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The phenomena of (i) inverse correlation between the oceanic carbon and sulfur isotopic curves, and (ii) covariation between the oceanic carbon and oxygen isotopic curves at all their major excursions appear as paradoxes in the current... more
The phenomena of (i) inverse correlation between the oceanic carbon and sulfur isotopic curves, and (ii) covariation between the oceanic carbon and oxygen isotopic curves at all their major excursions appear as paradoxes in the current paradigm of global ...
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... Gruszczynski, M., Hoffman, A., Maíkowski, К., Zawidzka, К., Halas, S., and Zeng Yong, 1990, Carbon isotopie drop across the Permian-Triassic boundary ... Hodell, DA, and Mueller, PA, 1989, Strontium isotope stratigraphy and... more
... Gruszczynski, M., Hoffman, A., Maíkowski, К., Zawidzka, К., Halas, S., and Zeng Yong, 1990, Carbon isotopie drop across the Permian-Triassic boundary ... Hodell, DA, and Mueller, PA, 1989, Strontium isotope stratigraphy and geo-chemistry of the late Neogene ocean (9 to 2 Ma ...
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... KRZYSZTOF MALKOWSKI (*), MICHAL GRUSZCZYŃSKI (*), ANTONI HOFFMAN (*) and STANISLAW HALAS ... i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland § Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl.Marii... more
... KRZYSZTOF MALKOWSKI (*), MICHAL GRUSZCZYŃSKI (*), ANTONI HOFFMAN (*) and STANISLAW HALAS ... i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland § Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl.Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 1 ...
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The uppermost Famennian – lowermost Tournaisian interval has been analysed in detail using biostratigraphy, sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility and geochemistry in a reference section of the relatively shallow carbonate ramp... more
The uppermost Famennian – lowermost Tournaisian interval has been analysed in detail using biostratigraphy, sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility and geochemistry in a reference section of the relatively shallow carbonate ramp environment within the Pomeranian Basin. High-resolution biostratigraphic study, based on miospores, allows recognition of the standard western Europeanlepidophyta–nitidus(LN) andverrucosus–incohatus(VI) zones, as well as theConvolutispora majorZone, a local Pomeranian equivalent of the European standardhibernicus–distinctus(HD) Zone. The sedimentary succession and specific phenomena recognized close to the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary, such as fluctuations in water column euxinia, wildfire evidence, relative sea-level changes and perturbations of the carbon cycle reflected by positive carbon excursions, display a pattern partly similar to that observed in many areas in Europe during the Hangenberg Event, although the Hangenberg Black Shale horizon is not developed here. These important microscale environmental perturbations were observed not only within the Famennian LN miospore Zone but in a wide interval between the LN and the lowermost localConvolutispora majormiospore zones ( = lower part of HD standard miospore Zone). It is still uncertain whether the recognized event(s) were connected solely with the Hangenberg Event, which was possibly complex and multi-phased as is sometimes suggested, or whether they represent a succession of regionally limited, post-Hangenberg events. This question needs to be further investigated on broader stratigraphic and geographical scales.
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ABSTRACTLithofacies analysis of two transgressive sequences within the Kapp Starostin Formation (Upper Permian, West Spitsbergen), indicates considerable differences in seawater chemistry between their depositional environments. The... more
ABSTRACTLithofacies analysis of two transgressive sequences within the Kapp Starostin Formation (Upper Permian, West Spitsbergen), indicates considerable differences in seawater chemistry between their depositional environments. The onshore part of the sequence represented in the Vøringen and Svenskeegga Members is largely calcareous, with allochthonous and corroded siliceous materials. In contrast, in the equivalent sequence within the Hovtinden Member, silica is ubiquitous whereas carbonate materials include mainly corroded bioclasts. These differences are consistent with predictions of the oceanographic model of ‘overfed’ and ‘hungry’ oceans proposed previously on the basis of carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis.
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The variability of δ13C and δ18O was determined within the columnal facet of individual ossicles, within different regions of skeletons and within bulk skeletons of extant stalked crinoids. Isotopic compositions of individual ossicles may... more
The variability of δ13C and δ18O was determined within the columnal facet of individual ossicles, within different regions of skeletons and within bulk skeletons of extant stalked crinoids. Isotopic compositions of individual ossicles may vary by up ~1‰ for both isotopes, whereas isotopic variability within a skeleton may be as high as ~2.8‰ for δ13C and ~1.2‰ for δ18O. In contrast, mean isotopic compositions and variations are similar for different specimens of a single species from any particular locality. Isotopic variation was evaluated between higher taxonomic groups of crinoids, including Isocrinida, Comatulida, Bourgueticrinida and Cyrtocrinida. Skeletons of isocrinids, comatulids and bourgueticrinids are consistently more negative in δ13C than those of cyrtocrinids. This difference may be as high as ~10‰, and is unrelated to the place of origin. Such isotopic differences reflect distinct physiological differences between crinoid groups we studied. Overall, their δ18O values show weak temperature dependence, which are overshadowed by the strong influence of physiological or vital effects on the isotopic composition of crinoid skeletal carbonate. Thus great caution needs to be exercised when using the stable isotope composition of crinoids as an environmental proxy.
