OBJECTIVE the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of stool microscopy and culture in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). MATERIAL AND METHOD In resource-limited settings, PTB is mainly diagnosed in sputum by... more
OBJECTIVE the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of stool microscopy and culture in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). MATERIAL AND METHOD In resource-limited settings, PTB is mainly diagnosed in sputum by microscopy methods. In patients unable to provide sputum, invasive procedures are necessary to obtain alternative respiratory tract specimens. Because Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) organisms are known to survive in gastric fluid, we hypothesized that swallowed MTC organisms would be detectable in stool samples. We compared the presence of MTC organisms in sputum and stool specimens collected at the same time from the same patients. RESULTS We included samples routinely submitted to our laboratory of microbiological diagnosis from patients with suspected PTB. In addition, a stool specimen was collected within 24 h of the sputum collection or gastric aspirate. In the 57 patients included, sputum microcopy and culture confirmed respectively 9 (21%) and 15 (26%) cases. Stool samples made it possible to confirm 9 cases by microscopy and 5 cases by culture. The sensitivity of microscopy was 60% and that of culture 33%. Sputum analysis was negative for one HIV-infected patient, but the stool sample was positive and permitted the diagnosis of PTB. CONCLUSION This study proves that despite the low sensitivity of stool cultures it can be an alternative or additional interesting sample for the diagnosis of PTB in patients who have difficulty expectorating.
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The specific germs that cause chronic otitis media determine the treatment necessary. The purpose of this study was to identify the pathogens involved in this disease and to determine the sensitivity of the antibiotics commonly used in... more
The specific germs that cause chronic otitis media determine the treatment necessary. The purpose of this study was to identify the pathogens involved in this disease and to determine the sensitivity of the antibiotics commonly used in order to improve treatment. This prospective study took place over 12 months and recorded 53 cases of chronic otorrhea in the ENT department of Ouagadougou University Hospital: 41 underwent cytologic and bacteriologic analysis. We identified 34 cases of bacterial infection (83%), 2 cases of fungal infection (5%) and 5 sterile cultures (12%). The bacteria isolated most frequently were Staphylococcus aureus (29%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26%) and Proteus mirabilis (18%). These organisms were most sensitive to fluoroquinolones (84%) and third-generation cephalosporins (77%). However, amoxicillin and tetracycline were fairly active against these pathogens, with sensitivity rates of respectively 19% and 7%. These data could help guide regional practitioners in choosing probabilistic antibiotic treatment. Sensitivity testing nonetheless remains needed in chronic otorrhea, to verify the efficacy of initial treatment and guide adequate care.
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56 strains of Salmonella were isolated from the cerebro-spinal fluids (CSF) from meningitis suspected patients at the Yalgado-Ouédraogo University hospital center in Burkina Faso, from January 2000 to December 2004. 75% of the patients... more
56 strains of Salmonella were isolated from the cerebro-spinal fluids (CSF) from meningitis suspected patients at the Yalgado-Ouédraogo University hospital center in Burkina Faso, from January 2000 to December 2004. 75% of the patients were less than 3 years old; 71.4% of the CSF were purulent, with an average of 523 leucocytes/mm3 and 78% of neutrophile polynuclears. The strains identified belonged mostly to Salmonella O: 4.5 group (51.8%). In vitro, 92.7% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and this resistance was partially restored with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; however no strain was resistant to ceftriaxone. For the overall 56 patients, 20 different antibiotherapy regimes were used and they were successful in only 27% cases while 71% of patients died and 2% escaped from the hospital. Neurologic sequels were found in a patient treated with both ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol. These results showed that the illness occurred mainly in infants and was associated with high...
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The purpose of this report is to describe the bacteriological features, clinical signs and therapeutic outcome of 148 cases of W135 meningococcus meningitis observed during meningitis outbreaks in Burkina Faso in 2002 and 2003. Diagnosis... more
The purpose of this report is to describe the bacteriological features, clinical signs and therapeutic outcome of 148 cases of W135 meningococcus meningitis observed during meningitis outbreaks in Burkina Faso in 2002 and 2003. Diagnosis was based on microbiological study of cerebrospinal fluid. Cases of meningococcus meningitis were recorded throughout the study period with the peak number of cases occurring around the 14th week. There was a slight male predominance (56.1%) and young patients between one and 15 years accounted for 81.7% of cases. The mean interval between onset of symptoms and hospitalization was 2.6 days and the mean duration of hospitalization was 5.5 days. The most common clinical signs were fever (98.6%), stiff neck (90.5%),Brudzinski's sign (85.1%),Kernig's sign (66.2%), altered consciousness (41.9%), vomiting (36.5%) and headaches (34.5%). In most cases treatment with a singie dose of chiorazuphenicol in oil was curative. Overall mortality was 15.5% i...
