Canarypox virus recombinant vaccines have a unique efficacy and safety profile for the vaccinated host because the canarypox virus is non‐replicative in mammalian hosts. After the vaccination of a mammalian species, recombinant canarypox... more
Canarypox virus recombinant vaccines have a unique efficacy and safety profile for the vaccinated host because the canarypox virus is non‐replicative in mammalian hosts. After the vaccination of a mammalian species, recombinant canarypox viruses express the inserted genes but cannot multiply in the host. They stimulate a strong immune response in the absence of any virus amplification in the host or any viral spread into the environment. A new canarypox‐based recombinant vaccine is the canarypox‐feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) vaccine (EURIFEL FeLV; Merial) that expresses the FeLV env and gag protective genes. This paper describes experiments which demonstrate that it is effective against any oronasal FeLv challenge. The protection was shown to be solid against an oronasal challenge one year after the initial vaccination, and was effective against a very severe ‘in‐contact’ challenge. Furthermore, the canarypox virus‐FeLv vaccine was effective without an adjuvant.
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Research Interests: Biology, Treatment Outcome, Medicine, France, Cats, and 15 moreDisease Outbreaks, Humans, Animals, Disease, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Feline, Veterinary Sciences, Outbreak, Feline calicivirus, Viral Load, Calicivirus, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Interviews as topic, and Cross Infection
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The present invention provides vectors that contain and express in vivo or in vitro FeLV antigens that elicit an immune response in animal or human against FeLV, compositions comprising said vectors and/or FeLV polypeptides, methods of... more
The present invention provides vectors that contain and express in vivo or in vitro FeLV antigens that elicit an immune response in animal or human against FeLV, compositions comprising said vectors and/or FeLV polypeptides, methods of vaccination against FeLV, and kits for use with such methods and compositions.
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An experimental challenge study of multicomponent vaccination of kittens is reported. Seven-to-nine week old, specific pathogen-free kittens received two injections (4 weeks apart) of non-adjuvanted, multicomponent vaccine formulated at... more
An experimental challenge study of multicomponent vaccination of kittens is reported. Seven-to-nine week old, specific pathogen-free kittens received two injections (4 weeks apart) of non-adjuvanted, multicomponent vaccine formulated at the minimum protective dose. Kittens were challenged at 4 weeks or 1 year post-vaccination with individual infectious agents. Vaccination induced complete protection against challenge from feline parvovirus on both occasions, but at 1 year, the protection against feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus and Chlamydophila felis was not as strong as 4 weeks after vaccination. This demonstration of a decline in protective immunity at the normal time of administration of the first booster vaccine suggests that earlier administration of this booster (at 4-6 months of age) may provide better protection. The effect of maternally derived antibody (MDA) on kitten vaccination was determined by conducting an identical experiment but with kittens born to queens vaccinated during pregnancy. Serum antibody titres to specific vaccine components were measured in these kittens on day 0 (time of first vaccination), day 28 (time of second vaccination) and day 42. There was heterogeneity in transfer of MDA to kittens within a litter, and between litters. MDA may neutralize the serological response of kittens on the first, and occasionally the second, occasion of vaccination when vaccination is performed at 8 and 12 weeks of age. This finding underpins recent recommendations that the final vaccination in the primary series be administered at 16 weeks of age.
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Feline calicivirus (FCV) is characterised by a high degree of antigenic variation potentially compromising vaccine efficacy. Inclusion of several FCV strains or antigens in current vaccines could be a means to improve protection against... more
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is characterised by a high degree of antigenic variation potentially compromising vaccine efficacy. Inclusion of several FCV strains or antigens in current vaccines could be a means to improve protection against antigenically distinct isolates. This study evaluated the synergy between two FCV strains (FCVG1 and FCV431) by comparing immunity induced by either strain with that provided by a combination of the two strains against an heterologous challenge with antigenically distant FCV strains (FCV393 and FCV220). Thirty-two SPF kittens were randomly allocated to four groups of eight cats in each group. Groups B, C and D cats were vaccinated once subcutaneously with strains FCVG1, FCV431, and FCVG1 + FCV431, respectively. Each kitten received a total dose of 10(3.4) CCID50 of FCV. Control group A was not immunised. On day 31, four cats from each group were challenged oronasally with FCV220 and four cats with FCV393. Following challenge, the cats were monitored for clinical signs, viral shedding and antibody responses. FCV220 and FCV393 induced severe clinical signs in control cats typical of FCV infection. Immunisation with both strains mixed together induced higher neutralizing antibody titres against FCV220 and FCV393 strains on average. Protection was observed in all groups, however combination of the two strains resulted in a better clinical protection and reduction of virus shedding after heterologous challenge. A moderate correlation was observed between neutralizing antibody titres at the time of challenge and protection against clinical signs. These results indicated that vaccines combining antigens from different FCV strains may induce a broader heterologous protection.
