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    Harry Edenborn

    • Rock phosphate immobilized in agarose beads effectively sorbed Pb from solution. • Net accumulation of Pb on beads occurred during simulated periodic stream releases. • Beads effectively detected Pb in stream water at a contaminated... more
    • Rock phosphate immobilized in agarose beads effectively sorbed Pb from solution. • Net accumulation of Pb on beads occurred during simulated periodic stream releases. • Beads effectively detected Pb in stream water at a contaminated industrial site. • Rock phosphate beads are useful qualitative tools for aqueous source tracking of Pb. a b s t r a c t In this study, passive detectors for Pb were prepared by immobilizing powdered rock phosphate in agarose beads. Rock phosphate has been used to treat Pb-contaminated waters and soil by fixing the metal as an insoluble pyromorphite mineral. Under lab conditions, Pb was rapidly adsorbed from aqueous solution by the beads over time, consistent with the acidic dissolution of rock phosphate, the precipitation of pyromorphite within the pore space of the agarose gel matrix, and surface exchange reactions. Net accumulation of Pb occurred when beads were exposed to simulated periodic releases of Pb over time. Under field conditions, beads in mesh bags were effective at detecting dissolved Pb being transported as surface runoff from a site highly contaminated with Pb. Rates of Pb accumulation in beads under field conditions appeared to be correlated with the frequency of storm events and total rainfall. The rock phosphate Abbreviations: RP, rock phosphate; ATAE, acid tar aqueous extract. agarose bead approach could be an inexpensive way to carry out source-tracking of Pb pollution, to verify the successful remediation of sites with Pb-contaminated soil, and to routinely monitor public water systems for potential Pb contamination. Published by Elsevier B.V.
    Research Interests:
    Extracts from staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) fruits were obtained from fresh fruits obtained from June to October in two successive years. Total acidity, pH, and concentrations of malic and succinic acids determined using liquid... more
    Extracts from staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) fruits were obtained from fresh fruits obtained from June to October in two successive years. Total acidity, pH, and concentrations of malic and succinic acids determined using liquid chromatography were measured for each extract. Acidity and acid concentrations reached their maxima in late July, and declined slowly thereafter. Malic and succinic acid concentrations in
    Heterotrophic bacterial uptake and turnover of glycolate were measured in the water column of the New York Bight apex during four seasonal cruises over almost a one-year period between May 1977 and March 1978. Glycolate turnover was most... more
    Heterotrophic bacterial uptake and turnover of glycolate were measured in the water column of the New York Bight apex during four seasonal cruises over almost a one-year period between May 1977 and March 1978. Glycolate turnover was most rapid in May and July, when primary productivity and estuarine runoff were high. Extremely rapid glycolate turnover times (<1 h) were detected
    The characteristics of Mn(II) removal from sediment porewater and the potential role of manganese-oxidizing bacteria in this process were examined in sediments from a 335-m deep station in the Laurentian Trough of the St. Lawrence... more
    The characteristics of Mn(II) removal from sediment porewater and the potential role of manganese-oxidizing bacteria in this process were examined in sediments from a 335-m deep station in the Laurentian Trough of the St. Lawrence estuary. Manganese-oxidizing ...
    ABSTRACT The processing, storage, and flux of inorganic carbon in rivers and streams play an influential role in the lateral transfer of atmospheric and terrestrial carbon to the marine environment. Quantifying and understanding this... more
    ABSTRACT The processing, storage, and flux of inorganic carbon in rivers and streams play an influential role in the lateral transfer of atmospheric and terrestrial carbon to the marine environment. Quantifying and understanding this transfer requires a rapid and accurate means of measuring representative concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CO2 in field settings. This paper describes a field method for the determination of DIC based on the direct measurement of dissolved CO2 using a commercial carbonation meter. A 100-mL water sample is combined with 10 mL of a high ionic strength, low-pH, citrate buffer, mixed well, and the dissolved CO2 concentration is measured directly. The DIC is then calculated based on the dissolved CO2 concentration, buffer-controlled ionic strength, pH, and temperature of the mixture. The method was accurate, precise, and comparable to standard laboratory analytical methods when tested using prepared sodium bicarbonate solutions up to 40 mM DIC, North Atlantic seawater, commercial bottled waters, and carbonate spring waters. Coal mine drainage waters were also tested and often contained higher DIC concentrations in the field than in subsequent laboratory measurements; the greatest discrepancy was for the high-CO2 samples, suggesting that degassing occurred after sample collection. For chemically unstable waters and low-pH waters, such as those from high-CO2 mine waters, the proposed field DIC method may enable the collection of DIC data that are more representative of natural settings.
