Inhaled corticosteroids offer substantial benefit in controlling symptoms for the vast majority o... more Inhaled corticosteroids offer substantial benefit in controlling symptoms for the vast majority of children with asthma. However, poor adherence to therapy is very common, especially among older children and adolescents as they transition to self-management of their disease. The introduction of once-daily inhaled fluticasone furoate, either alone or in combination with the long-acting β-agonist, vilanterol, simplifies chronic asthma therapy and may improve adherence and as a result, outcomes in this vulnerable population. Opportunities exist for additional study of this agent in younger children, particularly with regard to safety and growth suppression. This review provides an overview of the pharmacology, safety and efficacy data regarding use of fluticasone furoate in the treatment of childhood asthma.
To assess and compare prescribing error-identification rates by health professional students. Med... more To assess and compare prescribing error-identification rates by health professional students. Medical, pharmacy, and nursing students were asked to complete a questionnaire on which they evaluated the accuracy of 3 prescriptions and indicated the type of error found, if any. The number of correctly identified prescribing errors and the number of correct types of errors identified were compared and error identification rates for each group were calculated. One hundred seventy-five questionnaires were returned (87% response rate). Pharmacy students had a significantly higher error-identification rate than medical and nursing students (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between medical and nursing students (p = 0.88). Compared to medical students, pharmacy students more often were able to identify correctly the error type for each prescription (p < 0.001; p = 0.023; p = 0.001). Of the 3 student groups, pharmacy students demonstrated a significantly higher error-ide...
The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Research Affairs Committee published a commentar... more The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Research Affairs Committee published a commentary in 2013 on training clinical pharmacy scientists in the context of changes in economic, professional, political, and research environments. The commentary centered on the opportunities for pharmacists in clinical/translational research including strategies for ACCP, colleges of pharmacy, and the profession to increase the number and impact of clinical pharmacy scientists. A postdoctoral fellowship is cited as a current training pathway, capable of producing independent and productive pharmacy researchers. However, a decline in the number of programs, decreased funding availability, and variability in fellowship program activities and research focus have brought into question the relevance of this research training pathway to meet demand and opportunities. In response to these points, this commentary examines the state of research fellowship training including the current ACCP research ...
Dexmedetomidine is being used off-label as an adjunctive agent for sedation and analgesia in pedi... more Dexmedetomidine is being used off-label as an adjunctive agent for sedation and analgesia in pediatric patients in the critical care unit and for sedation during non-invasive procedures in radiology. It also has a potential role as part of anesthesia care to prevent emergence delirium and postanesthesia shivering. Dexmedetomidine is currently approved by the US FDA for sedation only in adults undergoing mechanical ventilation for <24 hours. Pediatric experiences in the literature are in the form of small studies and case reports. In patients sedated for mechanical ventilation and/or opioid/benzodiazepine withdrawal, the loading dose ranged from 0.5 to 1 microg/kg and was usually administered over 10 minutes, although not all patients received loading doses. This patient group also received a continuous infusion at rates ranging from 0.2 to 2 microg/kg/h, with higher rates used in burn patients and those with withdrawal following > or =24 hours of opioid/benzodiazepine infusion...
The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG, 2011
With the initiatives by the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration, p... more With the initiatives by the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration, pharmacogenomics has now moved from the laboratory to the patient bedside. Over 100 drug-products now contain pharmacogenomic information as part of their labeling. Many of these are commonly used in the pediatric population. Direct-to-consumer genetic test kits also require intervention and guidance from healthcare professionals. This increased trend towards personalized medicine mandates that healthcare professionals develop a working knowledge about pharmacogenomics and its application towards patient care. Because pharmacogenomic testing can provide patient-specific predictors for response to and safety of medications, pharmacists are positioned to play an active role in pharmacogenomic testing, clinical interpretation of results, and recommendations for individualization of drug therapy. Opportunities for pharmacists exist in both inpatient and outpatient settings, such as pharmacist...
Little is known about U.S. outpatient prescribing trends for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adolescent... more Little is known about U.S. outpatient prescribing trends for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adolescents and young adults. To determine (a) trends in the outpatient prescribing of pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies and (b) factors influencing prescribing trends for adolescents and young adults with T2DM. A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted on office visits of adolescents (12-17 years) and young adults (18-39 years) with T2DM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) from 1996-2005. Logistic regression was used to test for prescribing trends over time. There were an estimated 1.6 million (93.7% T2DM; 4.4% T2DM + IGT; 1.9% IGT) and 22.2 million (88.1% T2DM; 11.9% IGT) office visits for adolescents (0.4% of all adolescent visits) and young adults (1.2% of all young adult visits) associated with T2DM based on ICD-9-CM codes, respectively. In young adults, diabetes drug mentions increased significantly from ...