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At Hancock Summit West, Nevada, western USA, uppermost Givetian (upper Middle Devonian) and lower and middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) rocks of the lower Guilmette Formation include, in stratigraphic sequence, carbonate-platform... more
At Hancock Summit West, Nevada, western USA, uppermost Givetian (upper Middle Devonian) and lower and middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) rocks of the lower Guilmette Formation include, in stratigraphic sequence, carbonate-platform facies of the conodont falsiovalis, transitans, and punctata Zones; the type Alamo Breccia Member of the middle punctata Zone; and slope facies of the punctata and hassi Zones. The
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The carbon and oxygen isotope composition of marine carbonates (δ13C and δ18O, respectively) are studied in the fossiliferous, stratigraphically well-constrained and remarkably expanded successions of Podolia, SW Ukraine, spanning the... more
The carbon and oxygen isotope composition of marine carbonates (δ13C and δ18O, respectively) are studied in the fossiliferous, stratigraphically well-constrained and remarkably expanded successions of Podolia, SW Ukraine, spanning the Silurian–Devonian transition. Significant isotopic shifts are directly comparable to previously published global secular trends in well-preserved brachiopod calcite isotopic ratios from this region, and therefore may be taken as a reliable primary record of seawater δ13C changes. The sections reveal a major positive δ13C excursion, with an amplitude above 6 ‰, beginning in the upper Pridoli and reaching peak values as heavy as +4.2 ‰ in the lowermost Lochkovian. This turnover in carbon cycling is followed by a general trend toward more negative δ13C values in the upper Lochkovian. The Podolian isotopic signals provide strong support for the previously inferred global biogeochemical perturbation across the Silurian–Devonian transition, reflecting a comp...
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A rich collection of exceptionally preserved Lower Triassic fossil fish remains obtained during the Polish Spitsbergen Expedition of 2005 includes many isolated teeth be− lieved to belong to a saurichthyid actinopterygian. Stable isotope... more
A rich collection of exceptionally preserved Lower Triassic fossil fish remains obtained during the Polish Spitsbergen Expedition of 2005 includes many isolated teeth be− lieved to belong to a saurichthyid actinopterygian. Stable isotope analysis ( 13C and 18O) of putative Saurichthys teeth from the Hornsund area (South Spitsbergen) acting as a paleoenvironmental proxy has permitted trophic−level reconstruction and comparison with other Lower Triassic fish teeth from the same location. The broader range of 13C values ob− tained for durophagous teeth of the hybodont selachian, Lissodus, probably reflects its mi− gratory behaviour and perhaps a greater feeding diversity. X−ray microcomputed tomogra− phy (XMT), a non−destructive technique, is used for the first time in order to elucidate de− tails of tooth histology, the results of which suggest that the method has considerable poten− tial as a future analytical tool.
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and facies changes at the Early–Middle Frasnian boundary in the north−western East European Platform. Acta Palae−
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Traces of regenerated damages are displayed by some shells of terebratuloid brachiopods, Cancinithyris biplicata (Sowerby) from the Albian of Annopol-on-Vistula. Two main types of regeneration are distinguished: one, involving... more
Traces of regenerated damages are displayed by some shells of terebratuloid brachiopods, Cancinithyris biplicata (Sowerby) from the Albian of Annopol-on-Vistula. Two main types of regeneration are distinguished: one, involving concentrical accretion of new shelly matter, and another, in which regenerating layer is simultaneously accreted on both sides of a damage, and forms a regenerational suture: the regenerational of the transitional type is also possible.
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The new dataset of the carbon and oxygen stable isotope values across the sedimentary sequence of the Changhsingian Stage at Meishan, south China documents the carbon biogeochemical cycle in detail. The cycle began with storage of organic... more
The new dataset of the carbon and oxygen stable isotope values across the sedimentary sequence of the Changhsingian Stage at Meishan, south China documents the carbon biogeochemical cycle in detail. The cycle began with storage of organic carbon (C org ), mainly as biogenic carbon dioxide in clathrates, and carbon dioxide from anaeorobic methane oxidation (AMO) in the stratified sea water masses, which is reflected by a rapid increase in the δ 13 C values. Storage of Corg demanded a large biomass productivity, and thus consumption of a vast amount of carbon dioxide, which would have been associated with climatic oceanic water cooling. Oceanic water cooling and enhanced volcanism is actually reflected by a gradual increase in the δ 18 O values. The longterm stasis between C org burial and reburial was then achieved, as reflected by the stable course of the δ 13 C curve. At the same time, cool water circulation caused a continuous increase in the δ 18 O values. At the end of the cycle...