Research Interests: Microbiology, Biology, Medicine, Cats, Phylogeny, and 15 moreSequence alignment, Animals, Immunization, Body Temperature, Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Clinical Signs, Control Group, Neutralizing antibodies, Antigenic Variation, Random Allocation, Molecular Sequence Data, Antibody Response, Neutralization tests, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
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Despite the availability of efficacious vaccines for animals and humans, rabies is still a major zoonosis. Prevention of rabies in dogs and cats is key for reducing the risk of transmission of this deadly disease to humans. Most... more
Despite the availability of efficacious vaccines for animals and humans, rabies is still a major zoonosis. Prevention of rabies in dogs and cats is key for reducing the risk of transmission of this deadly disease to humans. Most veterinary vaccines are adjuvanted inactivated vaccines and have been shown to provide one to four-year duration of immunity. In response to debates about the safety of adjuvanted vaccines in cats, a non-adjuvanted feline rabies vaccine with one-year duration of immunity claim was specifically developed using the canarypoxvirus vector technology. The objective of this study was to validate a vaccination program based on primary vaccination, revaccination one year later and boosters every three years. Seronegative cats were vaccinated at 12 weeks of age and received a booster vaccination one year later. This vaccination regimen induced a strong and sustained antibody response, and all vaccinated animals were protected against virulent rabies challenge carried out 3 years after vaccination. These results validated 3-year duration of immunity after a complete basic vaccination program consisting in primary vaccination from 12 weeks of age followed by revaccination one year later with a non-adjuvanted canarypox-vectored vaccine.
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The canarypox vaccine vector (ALVAC) technology has been used to develop and license several vaccines for companion animals and horses in the European Union and USA. ALVAC is a ubiquitous vector with high biosafety since it is... more
The canarypox vaccine vector (ALVAC) technology has been used to develop and license several vaccines for companion animals and horses in the European Union and USA. ALVAC is a ubiquitous vector with high biosafety since it is non-replicative in mammalians, is genetically and physically stable, and able to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against the expressed transgene product. Specific rules apply for the development and registration of recombinant vector vaccines. The biology of the vector as well as the recombinant virus must be thoroughly documented to allow the risk assessment of its use in the target species. In particular, its safety for the host and the environment must be extensively demonstrated before field trials can be authorized.
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Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) is presumed to be enzootic in the dog population and is associated with fertility disorders and neonatal mortality. In this study we screened for risk factors affecting CHV-1 antibody titers and investigated... more
Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) is presumed to be enzootic in the dog population and is associated with fertility disorders and neonatal mortality. In this study we screened for risk factors affecting CHV-1 antibody titers and investigated the association between antibody titers and reproductive disorders. Therefore, serum from 545 dogs used for reproduction was analysed with an ELISA. Using a forward stepwise procedure and retaining significant risk factors (P<0.05), best fitting multifactorial generalized linear model (glm) procedures were built for males and females. The effect of antibody titers on reproductive disorders was analysed with logistic regression analysis. The association between reproductive disorders and seroprevalence was analysed in chi-square analyses using contingency tables. In both sexes, kennel cough and breeding management were found to have an impact on the CHV-1 antibody titer. Also, the influence of kennel cough on the antibody titer was correlated to the hygienic status of the kennel. In females, age, kennel size and cycle stage had an effect on CHV-1 antibody titers. Furthermore, kennel size and hygiene were found to be correlated. In males, mating experience had an impact on CHV-1 antibody titers. An association was observed between serological status and a history of abortion in bitches. In conclusion, this study suggests CHV-1 antibody titers may be affected by many factors, both on an environmental and host level. Therefore, interpretation of the serological status requires precaution. Furthermore, oronasal and venereal transmission seem to play a role in the spreading of infection.
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CURRENT vaccination programmes may require that cats be vaccinated against feline rhinotracheitis, calicivirosis, panleucopenia, chlamydiosis and feline leukaemia virus (felv) (rcpch-felv), as well as rabies. No vaccine containing all... more
CURRENT vaccination programmes may require that cats be vaccinated against feline rhinotracheitis, calicivirosis, panleucopenia, chlamydiosis and feline leukaemia virus (felv) (rcpch-felv), as well as rabies. No vaccine containing all these antigens is currently available on the market and, unless
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The induction of a quick onset of immunity against feline parvovirus (FPV), feline herpesvirus (FHV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) is critical both in young kittens after the decline of maternal antibodies and in cats at high risk of... more
The induction of a quick onset of immunity against feline parvovirus (FPV), feline herpesvirus (FHV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) is critical both in young kittens after the decline of maternal antibodies and in cats at high risk of exposure. The onset of immunity for the core components was evaluated in 8-9 week old specific pathogen free kittens by challenge 1 week after vaccination with a combined modified live (FPV, FHV) and inactivated (FCV) vaccine. The protection obtained 1 week after vaccination was compared to that obtained when the challenge was performed 3-4 weeks after vaccination. The protocol consisted of a single injection for vaccination against FPV and two injections 4 weeks apart for FHV and FCV. At 1 week after vaccination, the kittens showed no FPV-induced clinical signs or leukopenia following challenge, and after FCV and FHV challenges the clinical score was significantly lower in vaccinated animals than in controls. Interestingly, the relative efficacy of the vaccination was comparable whether the animals were challenged 1 week or 3-4 weeks after vaccination, indicating that the onset of protection occurred within 7 days of vaccination. Following the 1-week challenge, excretion of FPV, FHV and FCV was significantly reduced in vaccinated cats compared to control kittens, confirming the onset of immunity within 7 days of vaccination.