/ Thematic Poster Session / Sunday, May 16/8:15 AM-4:00 PM / Area A, A53 CYSTIC FIBROSIS: CLINICA... more / Thematic Poster Session / Sunday, May 16/8:15 AM-4:00 PM / Area A, A53 CYSTIC FIBROSIS: CLINICAL PEDIATRIC STUDIES ... Hall G (First Level), Morial Convention Center ... Influence Of An Inhaled B-agonist On Alveolar-Capillary Membrane Conductance And ...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease that adversely affects the lung resulting in a reduction in lun... more Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease that adversely affects the lung resulting in a reduction in lung diffusion. Stimulation of the β(2)-adrenergic receptors mediates mucociliary clearance and bronchodilation. We sought to determine the influence of an inhaled β-agonist on the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), alveolar-capillary membrane conductance (D(M)), pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) in subjects with CF, when compared to matched healthy subjects, according to genetic variation of the β(2)-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). To determine this we recruited 18 subjects with CF and 20 healthy subjects (age = 23 ± 7 vs. 24±4years; ht = 168 ± 8 vs. 174 ± 12 cm; wt = 64 ± 16 vs. 70 ± 13 kg; BMI = 23 ± 4 vs. 23±3 kg/m(2); FEV(1) = 72 ± 27 vs. 92 ± 12%pred; VO(2peak) = 45 ± 25 vs. 99 ± 24%pred, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05 for FEV(1) and VO(2peak), mean ± SD, for CF and healthy, respectively). The study involved measurement of DLCO, D(M), V(C) and SaO(2) before and 30, 60, and 90 min following the administration of inhaled albuterol. Subjects were stratified according to genetic variation of ADRB2, Gln(27)Gln vs. Glu(27)Glu/Gln(27)Glu. Within the healthy group, there were no differences in DLCO, D(M), V(C), D(M)/V(C) at baseline or in response to albuterol according to genetic variation of the ADRB2 at amino acid 27. Within the CF group, the Glu(27)Glu/Gln(27)Glu group had higher D(M)/V(C) and SaO(2) when compared to the Gln(27)Gln group at baseline (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Both genotype groups demonstrated a significant decline in V(C) and an improvement in D(M)/V(C) and SaO(2) in response to albuterol. Subjects with the Glu(27) genotype experienced a greater improvement in D(M)/V(C) with albuterol when compared to subjects homozygous for Gln at amino acid 27. These results suggest that there are differences in lung diffusion and peripheral SaO(2) according to genetic variation of the ADRB2 at position 27 which could play a potential role in dosing options or adjustments that may be required according to genotype.
This study aimed to determine if patient age is an independent predictor of the propofol dose req... more This study aimed to determine if patient age is an independent predictor of the propofol dose required for the induction of sedation in pediatric patients for procedures performed in the emergency department (ED).
The study objectives were to (1) determine the types and frequency of off-label (OL) or unlicense... more The study objectives were to (1) determine the types and frequency of off-label (OL) or unlicensed (UL) medications used in a pediatric emergency department (PED) and before admission, (2) describe OL/UL-associated adverse drug events (ADEs) resulting in admission to the PED and those occurring during patient care in PED, and (3) determine the outcomes of these ADEs. Medical records of patients 18 years or younger admitted to the PED over a 5-month period were reviewed. Off-label/UL use of medications was determined based on Food and Drug Administration-approved labeling. The Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale was used to determine ADE causality. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 2191 patients with 6675 medication orders were evaluated. About 26.2% (n = 1712) of medication orders were considered as OL/ UL use; 70.5% (n = 1208) of these medications were ordered as part of treatment in the PED, and the remaining 29.5% (n = 504) were home medications before their PED evaluation. Inhaled bronchodilators (30.4%), antimicrobials (14.8%), and antihistamines/antiemetics (9.1%) were the most common OL/UL medication classes. The frequency of ADEs among licensed medication use was greater compared with OL/UL use by 2-fold. Reported overall rate of ADEs was 0.6% (n = 40). Of these 40 ADEs, 5 resulted from the use of an OL/UL medication, 3 from home medication use, and 2 from PED-prescribed medications. The frequency of reported ADEs associated with OL/UL medications was less than the frequency of ADEs from licensed medication use, with overall ADE frequency of less than 1%.