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An interpretation of the time series of stable isotopic proportions of carbon, oxygen, and sulfur in rock samples from subsurface Ordovician-Silurian transition in north-eastern Poland demonstrates a clearcut perturbation that must imply... more
An interpretation of the time series of stable isotopic proportions of carbon, oxygen, and sulfur in rock samples from subsurface Ordovician-Silurian transition in north-eastern Poland demonstrates a clearcut perturbation that must imply some global scale controlling factors. This perturbation is particularly emphasized by its comparison to the sustained secular Paleozoic trend in isotopic characteristics of the oceanic system. On the other hand, this isotopic perturbation contrasts with unidirectional local changes in geochemical elemental proportions in the same rock samples. The perturbation is most parsimoniously explained as linked to the onset of a major glaciation. Its relationship to the second largest mass extinction in the history of the biosphere still remains to be elucidated.
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Characteristic attachment scars of Coenothyris vulgaris (Schlotheim) occur in the Muschelkalk sequence of Upper Silesia. Their variability indicates· that the pedicle could be differentiated terminally into well-defined... more
Characteristic attachment scars of Coenothyris vulgaris (Schlotheim) occur in the Muschelkalk sequence of Upper Silesia. Their variability indicates· that the pedicle could be differentiated terminally into well-defined "rootlets". The pedicle allowed the brachiopods to colonize an otherwise inhospitable, soft-bottom environment.
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The autors propose that definition of the Permian-Triassic boundary by the onset of a pronounced negative shift in the carbon isotopic composition of the oceanic carbonate system (recorded presently also in the Meishan section, China) is... more
The autors propose that definition of the Permian-Triassic boundary by the onset of a pronounced negative shift in the carbon isotopic composition of the oceanic carbonate system (recorded presently also in the Meishan section, China) is worth of very serious consideration. Such a definition would this chronostratigraphic boundary to reflecting an important geological event, thus marking a step toward the definition of chronostratigraphic intervals as meaningful units of geological time. Such a definitionwould permit precise correlation of geographically widely separated geological sections.
The lithology of the Upper Devionian carobonate deposits of the environs of Gorno, along with their conodont stratigraphy ga.e a basis recognition of the sedimentation and paleogeography·of the region within the Upper Devonian basin of... more
The lithology of the Upper Devionian carobonate deposits of the environs of Gorno, along with their conodont stratigraphy ga.e a basis recognition of the sedimentation and paleogeography·of the region within the Upper Devonian basin of the Holy Cross Mts. The tectonic gaps recognized between the Givetian and Frasnian as well as between the Devonian and Carboniferous deposits, led to the corrections in the regional tectonics. Three species of conodonts viz. Polygnathus ancyrognathoideus Ziegler, Schmidtognatnus aff. pietzneri Ziegler and Spathognathodus sannemanni treptus Ziegler so far unknown from the Devonian of the Holly Cross Mts. have been described.
δ13C i δ18O w poźnojurajskich wapieniach Prowincji Submedyterranskiej (Europa) Carbon and oxygen stable isotopic relationships have been investigated in brachiopod shell and bulk carbonate rock samples from late Jurassic strata of Spain,... more
δ13C i δ18O w poźnojurajskich wapieniach Prowincji Submedyterranskiej (Europa) Carbon and oxygen stable isotopic relationships have been investigated in brachiopod shell and bulk carbonate rock samples from late Jurassic strata of Spain, southern Germany, and southern Poland. The results show, first, an increase in δ13C by approximately 1‰ up to +3‰ in the Upper Oxfordian and, then, a decline back to the original values in the Kimmeridgian. There is tremendous geographic and temporal variation in δ18O. These data suggest a substantial, though presumably local or at most regional, transient influx of nutrient- and carbon dioxide-rich waters onto the shelf.
The dC and dO iso tope data from both fos sil (Mio cene) and mod ern fresh wa ter bi valve shells of fam ily Unionidae from Po land (spe cies Margaritifera flabellatiformis and Unio tumidus, re spec tively) show a sim i lar, trun cated si... more
The dC and dO iso tope data from both fos sil (Mio cene) and mod ern fresh wa ter bi valve shells of fam ily Unionidae from Po land (spe cies Margaritifera flabellatiformis and Unio tumidus, re spec tively) show a sim i lar, trun cated si nu soi dal pat tern. The iso to pic pro files of the shells are vis i bly marked by three growth stages, linked with a pro gres sive loss of en vi ron men tal re cord be cause of de clin ing intra-an nual biocarbonate ac cre tion rate. The ju ve nile and gerontic phases ex hibit gen er ally more pos i tive and sta ble (pla teau) iso to pic pat tern than the mid-age stage. An in creas ing dC trend is typ i cal for the fi nal life stage, likely in flu enced by nu tri ent over load ing, re vers ing the ten dency to wards C de ple tion through out the in di vid ual’s life in duced by met a bolic pro cesses. Due to the pro gres sive loss of en vi ron men tal sig nals through on tog eny, these ini tial and fi nal iso to pic pro file seg ments prob a bly ...