    A hardwood biochar was examined for its potential use as an amendment to aid in the phytostabilization of a severely-contaminated soil at a former sulfuric acid recycling factory site. The soil, which has remained unvegetated for nearly a... more
    A hardwood biochar was examined for its potential use as an amendment to aid in the phytostabilization of a severely-contaminated soil at a former sulfuric acid recycling factory site. The soil, which has remained unvegetated for nearly a century, contained high pseudo-total concentrations of lead, arsenic and antimony and was both highly acidic and hydrophobic due to the presence of petroleum-based acid tar. Three application approaches were tested with 10 and 20% (vol/vol) biochar: Incorporation into soil, top-dressing on the surface, and layering within the soil. The results suggest that the homogeneous mixing of the hardwood biochar into soil would not promote the long-term restoration at this site due to its inherently low alkalinity relative to the very high net acidity of the existing soil. In contrast, surface application of biochar resulted in the most successful growth of Canada wild-rye grass by exploiting the properties inherent to biochar alone.
    Preliminary effects of Marcellus shale drilling on Louisiana Waterthrush in West Virginia; Page 1 of 1; Doug Becker and James Sheehan, WV Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, West Virginia Univ.,; Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Petra... more
    Preliminary effects of Marcellus shale drilling on Louisiana Waterthrush in West Virginia; Page 1 of 1; Doug Becker and James Sheehan, WV Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, West Virginia Univ.,; Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Petra Bohall Wood, U.S. Geological Survey, WV Cooperative Fish and Wildlife; Research Unit, West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Harry Edenborn, National Energy Technology; Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA.; Spurred by technological advances and high energy prices, extraction of natural gas from Marcellus shale is; increasing in the Appalachian Region. Because little is known about effects on wildlife populations, we studied; immediate impacts of oil and gas CO&G) extraction on demographics and relative abundance of Louisiana; Waterthrush'CLOWA), a riparian obligate species, to establish a baseline for potential future changes. Annually; in 2008-2010, we conducted point counts, monitored Mayfield nesting success, spotted-mapped territories, and; measured habitat quality using the EPA Rapid Bioassessment protocol for high gradient streams and a LOWA; Habitat Suitability Index CHSI) on a 4,100 ha study area in northern West Virginia. On 11 streams, the stream; length affected by O&G activities was 0-58%. Relative abundance, territory denSity, and nest success varied; annually but were not significantly different across years. Success did not differ between impacted and; unimpacted nests, but territory density had minimal correlation with percent of stream impacted by O&G; activities. Impacted nests had lower HSI values in 2010 and lower EPA indices in 2009. High site fidelity could; mask the immediate impacts of habitat disturbance from drilling as we measured return rates of 57%. All; returning individuals were on the same stream they were banded and 88% were within 250 m of their territory; from the previous year. We also observed a spatial shift in LOWA territories, perhaps in response to drilling; activities. Preliminary results identified few differences at low habitat disturbance levels but highlight the need; for continued monitoring with increasing disturbance.; file:
    Research Interests:
    Constructed wetlands are used by coal mining companies to lower concentrations of dissolved Fe and Mn and reduce the cost of treating mine drainage chemically. Biological activity in wetlands assists in the removal of these metals by... more
    Constructed wetlands are used by coal mining companies to lower concentrations of dissolved Fe and Mn and reduce the cost of treating mine drainage chemically. Biological activity in wetlands assists in the removal of these metals by mediating their oxidation and reduction, and the intensity of these reactions is influenced strongly by seasonal fluctuations in wetlands have been developed empirically based on field observations, but few details are known about the spatial and temporal variation in Mn diagenesis within these wetlands. Biological activity within wetland sediments is known to be very heterogeneous, due in part to the complex composition of the composted organic materials used in wetland construction. This heterogeneity makes it difficult to assess the importance of specific diagenetic processes without taking large numbers of samples at great expense. In this study, continuous gradient gels (CGGs) were used to evaluate metal diagenesis spatially and seasonally within t...