Research Interests: Pediatrics, Adolescent, Medicine, Humans, Child, and 11 moreBurkina Faso, Female, Male, Infant, Middle Aged, Adult, Meningitis, Teaching Hospitals, Vomiting, Headaches, and Child preschool
To assess the endoscopic and histological aspects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in children in a prospective study. One hundred and four children (6 months-15 years old), with digestive symptoms admitted to the Pediatric... more
To assess the endoscopic and histological aspects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in children in a prospective study. One hundred and four children (6 months-15 years old), with digestive symptoms admitted to the Pediatric Department of the National Hospital of Ouagadougou between February Ist and October 31 1996, underwent upper digestive endoscopy with fundic and antral biopsies for histological and bacteriological analysis. Endoscopy was normal in 80 cases (77%). No lesion was specific of H. pylori infection. Nodular gastritis was observed in 3% of the cases only. Duodenal ulcers were seen in 3 children (3%). 83% of the children had chronic antral gastritis, associates with H. pylori in 95% of the cases. The lesions were follicular gastritis (45%), mild atrophic gastritis (38.5%) and lymphocytic gastritis (1%). Follicular gastritis was more pronounced in the antrum than in the fundus. The high prevalence of early H. pylori infection and chronic gastritis in children ...
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Research Interests: Microbiology, Biology, Medicine, Diarrhea, Virulence, and 15 moreHumans, Burkina Faso, Escherichia coli, Clinical, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Infant, Clinical microbiology and infection control, Clinical Sciences, Newborn Infant, Chi Square Distribution, Suba, Escherichia Coli Infections, Child preschool, multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
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to determine the specific antimicrobial activity of the drugs proposed in the national algorithm for treatment of vaginal infections. Over a three-month period, the bacteriological laboratory of the Yalgado-Ouédraogo University Hospital... more
to determine the specific antimicrobial activity of the drugs proposed in the national algorithm for treatment of vaginal infections. Over a three-month period, the bacteriological laboratory of the Yalgado-Ouédraogo University Hospital in Ouagadougou analyzed vaginal swabs from women seen at 5 health-care facilities in that city. The study included 404 women with a mean age of 29 years. The microbes with the highest incidence rates were various species of Candida (20%), Gardnerella and/or Mobiluncus (18.8%), and Ureaplasma/Mycoplasma (10.9%). The agents isolated were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, fluconazole, miconazole, and nystatin. This study demonstrated the continuing efficacy of the drugs in the national algorithm for treatment of vaginal infections, which is associated with compliance with the recommended diagnostic procedure and therapeutic protocol.
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ABSTRACT
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Neisseria lactamica is a true commensal bacterium occupying the same ecological niche as the pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis , which is responsible for outbreaks and large epidemics, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. To better... more
Neisseria lactamica is a true commensal bacterium occupying the same ecological niche as the pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis , which is responsible for outbreaks and large epidemics, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. To better understand the epidemiology of N. lactamica in Africa and its relationship to N. meningitidis , we studied N. lactamica carriage in 1- to 29-year-old people living in three districts of Burkina Faso from 2009 to 2011. N. lactamica was detected in 18.2% of 45,847 oropharyngeal samples. Carriage prevalence was highest among the 2-year-olds (40.1%) and decreased with age. Overall prevalence was higher for males (19.1%) than females (17.5%) (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.18), while among the 18- to 29-year-olds, carriage prevalence was significantly higher in women (9.1%) than in men (3.9%) (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.94 to 3.19). Carriage prevalence of N. lactamica was remarkably homogeneous in the three districts of Burkina Faso and s...
Research Interests: Epidemiology, Adolescent, Medicine, Molecular Epidemiology, Clinical Microbiology, and 15 moreBiological Sciences, Humans, Child, Burkina Faso, Female, Male, Infant, Adult, Genetic variation, Cross Sectional Studies, Multilocus sequence typing, Child preschool, Carriage, Carrier state, and Medical and Health Sciences
ABSTRACTThe serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenAfriVac has the potential to confer herd immunity by reducing carriage prevalence of epidemic strains. To better understand this phenomenon, we initiated a meningococcal carriage... more
ABSTRACTThe serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenAfriVac has the potential to confer herd immunity by reducing carriage prevalence of epidemic strains. To better understand this phenomenon, we initiated a meningococcal carriage study to determine the baseline carriage rate and serogroup distribution before vaccine introduction in the 1- to 29-year old population in Burkina Faso, the group chosen for the first introduction of the vaccine. A multiple cross-sectional carriage study was conducted in one urban and two rural districts in Burkina Faso in 2009. Every 3 months, oropharyngeal samples were collected from >5,000 randomly selected individuals within a 4-week period. Isolation and identification of the meningococci from 20,326 samples were performed by national laboratories in Burkina Faso. Confirmation and further strain characterization, including genogrouping, multilocus sequence typing, andporA-fetAsequencing, were performed in Norway. The overall carriage preval...
