified helped to outline bird exploitation practices in the village during the Late Middle Ages. It also aided, along with the analysis of wild animals, in the reconstruction, of the environmental conditions of areas surrounding the castle of Santa Severa. It is evident that during the concerned period, wetlands were present where migratory birds also stopped during winter.
immediate vicinity, are ten sites were identified that returned
materials ranging from the Paleolithic to the Iron
Age. In a first section, after a history of the studies and
research carried out in the area since 1970, we have
been thoroughly studying the material already published
or reported in the past by presenting all with the
discovery and documentation sheets specially prepared.
In the second, following the reconnaissance activities
to find new materials and information on the most relevant
points, it was thoroughly studying the new acquisitions
of attaching sheets, drawings and photographs.
The ceramic material presented attesting attendance
phases ranging from the Bronze Age (medium, recent
and final) and the first Iron Age. Activities, given the interesting
results obtained and the importance of the
area in question, will continue in the future to obtain
new data and information on the remote past of the city
of Orte.
of Fiumicino. Inside the tufo plateau cavities have been excavated during 1000 years of life. The mapping of the underground
structures highlightned the previleged relationship devoloped between the soil morphology and humans.
Riassunto-Lo scavo del Castello di Santa Severa, iniziato nel 2006 e portato avanti grazie al contributo volontario di appassionati e archeologi professionisti, ha condotto a risultati molto importanti per la conoscenza delle vicende storiche dell'area costiera a nord di Roma. L'ampio campione osteologico esaminato, 19093 resti, proviene in grande parte dallo scavo della piazza della Rocca, effettuato all'interno dell'edificio ecclesiastico. Sono state studiate le unità stratigrafiche che fanno parte del riempimento della parte conservata dell'edificio religioso, in particolare la zona absidale e il transetto. L'operazione di interro dell'edificio antico avvenuto per un altezza di circa 5 metri dopo la sistematica spoliazione di tutto il materiale lapideo e della pavimentazione, probabilmente necessario per essere riutilizzato nella costruzione di una nuova chiesa, deve essere avvenuta intorno alla seconda metà del XIV sec. in seguito ai lavori di sistemazione dell'area, con conseguente svuotamento di una serie di butti presenti nella zona interessata alle attività quotidiane. La ceramica presente negli strati dell'interro indica una datazione attribuibile ad un arco di tempo abbastanza ristretto, ascrivibile ad un periodo compreso tra il XIII e la prima metà del XIV sec. Sono stati analizzati i resti di mammiferi e uccelli (domestici e selvatici), pesci, tartarughe, e molluschi, che rappresentano i residui della attività di cucina della comunità che viveva nel borgo del castello.
Summary-The excavation at the Santa Severa Castle that started in 2006 and continued with the help of enthusiastic volunteers and professional archaeologists, led to very important results for understanding the historical events of the coastal area North of Rome. The large osteological sample examined (19,093 remains) derives mostly from the excavation of piazza della Rocca within the religious building. The stratigraphic units that are part of the filling of the preserved portion of such building, especially the apse and the transept, have been studied. Around the second half of fourteenth century this ancient structure was covered for a height of about 5 meters after the systematic despoliation of all the stone materials and floors that have been probably reemployed for the construction of a new church; this occurred after the reorganization of the area and resulted in the clearing of a series of discard pits located in the part where daily activities were carried out. The pottery recovered in these layers indicates a fairly narrow time span, between the thirteenth and the first half of the fourteenth century. The remains of mammals, birds (domestic and wild), fish, turtles, and shellfish have been analyzed; these represent the residues of the cooking activities of the community living in the village of the castle. Cenni storici Il Castello di Santa Severa si trova nell'area costiera a nord di Roma, a circa 50 km dalla città. La posizione sul mare lo rende da sempre un sito di grande importanza strategica e paesaggistica, costruito al centro di una zona di ampie pianure costiere abitate dall'uomo da lungo tempo. Frequentata sin dal Paleolitico, molti sono i ritrovamenti di industrie riferibili al Neolitico, in selce e ossidiana proveniente da Palmarola e dalla Sardegna, che veniva probabilmente trasportata poi nelle aree più interne. La zona diviene importante soprattutto nel periodo etrusco. L'insediamento di Pyrgi si veniva a trovare su un altura stretta e allungata che in epoche antiche si elevava sulla pianura circostante e si protendeva verso la spiaggia e verso l'area trasformata poi in zona portuale. La ricchezza della città era ben conosciuta, nell'area dei templi era presente un centro di culto, ma anche un emporio dove transitavano merci e genti che provenivano da molte zone del Mediterraneo (Colonna 1970; Rovere et al. 2011; Frau 1990). Nel III sec. a.C. viene impiantata una colonia romana, un Castrum, protetto da mura poligonali, l'importanza del porto viene conservata e le sue strutture si sovrappongono a quelle di epoca etrusca sfruttandole e fortificandole ampliandone
animal was buried in the Castle of Santa Severa.
rodent intervention, as well as the calcareous concretions produced by the presence of water, allowed to clarify the modalities and the factors contributing to the transformation of the remains. Last but not least is the analysis of some bone and antler artefacts and the search in the sample of the different working stages.
Inside the deposits of the religious building identified inside the Castle of Santa Severa, North of Rome, 1082 complete and fragmented bird bone specimens were recovered. Species identification was possible for 65% of them.. These findings reveal that birds were consumed frequently by the population living in the medieval village during the 13th and 14th centuries.
Most of the identified remains (90%) indicate that courtyard animals (poultry and Columbidae) were bred in the village. The remaining 10% can be attributed both to hunting (brent goose, geese, partridge) and to the occasional presence of wild birds (kittiwake, herring gull, crow, owl, Eurasian curlew) in the castle. The species identified helped to outline bird exploitation practices in the village during the Late Middle Ages. It also aided, along with the analysis of wild animals, in the reconstruction, of the environmental conditions of areas surrounding the castle of Santa Severa. It is evident that during the concerned period, wetlands were present where migratory birds also stopped during winter.