Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Section B: biological sciences/Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Section B : biological sciences, May 5, 2024
While the ancient art of palpation is still used for diagnosis, modern medicine has adopted pulse... more While the ancient art of palpation is still used for diagnosis, modern medicine has adopted pulse measurement as a cheap and non-invasive method for early disease detection
Panax notoginseng is the most widely used Chinese medicinal herb for the prevention and treatment... more Panax notoginseng is the most widely used Chinese medicinal herb for the prevention and treatment of ischemic diseases. Its main active ingredients are saponins, including ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, and notoginsenoside R1, among others. This review provides an up-to-date overview on the pharmacological roles of P. notoginseng constituents in cerebral ischemia. The saponins of P. notoginseng induce a variety of pharmacological effects in the multiscale mechanisms of cerebral ischemic pathophysiology, including anti-inflammatory activity, reduction of oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, inhibition of amino acid excitotoxicity, reduction of intracellular calcium overload, protection of mitochondria, repairing the blood–brain barrier, and facilitation of cell regeneration. Regarding cell regeneration, P. notoginseng not only promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, but also protects neurons, endothelial cells and astrocytes in cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, P. notoginseng may treat cerebrovascular diseases through multiple pharmacological effects, and the most critical ones need further investigation.
Includes bibliographical references.Two plants, Dicoma anomala [Sond.]; a member of the Asteracea... more Includes bibliographical references.Two plants, Dicoma anomala [Sond.]; a member of the Asteraceae and Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich) Hoechst. subspecies caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro], a member of the Anarcadiaceae families, are used widely in Africa for a variety of traditional treatments. In this thesis it has been shown that these plants possess in vitro pharmacological activities against the malaria parasite. The extracts of D. anomala are active in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and those of S. birrea selectively enhance the in vitro accumulation of chloroquine in resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses ... more Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At present, it is a potentially fatal disease and is of great global public health concern. The pathophysiological understanding of the mode of transmission of COVID-9 and the possible molecular targets are exploring successively to fight against this contagious disease. In this pandemic situation, a large number of countries have been forced to do social distancing and lockdown. The two main pathways of SARS-CoV-2 transmission include (1) droplet infection via the respiratory secretions or by close person to person contact, whereas (2) faecal to oral route transmission is also possible. Thus, the route of entry of SARS-CoV-2 is through the nasal and or oral cavity. Here, we briefly reviewed the current knowledge about COVID-19, considering the potential explanation of the mode of transmission and the different possible molecular drug targets. We highlighted potential approaches to address the antiviral therapy inhibiting the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the host targeting (a.) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (b.) serine protease and (c.) proteolytic activation pathways or the cell membrane receptor called the angiotensin- converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). The recently exercised immuno-enhancement therapy to fight against SARS-CoV-2 and treatment strategy using drug combination are also explored here in this review.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Senna occidentalis (L.) Link is a plant that has been used in medi... more ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Senna occidentalis (L.) Link is a plant that has been used in medicine in some African countries, Asia and America. It is mainly used in Ayurvedic medicine in India. Several parts of this plant are used for preventing or treating diabetes, haematuria, rheumatism, typhoid, asthma, hepatotoxicity, disorders of haemoglobin and leprosy. AIM OF THE STUDY This review outlines the pharmacological evidence supporting the potential of S. occidentalis to control or compensate for diabetes and associated complications, with intentions to sensitize the scientific community for future research on this promising plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on the anti-diabetic pharmacological studies of Senna occidentalis was collected from various scientific databases including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The studies were analyzed for the toxicological, phytochemical, anti-diabetic, hypoglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemia and antioxidative aspects of the different parts of S. occidentalis. RESULTS Numerous phytochemical constituents (flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, terpenes and glycosides) are present in this plant and are responsible for their anti-diabetic, hypoglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidative effects. The different plant parts appears to exert anti-diabetic effects by direct regulation of blood glucose, modulation of lipid profile and improving of antioxidant status and islet function. CONCLUSION Senna occidentalis is rich in phytochemicals. The crude extracts of the different parts have valuable bioactive properties with potential ethnopharmacological relevance for diabetes management and treatment. Further bioassay guided phytochemical analyses of this plant are recommended to explore its therapeutic bioactive principles.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Section B: biological sciences/Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Section B : biological sciences, May 5, 2024
While the ancient art of palpation is still used for diagnosis, modern medicine has adopted pulse... more While the ancient art of palpation is still used for diagnosis, modern medicine has adopted pulse measurement as a cheap and non-invasive method for early disease detection
Panax notoginseng is the most widely used Chinese medicinal herb for the prevention and treatment... more Panax notoginseng is the most widely used Chinese medicinal herb for the prevention and treatment of ischemic diseases. Its main active ingredients are saponins, including ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, and notoginsenoside R1, among others. This review provides an up-to-date overview on the pharmacological roles of P. notoginseng constituents in cerebral ischemia. The saponins of P. notoginseng induce a variety of pharmacological effects in the multiscale mechanisms of cerebral ischemic pathophysiology, including anti-inflammatory activity, reduction of oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, inhibition of amino acid excitotoxicity, reduction of intracellular calcium overload, protection of mitochondria, repairing the blood–brain barrier, and facilitation of cell regeneration. Regarding cell regeneration, P. notoginseng not only promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, but also protects neurons, endothelial cells and astrocytes in cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, P. notoginseng may treat cerebrovascular diseases through multiple pharmacological effects, and the most critical ones need further investigation.