Propofol dose requirements may differ in the elderly due to age-related changes in pharmacokineti... more Propofol dose requirements may differ in the elderly due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic variables. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of patient age on propofol dose required for procedural sedation in the Emergency Department (ED). This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary hospital ED. Adult patients who underwent procedural sedation in the ED using propofol were grouped a priori by age into three categories: 18-40 years, 41-64 years, and ≥65 years. The median induction dose and total dose of propofol required for the procedure was compared between the three age group categories. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to adjust for confounders. A total of 170 patients were included in the final analyses: 18-40 years (n = 66), 41-64 years (n = 59), and ≥65 years (n = 45). The median induction dose was 1.4, 1, and 0.9 mg/kg, respectively; and the median total propofol dose was 2, 1.7, and 1.2 mg/kg, respectively. The ≥65 year-old group required significantly less propofol (mg/kg) for induction (compared to the 18-40-year-old group) and for the entire procedure (compared to all other groups) (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). In the multivariate linear regression analyses, patient age was negatively predictive of induction dose (coefficient -0.011, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.017 to -0.005) and total dose (coefficient -0.014, 95% CI -0.022-0.007) after adjusting for confounders. Elderly patients may require lower doses of propofol for procedural sedation in the ED, compared to younger adults.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2011
To assess and compare prescribing error-identification rates by health professional students. Med... more To assess and compare prescribing error-identification rates by health professional students. Medical, pharmacy, and nursing students were asked to complete a questionnaire on which they evaluated the accuracy of 3 prescriptions and indicated the type of error found, if any. The number of correctly identified prescribing errors and the number of correct types of errors identified were compared and error identification rates for each group were calculated. One hundred seventy-five questionnaires were returned (87% response rate). Pharmacy students had a significantly higher error-identification rate than medical and nursing students (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). No significant differences were found between medical and nursing students (p = 0.88). Compared to medical students, pharmacy students more often were able to identify correctly the error type for each prescription (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001; p = 0.023; p = 0.001). Of the 3 student groups, pharmacy students demonstrated a significantly higher error-identification rate, which may be associated with the greater number of pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics course hours that pharmacy students complete.
Inhaled corticosteroids offer substantial benefit in controlling symptoms for the vast majority o... more Inhaled corticosteroids offer substantial benefit in controlling symptoms for the vast majority of children with asthma. However, poor adherence to therapy is very common, especially among older children and adolescents as they transition to self-management of their disease. The introduction of once-daily inhaled fluticasone furoate, either alone or in combination with the long-acting β-agonist, vilanterol, simplifies chronic asthma therapy and may improve adherence and as a result, outcomes in this vulnerable population. Opportunities exist for additional study of this agent in younger children, particularly with regard to safety and growth suppression. This review provides an overview of the pharmacology, safety and efficacy data regarding use of fluticasone furoate in the treatment of childhood asthma.
To assess and compare prescribing error-identification rates by health professional students. Med... more To assess and compare prescribing error-identification rates by health professional students. Medical, pharmacy, and nursing students were asked to complete a questionnaire on which they evaluated the accuracy of 3 prescriptions and indicated the type of error found, if any. The number of correctly identified prescribing errors and the number of correct types of errors identified were compared and error identification rates for each group were calculated. One hundred seventy-five questionnaires were returned (87% response rate). Pharmacy students had a significantly higher error-identification rate than medical and nursing students (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between medical and nursing students (p = 0.88). Compared to medical students, pharmacy students more often were able to identify correctly the error type for each prescription (p < 0.001; p = 0.023; p = 0.001). Of the 3 student groups, pharmacy students demonstrated a significantly higher error-ide...
The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Research Affairs Committee published a commentar... more The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Research Affairs Committee published a commentary in 2013 on training clinical pharmacy scientists in the context of changes in economic, professional, political, and research environments. The commentary centered on the opportunities for pharmacists in clinical/translational research including strategies for ACCP, colleges of pharmacy, and the profession to increase the number and impact of clinical pharmacy scientists. A postdoctoral fellowship is cited as a current training pathway, capable of producing independent and productive pharmacy researchers. However, a decline in the number of programs, decreased funding availability, and variability in fellowship program activities and research focus have brought into question the relevance of this research training pathway to meet demand and opportunities. In response to these points, this commentary examines the state of research fellowship training including the current ACCP research ...
