Standardized evaluation tools are very important for making precise and justifiable diagnoses. However, in French, there are significantly fewer standardized tools from which the clinician may choose. At the present time, there is little... more
Standardized evaluation tools are very important for making precise and justifiable diagnoses. However, in French, there are significantly fewer standardized tools from which the clinician may choose. At the present time, there is little data on the nature and use of these tools in areas of language, speech and hearing in French areas across Canada. Through a survey sent to speech-language pathologists (S-LPs) and audiologists working in French across Canada, the GRETCOM (Groupe de recherche sur l’évaluation des troubles de la communication) explored how these tools were used as well as the level of satisfaction clinicians experienced with different aspects of the tools. Of the 1,271 questionnaires sent, 284 (22.3%) were returned. The survey allowed us to (1) develop a profile of the respondents, (2) identify the difficulties perceived by these professionals with regards to the use of the tools and (3) determine the degree of satisfaction related to the development of French assessm...
The current study examines the longitudinal relationship between dementia-related challenging behaviors (e.g., vocal disruption, physical aggression, repetitive behaviors, and restlessness) and cognitive functioning in the long-term care... more
The current study examines the longitudinal relationship between dementia-related challenging behaviors (e.g., vocal disruption, physical aggression, repetitive behaviors, and restlessness) and cognitive functioning in the long-term care (LTC) context. A multivariate latent growth curve model within the structural equation modeling (SEM) framework was applied to data collected from 16,804 older adults upon admission to LTC and every 3 months for a period of 2.5 years. Increases in challenging behaviors were characterized by a significant positive linear and negative quadratic trend (i.e., a subtle leveling off at later assessment times), whereas increases in cognitive impairment were characterized by a positive linear trend. On average, individuals who were more cognitively impaired upon entry into LTC and who exhibited a steeper increase in cognitive impairment also exhibited more challenging behaviors at entry into LTC and a steeper increase in challenging behaviors, respectively. At the within-person level, individuals demonstrating an increase in cognitive impairment at a specific occasion were also more likely to demonstrate an increase in challenging behaviors at that same occasion; however, the magnitude of these effects was very small, suggesting limited practical implications. This study provides novel empirical evidence about the coevolution of cognitive impairment and challenging behaviors, going beyond prior research that has been either cross-sectional in nature, examined longitudinal change in only 1 variable, or simply looked at linear trends without attempting to explore the possibility of nonlinear change. Most importantly, this longitudinal examination of persons with dementia living in LTC has implications for how challenging behaviors can be better managed and for how new strategies can be implemented to prevent challenging behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Research Interests: Health Behavior, Poverty, Diet, Folic acid, Adolescent, and 15 moreCalifornia, Humans, Female, Dietary Supplements, Ethnic Groups, Nutrition Education, Middle Aged, Adult, Neural Tube Defects, Preconception Care, Low Income, Cross sectional Study, Cross Sectional Studies, Nutrition Policy, and Public Assistance
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In this work we present an optical amplifier elaborated from erbium-doped fiber (EDF) in reflective configuration. We can obtain bigger amplification with reflective configuration, because the signal is amplified twice in the same EDF.... more
In this work we present an optical amplifier elaborated from erbium-doped fiber (EDF) in reflective configuration. We can obtain bigger amplification with reflective configuration, because the signal is amplified twice in the same EDF. The signal reflection was carried out with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). We use a DFB laser to equalization of 1549.1 nm wavelength. The amplifier was
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... Speech-language pathologists were recruited through speech pathology departments in both Montreal and Ottawa. All data gathering sessions took the form of a focus group (Brotherson 1994,Morgan 1988) and a nominal group technique... more
... Speech-language pathologists were recruited through speech pathology departments in both Montreal and Ottawa. All data gathering sessions took the form of a focus group (Brotherson 1994,Morgan 1988) and a nominal group technique (Brunelle et al. 1988). ...
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Obesity rates in American Indian and Alaskan Native children are a major health threat, yet effective ways to address this remain elusive. Building on an earlier dietary assessment of Navajo Head Start families which indicated a gap in... more
Obesity rates in American Indian and Alaskan Native children are a major health threat, yet effective ways to address this remain elusive. Building on an earlier dietary assessment of Navajo Head Start families which indicated a gap in parental nutrition awareness despite a strong program emphasis, the aim of this project was to identify culturally relevant nutrition education strategies for Navajo parents and educators of young children. Eight focus group interviews were conducted with 41 parents and early childhood education paraprofessionals to identify contributors to both healthful and unhealthy food ways of Navajo preschoolers. were presented in two community venues to verify the themes and discuss implications. Results Barriers to healthful eating included availability/cost, parenting/control, preferences/habits, time pressures, and knowledge/education. Enablers to healthful eating included the categories of schools/education, and support/modeling. Reactions to these findings during community forums suggested (1) the need for stronger parenting and parental control over the food environment; (2) community-level action to address these barriers; and (3) the need for knowledge and culturally relevant educational strategies for caregivers and children. Implications for interventions include building upon existing community resources to enhance culturally relevant and respectful parental, family, and community support for affordable and acceptable food experiences and choices for young children and their families.