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Research Interests: Biology, Medicine, France, Logistic Regression, Cats, and 15 morePreventive Veterinary Medicine, Aggressive Behavior, Female, Animals, Pets, Male, Risk factors, Human Settlement, Risk Factors, Felis Catus, Epidemiologic Studies, Logistic Models, Feline immunodeficiency virus, Felis, and Rural Population
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Research Interests: Geography, Biology, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, Cats, and 15 moreMultiple testing, Infectious Disease, Sex ratio, Female, Animals, Male, Regression Analysis, Risk factors, PLoS one, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Social Factor, Female To Male, Feline immunodeficiency virus, and Confidence Interval
SUMMARYTestosterone is involved in the development and expression of physiological, morphological and behavioural traits. High levels are often associated with high infection risk and/or intensity, suggesting a trade-off between sexual... more
SUMMARYTestosterone is involved in the development and expression of physiological, morphological and behavioural traits. High levels are often associated with high infection risk and/or intensity, suggesting a trade-off between sexual traits and immunity. Classically invoked mechanisms are immunological or behavioural, i.e., testosterone increases susceptibility or resistance to parasites via an impact on immunity or modulates behaviours involved in parasite transmission. However, studies report contrasted patterns. Given its modes of action and the diversity of host-parasite interactions, testosterone should not act similarly on all interactions. To reduce host and context diversity, we studied 3 viruses in the same cat population: the aggressively transmitted Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and the Feline Calicivirus (FCV) and Herpesvirus (FHV) both transmitted during friendly contacts. Testosterone had a strong effect on the probability of being positive to FIV whereas its ...
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This report describes a nosocomial outbreak of feline calicivirus (FCV) associated virulent systemic disease (VSD) in a French veterinary teaching hospital in 2005. The outbreak started in March and resolved within 1 month. Signs,... more
This report describes a nosocomial outbreak of feline calicivirus (FCV) associated virulent systemic disease (VSD) in a French veterinary teaching hospital in 2005. The outbreak started in March and resolved within 1 month. Signs, clinical course, clinicopathological findings and lesions were typical of FCV-induced VSD. FCV infection was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Among the eight infected cats, two had to be euthanased, three died, and three recovered after medical treatment. Virus could not be confined inside the animal hospital and on two occasions, students' own cats became infected. Subsequent genetic sequencing studies confirmed that the eight cats were infected with the same strain of virus, and that it was distinct from those involved in the US and UK outbreaks of VSD. Virulence and viral excretion patterns of the isolated strain were further characterised by experimental infection.
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Studies of the response of the immune system to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) during primary infection have shown that a subpopulation ofCD8+T-cells with an activated phenotype and reduced expression of the CD8βchain (denoted... more
Studies of the response of the immune system to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) during primary infection have shown that a subpopulation ofCD8+T-cells with an activated phenotype and reduced expression of the CD8βchain (denoted CD8βlowT cells) expands to reach up to 80% of the totalCD8+T cell count. The expansion of this subpopulation is considered to be a signature of FIV and an indicator of immune system alteration. We use a simple mathematical formalism to study the relationships over time between the dose of infection, the size of the CD8βlowpopulation, and the circulating viral load in cats infected with FIV. Viremia profiles are described using a combination of two exponential laws, whereas the CD8βlowpercentage (out of the totalCD8+population) is represented by a Gompertz law including an expansion phase and a saturation phase. Model parameters are estimated with a population approach using data from 102 experimentally infected cats. We examine the dose of infection as a ...