Dexmedetomidine is being used off-label as an adjunctive agent for sedation and analgesia in pedi... more Dexmedetomidine is being used off-label as an adjunctive agent for sedation and analgesia in pediatric patients in the critical care unit and for sedation during non-invasive procedures in radiology. It also has a potential role as part of anesthesia care to prevent emergence delirium and postanesthesia shivering. Dexmedetomidine is currently approved by the US FDA for sedation only in adults undergoing mechanical ventilation for <24 hours. Pediatric experiences in the literature are in the form of small studies and case reports. In patients sedated for mechanical ventilation and/or opioid/benzodiazepine withdrawal, the loading dose ranged from 0.5 to 1 microg/kg and was usually administered over 10 minutes, although not all patients received loading doses. This patient group also received a continuous infusion at rates ranging from 0.2 to 2 microg/kg/h, with higher rates used in burn patients and those with withdrawal following > or =24 hours of opioid/benzodiazepine infusion...
The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG, 2011
With the initiatives by the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration, p... more With the initiatives by the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration, pharmacogenomics has now moved from the laboratory to the patient bedside. Over 100 drug-products now contain pharmacogenomic information as part of their labeling. Many of these are commonly used in the pediatric population. Direct-to-consumer genetic test kits also require intervention and guidance from healthcare professionals. This increased trend towards personalized medicine mandates that healthcare professionals develop a working knowledge about pharmacogenomics and its application towards patient care. Because pharmacogenomic testing can provide patient-specific predictors for response to and safety of medications, pharmacists are positioned to play an active role in pharmacogenomic testing, clinical interpretation of results, and recommendations for individualization of drug therapy. Opportunities for pharmacists exist in both inpatient and outpatient settings, such as pharmacist...
Little is known about U.S. outpatient prescribing trends for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adolescent... more Little is known about U.S. outpatient prescribing trends for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adolescents and young adults. To determine (a) trends in the outpatient prescribing of pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies and (b) factors influencing prescribing trends for adolescents and young adults with T2DM. A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted on office visits of adolescents (12-17 years) and young adults (18-39 years) with T2DM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) from 1996-2005. Logistic regression was used to test for prescribing trends over time. There were an estimated 1.6 million (93.7% T2DM; 4.4% T2DM + IGT; 1.9% IGT) and 22.2 million (88.1% T2DM; 11.9% IGT) office visits for adolescents (0.4% of all adolescent visits) and young adults (1.2% of all young adult visits) associated with T2DM based on ICD-9-CM codes, respectively. In young adults, diabetes drug mentions increased significantly from ...
/ Thematic Poster Session / Sunday, May 16/8:15 AM-4:00 PM / Area A, A53 CYSTIC FIBROSIS: CLINICA... more / Thematic Poster Session / Sunday, May 16/8:15 AM-4:00 PM / Area A, A53 CYSTIC FIBROSIS: CLINICAL PEDIATRIC STUDIES ... Hall G (First Level), Morial Convention Center ... Influence Of An Inhaled B-agonist On Alveolar-Capillary Membrane Conductance And ...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease that adversely affects the lung resulting in a reduction in lun... more Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease that adversely affects the lung resulting in a reduction in lung diffusion. Stimulation of the β(2)-adrenergic receptors mediates mucociliary clearance and bronchodilation. We sought to determine the influence of an inhaled β-agonist on the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), alveolar-capillary membrane conductance (D(M)), pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) in subjects with CF, when compared to matched healthy subjects, according to genetic variation of the β(2)-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). To determine this we recruited 18 subjects with CF and 20 healthy subjects (age = 23 ± 7 vs. 24±4years; ht = 168 ± 8 vs. 174 ± 12 cm; wt = 64 ± 16 vs. 70 ± 13 kg; BMI = 23 ± 4 vs. 23±3 kg/m(2); FEV(1) = 72 ± 27 vs. 92 ± 12%pred; VO(2peak) = 45 ± 25 vs. 99 ± 24%pred, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05 for FEV(1) and VO(2peak), mean ± SD, for CF and healthy, respectively). The study involved measurement of DLCO, D(M), V(C) and SaO(2) before and 30, 60, and 90 min following the administration of inhaled albuterol. Subjects were stratified according to genetic variation of ADRB2, Gln(27)Gln vs. Glu(27)Glu/Gln(27)Glu. Within the healthy group, there were no differences in DLCO, D(M), V(C), D(M)/V(C) at baseline or in response to albuterol according to genetic variation of the ADRB2 at amino acid 27. Within the CF group, the Glu(27)Glu/Gln(27)Glu group had higher D(M)/V(C) and SaO(2) when compared to the Gln(27)Gln group at baseline (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Both genotype groups demonstrated a significant decline in V(C) and an improvement in D(M)/V(C) and SaO(2) in response to albuterol. Subjects with the Glu(27) genotype experienced a greater improvement in D(M)/V(C) with albuterol when compared to subjects homozygous for Gln at amino acid 27. These results suggest that there are differences in lung diffusion and peripheral SaO(2) according to genetic variation of the ADRB2 at position 27 which could play a potential role in dosing options or adjustments that may be required according to genotype.