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Background: In Burkina Faso, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay is not routinely used in the biological qualification of blood donations and this constitutes a risk factor for the transmission of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV)... more
Background: In Burkina Faso, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay is not routinely used in the biological qualification of blood donations and this constitutes a risk factor for the transmission of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during blood transfusion. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of occult B infection (OBI) among blood donors for the purposes of improved blood safety in Burkina Faso. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 300 HBsAg negative blood donors was conducted in the city of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso from April to October 2020. Anti-HBc antibody was determined using the BOSON® brand rapid tests. HBV DNA was detected in 75 selected donors by real-time PCR (rt PCR) using the 7500 Fast Real Time PCR assay technique. Results: Of the 300 HBsAg negative donors, 208 (69.3%) were males while 92 (30.7%) were females, with average age of 30.18 years. Anti-HBc antibody was detected in 39 cases (13%). Of the 75 donor samples te...
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Meningococcal infections occur as epidemics in the African meningitis belt. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A is predominantly involved in these epidemics. We report here new data on the involvement of both serogroups A and W135 in... more
Meningococcal infections occur as epidemics in the African meningitis belt. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A is predominantly involved in these epidemics. We report here new data on the involvement of both serogroups A and W135 in meningitis cases in Burkina Faso and Niger at the end of the 2001 epidemic.
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A retrospective study, concerning ten thousand five hundred and sixty five (10,565) stool samples examined from 1981 to 1990, was done at the Bacteriology Laboratory of Fann University Hospital, Dakar (Sénégal). One thousand and six... more
A retrospective study, concerning ten thousand five hundred and sixty five (10,565) stool samples examined from 1981 to 1990, was done at the Bacteriology Laboratory of Fann University Hospital, Dakar (Sénégal). One thousand and six hundred and eighty (1680) enteropathogen agents were detected (15.9%), five hundred ninety two (592) of which were vibrio cholerae. The quasi totality strains of the vibrio cholerae (99.8%) belonged to the Ogawa serotype; they were isolated mainly during the hot and raining season. Young male adults were the most infected. Most of the strains revealed sensitive to Sulfamids and Tetracycline.
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In the course of an epidemic of meningitis in Burkina Faso in 2001, 27 cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients in 7 districts were forwarded to Norway for isolation and characterization of the causative agents. Neisseria meningitidis... more
In the course of an epidemic of meningitis in Burkina Faso in 2001, 27 cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients in 7 districts were forwarded to Norway for isolation and characterization of the causative agents. Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from 13 (48%) samples. The isolates were analysed using serological and genetic methods. Of the 13 strains, 4 were serogroup A, serotype 21:P1.9, sequence type (ST)-5 and belonged to clonal subgroup III, while the remaining 9 strains were serogroup W135, serotype 2a:P1.5,2, ST-11 and belonged to the electrophoretic type-37 complex. PCR analyses revealed meningococcal DNA in 13/14 culture-negative samples. Sequence analysis of the PCR products demonstrated that at least 3 different meningococcal strains were responsible for these 13 cases. Our results show that the W135 strain associated with the 2000 hajj (Muslim pilgrimage) outbreak was a significant cause of disease in Burkina Faso in 2001. Further studies are warranted to determine whether W135 is about to replace serogroup A in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Research Interests: Diarrhea, Seasonality, Humans, Burkina Faso, Female, and 10 moreMale, Infant, Risk factors, Fever, Feces, Young Children, Age Factors, Risk Factors, Seasons, and Vomiting
In 2001 a significant proportion of cases of meningococcal meningitis toward the end of a serogroup A epidemic in Niger and Burkina Faso was found to be caused by serogroup W135 meningococci. The World Health Organization put in place in... more
In 2001 a significant proportion of cases of meningococcal meningitis toward the end of a serogroup A epidemic in Niger and Burkina Faso was found to be caused by serogroup W135 meningococci. The World Health Organization put in place in several African countries an extended surveillance scheme in preparation for a possible epidemic situation. In January 2002, the first large epidemic of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup W135 started in Burkina Faso, resulting in more than 12,000 cases and 1400 deaths. We report here the results of the laboratory-based surveillance and the characteristics of the epidemic clone.