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Research Interests: Biology, Mathematical Modelling, Biodiversity, Medicine, Cats, and 15 moreBiological Sciences, Population structure, Population, Virus, Genetic Structure, Case Study, Female, Animals, Male, Vaccination, Biological evolution, Mathematical Model, Genetic Polymorphism, Hair Color, and Spatial structure
Research Interests: Biology, Medicine, Cats, Biological Sciences, Respiratory Disease, and 12 moreAnimals, Monoclonal Antibodies, Capsid, Stomatitis, Respiratory Tract Infections, Monoclonal Antibody, Gingivitis, Antigenic Variation, Neutralization tests, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Medical and Health Sciences, and Oropharynx
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Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC). Several vaccines targeting this pathogen are currently licensed for use in dogs, but their mechanism of... more
Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC). Several vaccines targeting this pathogen are currently licensed for use in dogs, but their mechanism of action and the correlates of protection are not fully understood. To investigate this, we used a rat model to examine the immune responses induced and the protection conferred by a canine mucosal vaccine after challenge. Wistar rats were vaccinated orally or intranasally on D0 and D21 with a live attenuated Bb vaccine strain. At D35, the rats of all groups were inoculated with 103 CFU of a pathogenic strain of B. bronchiseptica. Animals vaccinated via either the intranasal or the oral route had Bb-specific IgG and IgM in their serum and Bb-specific IgA in nasal lavages. Bacterial load in the trachea, lung, and nasal lavages was lower in vaccinated animals than in non-vaccinated control animals. Interestingly, coughing improved in the group vaccinated i...
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La presente invention concerne des vaccins ou des compositions de parvovirus canin (CPV). Ledit vaccin ou ladite composition peut etre un vaccin ou une composition contenant des particules pseudo-virales (VLP) de parvovirus canin (CPV),... more
La presente invention concerne des vaccins ou des compositions de parvovirus canin (CPV). Ledit vaccin ou ladite composition peut etre un vaccin ou une composition contenant des particules pseudo-virales (VLP) de parvovirus canin (CPV), et leur procede de preparation et une utilisation associee. Lesdites VLP de CPV selon l'invention sont formees par la proteine VP2 de CPV. De plus, l'invention concerne de maniere generale des vaccins comprenant des combinaisons de MLV et de VLP, qui permettent de vaincre les MDA contre divers agents pathogenes, qui infectent diverses especes differentes.
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Research Interests: Immunology, Virology, Medicine, Cats, Efficacy, and 4 moreVaccine, Vaccination, Vaccine Efficacy, and FELV
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Research Interests: Biology, Virology, Medicine, Cats, Biological Sciences, and 15 moreVirulence, Phylogeny, Europe, Animals, Vaccine, North America, Heterologous Expression, Neutralization, Antigen, Neutralizing antibodies, Feline calicivirus, Severity of Illness Index, Sequence homology, Neutralization tests, and Medical and Health Sciences
The invention concerns immunogenic preparations and vaccines, in particular inactivated, efficient against feline calicivirus disease, based on strain 431 FCV virus as filed at the CNCM under access number CNCM I-2166, or one of its... more
The invention concerns immunogenic preparations and vaccines, in particular inactivated, efficient against feline calicivirus disease, based on strain 431 FCV virus as filed at the CNCM under access number CNCM I-2166, or one of its equivalents, in a carrier or excipient acceptable in veterinary medicine, preferably associated with the FCV virus derived from another FCV strain, in particular the G1 strain as filed at the CNCM under access number CNCM I-2167. The invention also concerns the hybridoma filed under access number CNCM I-2282, and the monoclonal antibody produced by said hybridoma.
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Catherine Cleuziat, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France catherine.cleuziat@boehringer-ingelheim.com Sophie Biard, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France Géraldine Popovic, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France Sylvain Lagresle, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France Chloé... more
Catherine Cleuziat, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France catherine.cleuziat@boehringer-ingelheim.com Sophie Biard, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France Géraldine Popovic, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France Sylvain Lagresle, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France Chloé Damiany, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France Christine Coupier, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France Chun Fang Shen, NRC, USA Amine Kamen, MacGill University, Canada Hervé Poulet, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France Noël Detraz, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France Zahia Hannas, Boehringer-Ingelheim, France
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Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is a recently discovered virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus of the virus family Paramyxoviridae. Often, the virus has been detected in urine of cats with a history of urinary disease and has a worldwide... more
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is a recently discovered virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus of the virus family Paramyxoviridae. Often, the virus has been detected in urine of cats with a history of urinary disease and has a worldwide distribution. Currently, it is unclear which receptor the virus uses to enter the target cells. Furthermore, many aspects of FeMV biology in vivo, including tissue tropism, pathogenesis, and virus excretion in the natural host remain unclear. In this study we analyzed the replication of FeMV in various cell lines. Secondly, we tested if the presence of feline SLAMF1 (Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule family 1/CD150, principal entry receptor for other members of the Morbillivirus genus) improved FeMV replication efficiency in vitro. Finally, to elucidate in vivo biology in cats, as a natural host for FeMV, we experimentally infected a group of cats and monitored clinical symptoms, viremia, and excretion of the virus during the course of 56 d...