This study aimed to determine if patient age is an independent predictor of the propofol dose req... more This study aimed to determine if patient age is an independent predictor of the propofol dose required for the induction of sedation in pediatric patients for procedures performed in the emergency department (ED).
The study objectives were to (1) determine the types and frequency of off-label (OL) or unlicense... more The study objectives were to (1) determine the types and frequency of off-label (OL) or unlicensed (UL) medications used in a pediatric emergency department (PED) and before admission, (2) describe OL/UL-associated adverse drug events (ADEs) resulting in admission to the PED and those occurring during patient care in PED, and (3) determine the outcomes of these ADEs. Medical records of patients 18 years or younger admitted to the PED over a 5-month period were reviewed. Off-label/UL use of medications was determined based on Food and Drug Administration-approved labeling. The Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale was used to determine ADE causality. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 2191 patients with 6675 medication orders were evaluated. About 26.2% (n = 1712) of medication orders were considered as OL/ UL use; 70.5% (n = 1208) of these medications were ordered as part of treatment in the PED, and the remaining 29.5% (n = 504) were home medications before their PED evaluation. Inhaled bronchodilators (30.4%), antimicrobials (14.8%), and antihistamines/antiemetics (9.1%) were the most common OL/UL medication classes. The frequency of ADEs among licensed medication use was greater compared with OL/UL use by 2-fold. Reported overall rate of ADEs was 0.6% (n = 40). Of these 40 ADEs, 5 resulted from the use of an OL/UL medication, 3 from home medication use, and 2 from PED-prescribed medications. The frequency of reported ADEs associated with OL/UL medications was less than the frequency of ADEs from licensed medication use, with overall ADE frequency of less than 1%.
Propofol dose requirements may differ in the elderly due to age-related changes in pharmacokineti... more Propofol dose requirements may differ in the elderly due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic variables. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of patient age on propofol dose required for procedural sedation in the Emergency Department (ED). This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary hospital ED. Adult patients who underwent procedural sedation in the ED using propofol were grouped a priori by age into three categories: 18-40 years, 41-64 years, and ≥65 years. The median induction dose and total dose of propofol required for the procedure was compared between the three age group categories. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to adjust for confounders. A total of 170 patients were included in the final analyses: 18-40 years (n = 66), 41-64 years (n = 59), and ≥65 years (n = 45). The median induction dose was 1.4, 1, and 0.9 mg/kg, respectively; and the median total propofol dose was 2, 1.7, and 1.2 mg/kg, respectively. The ≥65 year-old group required significantly less propofol (mg/kg) for induction (compared to the 18-40-year-old group) and for the entire procedure (compared to all other groups) (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). In the multivariate linear regression analyses, patient age was negatively predictive of induction dose (coefficient -0.011, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.017 to -0.005) and total dose (coefficient -0.014, 95% CI -0.022-0.007) after adjusting for confounders. Elderly patients may require lower doses of propofol for procedural sedation in the ED, compared to younger adults.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2011
To assess and compare prescribing error-identification rates by health professional students. Med... more To assess and compare prescribing error-identification rates by health professional students. Medical, pharmacy, and nursing students were asked to complete a questionnaire on which they evaluated the accuracy of 3 prescriptions and indicated the type of error found, if any. The number of correctly identified prescribing errors and the number of correct types of errors identified were compared and error identification rates for each group were calculated. One hundred seventy-five questionnaires were returned (87% response rate). Pharmacy students had a significantly higher error-identification rate than medical and nursing students (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). No significant differences were found between medical and nursing students (p = 0.88). Compared to medical students, pharmacy students more often were able to identify correctly the error type for each prescription (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001; p = 0.023; p = 0.001). Of the 3 student groups, pharmacy students demonstrated a significantly higher error-identification rate, which may be associated with the greater number of pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics course hours that pharmacy students complete.
Uploads
Papers