Research Interests: Early Childhood Education, Focus Groups, Child Welfare, Qualitative Research, Consumer Health Information, and 17 moreHumans, Child, Arizona, American Indian, Female, Male, Focus Group, New Mexico, Nutritional Status, Educational Models, Nutrition Education, Maternal child health, Dietary Assessment, Food habits, Young Children, Educational Status, and Time pressure
Research Interests: Health Behavior, Poverty, Diet, Folic acid, Adolescent, and 15 moreCalifornia, Humans, Female, Dietary Supplements, Ethnic Groups, Nutrition Education, Middle Aged, Adult, Neural Tube Defects, Preconception Care, Low Income, Cross sectional Study, Cross Sectional Studies, Nutrition Policy, and Public Assistance
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Research Interests: Nursing, Dementia, Housing, Qualitative Research, Activities of Daily Living, and 15 moreSelf Efficacy, Humans, Nursing Homes, Freedom, Female, Male, Ontario, Patient Admission, Aged, Questionnaires, Institutionalization, Gerontological Nursing, Critical Point, Personal Satisfaction, and Object Attachment
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Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Communication, Interpersonal Communication, Communication Disorders, and 22 moreQuality of life, Nonverbal Communication, Language Therapy, Animal Assisted Therapy, Communication Skills, Motivation, Affect, Dogs, Social behavior, Humans, Animals, Therapy, Male, Communication Skill, Verbal behavior, Clinical Sciences, Middle Aged, Speech Therapy, Social Behavior, Learning Outcome, Verbal Communication, and Cerebral Infarction
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With support of a NIOSH Community Partners grant, the authors reviewed data from three cooperating vineyard companies in Napa and Sonoma Counties, finding both high rates of evidence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and identifying... more
With support of a NIOSH Community Partners grant, the authors reviewed data from three cooperating vineyard companies in Napa and Sonoma Counties, finding both high rates of evidence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and identifying priority MSD hazards for intervention. Data from OSHA 200 injury report logs identified 29 reported MSDs and 435 lost workdays in a working population of 194 in a 30-month period. The majority of these (20) involved backstrain. High risk job tasks were identified, including: employer-identified tasks, analysis of injury reports, and ergonomics risk factor checklist survey of task work. Triangulating across these three data groups resulted in identification of high priority tasks, including: hand harvest work, hand pruning, and weeding using shovels. Priority risk factors for back injury in these jobs were: repetitive lifting of heavy loads, repetitive exertion of force by the trunk and upper extremities, and repetitive or sustained awkward postures of the trunk (including full stoop and twisting with loads).
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Investigation into the natural conversational discourse of patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type has received minimal attention, in part due to the inherent methodological problems. There are no satisfactory theoretical models of... more
Investigation into the natural conversational discourse of patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type has received minimal attention, in part due to the inherent methodological problems. There are no satisfactory theoretical models of conversation; existing global checklists give minimal information on meaning relationships and analysis of conversation does not lend itself to group studies. The present study offered an initial example of how meaning relationships, expressed through topic shifting behavior, can be described in DAT and normal elderly subjects in natural conversational discourse. Categorization of topic units was done in an attempt to describe general phenomena, type of shift, reason for shift, and contextual relationship. Although very little differences were visually observed in the general categories, some convergence of data were observed in other topic shift categories. Discussion of the results in relation to a discourse processing model is presented.
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... Speech-language pathologists were recruited through speech pathology departments in both Montreal and Ottawa. All data gathering sessions took the form of a focus group (Brotherson 1994,Morgan 1988) and a nominal group technique... more
... Speech-language pathologists were recruited through speech pathology departments in both Montreal and Ottawa. All data gathering sessions took the form of a focus group (Brotherson 1994,Morgan 1988) and a nominal group technique (Brunelle et al. 1988). ...
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With the aging of the population and the projected increase of dementia in the coming years, it is crucial that we understand the needs of people with dementia (PWD) in order to provide appropriate care. The aim of this study is to... more
With the aging of the population and the projected increase of dementia in the coming years, it is crucial that we understand the needs of people with dementia (PWD) in order to provide appropriate care. The aim of this study is to determine, using the best evidence possible, the care needs of PWD living in long-term care (LTC). A total of 68 studies, published between January 2000 and September 2010, were identified from six databases. From the selected studies, 19 needs of PWD were identified. The existing evidence suggests that psychosocial needs such as the need to engage in daily individualized activities and care must not be ignored in LTC. This review aims to provide a clearer picture of the needs of this growing patient population.