    Background/Question/Methods Concentrated sulfuric acid used to clarify kerosene at oil refineries in Titusville, PA in the 1800s was recycled at a nearby factory. The factory, which operated between ca. 1870 and 1917, contributed multiple... more
    Background/Question/Methods Concentrated sulfuric acid used to clarify kerosene at oil refineries in Titusville, PA in the 1800s was recycled at a nearby factory. The factory, which operated between ca. 1870 and 1917, contributed multiple heavy metals and acid to the soil from lead-lined tanks and distillation pans. Today, large portions of the site remain only partially vegetated in an otherwise densely-forested area, and vegetation is limited to isolated “islands” of wind-blown plant litter that serve as buffers from the underlying contaminated soil. In this study, we assessed the relationship between contaminant distribution at the site, soil microbial activity, and the ability of specific amendments/treatments to ameliorate factors that limit natural site restoration. Surface soil samples were taken in a grid pattern over the study site and analyzed for pH, total and bioaccessible metals, soil enzyme activity and Biolog ECO plates. Existing plant species were inventoried along t...
    Abstract A bench-scale biogenic sulfide and limestone treatment system was used to treat-acidic metal-contaminated water from the Berkeley Pit, an abandoned open-pit copper mine in Butte, Montana. Hydrogen sulfide was generated in a... more
    Abstract A bench-scale biogenic sulfide and limestone treatment system was used to treat-acidic metal-contaminated water from the Berkeley Pit, an abandoned open-pit copper mine in Butte, Montana. Hydrogen sulfide was generated in a sulfate reduction bioreactor and ...
    The effect of sequence on copolymer properties is rarely studied despite the precedent from Nature that monomer order can create materials of significant diversity. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), one of the most important... more
    The effect of sequence on copolymer properties is rarely studied despite the precedent from Nature that monomer order can create materials of significant diversity. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), one of the most important biodegradable copolymers, is widely used in an unsequenced, random form for both drug delivery microparticles and tissue engineering matrices. Sequenced PLGA copolymers have been synthesized and fabricated into microparticles to study how their hydrolysis rates compare to those of random copolymers. Sequenced PLGA microparticles were found to degrade at slower, and often more constant, rates than random copolymers with the same lactic to glycolic acid ratios as demonstrated by molecular weight decrease, lactic acid release, and thermal property analyses. The impact of copolymer sequence on in vitro release was studied using PLGA microparticles loaded with model agent rhodamine-B. These assays established that copolymer sequence affects the rate of release and that a more gradual burst release can be achieved using sequenced copolymers compared to a random control.
    We present the design, synthesis, and physical and photophysical characterization of Eu(3+) and Gd(3+) complexes formed with two ligands bearing either one or three fluorene sensitizer units. As a novel sensitizing approach, the oligomer... more
    We present the design, synthesis, and physical and photophysical characterization of Eu(3+) and Gd(3+) complexes formed with two ligands bearing either one or three fluorene sensitizer units. As a novel sensitizing approach, the oligomer length is used to control the energies of the triplet states of the sensitizer and to mediate the sensitizer to lanthanide energy transfer.
    ... Keywords alabandite, coal mine drainage, early diagenesis, iron monosulfide, manganese, manganese oxide, redox gel ... open water area developed extensive oating algal mats in the early summer (ca. ... MnCO3) being more likely to form... more
    ... Keywords alabandite, coal mine drainage, early diagenesis, iron monosulfide, manganese, manganese oxide, redox gel ... open water area developed extensive oating algal mats in the early summer (ca. ... MnCO3) being more likely to form prior to the other carbonate minerals. ...
    ... I'Alimentation du Quebec, Direction generale des Peches Maritimes, Direction de la recherche scientijique et technique, 96 Mont&e, Sandy Beach, Gasp& ... been noted by a number of authors (Leim & Day 1959; Bergeron... more
    ... I'Alimentation du Quebec, Direction generale des Peches Maritimes, Direction de la recherche scientijique et technique, 96 Mont&e, Sandy Beach, Gasp& ... been noted by a number of authors (Leim & Day 1959; Bergeron 1960; Vladykov & McAllister 1961; Ouellet 1982; Syvitski ...