Includes bibliographical references.Two plants, Dicoma anomala [Sond.]; a member of the Asteracea... more Includes bibliographical references.Two plants, Dicoma anomala [Sond.]; a member of the Asteraceae and Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich) Hoechst. subspecies caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro], a member of the Anarcadiaceae families, are used widely in Africa for a variety of traditional treatments. In this thesis it has been shown that these plants possess in vitro pharmacological activities against the malaria parasite. The extracts of D. anomala are active in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and those of S. birrea selectively enhance the in vitro accumulation of chloroquine in resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses ... more Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At present, it is a potentially fatal disease and is of great global public health concern. The pathophysiological understanding of the mode of transmission of COVID-9 and the possible molecular targets are exploring successively to fight against this contagious disease. In this pandemic situation, a large number of countries have been forced to do social distancing and lockdown. The two main pathways of SARS-CoV-2 transmission include (1) droplet infection via the respiratory secretions or by close person to person contact, whereas (2) faecal to oral route transmission is also possible. Thus, the route of entry of SARS-CoV-2 is through the nasal and or oral cavity. Here, we briefly reviewed the current knowledge about COVID-19, considering the potential explanation of the mode of transmission and the different possible molecular drug targets. We highlighted potential approaches to address the antiviral therapy inhibiting the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the host targeting (a.) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (b.) serine protease and (c.) proteolytic activation pathways or the cell membrane receptor called the angiotensin- converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). The recently exercised immuno-enhancement therapy to fight against SARS-CoV-2 and treatment strategy using drug combination are also explored here in this review.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Senna occidentalis (L.) Link is a plant that has been used in medi... more ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Senna occidentalis (L.) Link is a plant that has been used in medicine in some African countries, Asia and America. It is mainly used in Ayurvedic medicine in India. Several parts of this plant are used for preventing or treating diabetes, haematuria, rheumatism, typhoid, asthma, hepatotoxicity, disorders of haemoglobin and leprosy. AIM OF THE STUDY This review outlines the pharmacological evidence supporting the potential of S. occidentalis to control or compensate for diabetes and associated complications, with intentions to sensitize the scientific community for future research on this promising plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on the anti-diabetic pharmacological studies of Senna occidentalis was collected from various scientific databases including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The studies were analyzed for the toxicological, phytochemical, anti-diabetic, hypoglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemia and antioxidative aspects of the different parts of S. occidentalis. RESULTS Numerous phytochemical constituents (flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, terpenes and glycosides) are present in this plant and are responsible for their anti-diabetic, hypoglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidative effects. The different plant parts appears to exert anti-diabetic effects by direct regulation of blood glucose, modulation of lipid profile and improving of antioxidant status and islet function. CONCLUSION Senna occidentalis is rich in phytochemicals. The crude extracts of the different parts have valuable bioactive properties with potential ethnopharmacological relevance for diabetes management and treatment. Further bioassay guided phytochemical analyses of this plant are recommended to explore its therapeutic bioactive principles.
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