Papers by Héctor Arcusa Magallón
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Actas: 14 y 15 noviembre 2019, 2020, ISBN 978-84-09-21258-3, págs. 101-114, 2020
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5.º Congresso do Neolítico Peninsular. Actas: Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, 7-9 abril 2011, 2015, ISBN 978-989-99146-1-2, págs. 189-197, 2015
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Actas: 9 y 10 de noviembre de 2017, 2018, ISBN 978-84-09-02130-7, págs. 439-449, 2018
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Actas: 9 y 10 de noviembre de 2017, 2018, ISBN 978-84-09-02130-7, págs. 603-609, 2018
Durante el año 2016 y de la mano de la Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT)... more Durante el año 2016 y de la mano de la Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT) hemos desarrollado un Proyecto didáctico y divulgativo que tiene su origen en las investigaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo por nuestro equipo en la Cueva de Els Trocs (Bisaurri, Huesca). La constatación en este yacimiento de las primeras actividades pastoriles trashumantes de la Península Ibérica nos impulsó a intentar rememorar el camino de estos primeros pastores acompañando a uno de los pocos pastores trashumantes que todavía quedan en el Pirineo. Con ello pretendíamos y creemos haber logrado, toda una serie de objetivos tanto de investigación como de divulgación científica que podríamos concretar en: conocimiento detallado y valorización de las cabañeras por las que hoy discurren los rebaños y que probablemente tienen su origen en época neolítica; divulgación científica a gran escala de toda nuestra actividad arqueológica; hacer partícipes a las poblaciones locales tanto del proyecto de investigación como del programa de divulgación (edición de documentales en TVE, divulgación en los centros de educación de los valles de Benasque y Castejón de Sos, contacto directo con los habitantes de los núcleos de población por los que pasaba la cabañera…). Del mismo modo las redes sociales (Página web www.medelca.es, cuentas en Facebook y Twitter) con más de medio millón de interacciones han sido el vehículo principal de divulgación de todo el proyecto.
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Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 2019
Abstract (Survival of dual Hunter-Gatherer ancestry in the Iberian Peninsula): The Iberian Penins... more Abstract (Survival of dual Hunter-Gatherer ancestry in the Iberian Peninsula): The Iberian Peninsula conformed a periglacial refugium for Pleistocene hunter-gatherers (HG) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) which served as a potential source for the re-peopling of northern latitudes. After 14,000 years ago, the genetic signature was dominated by ancestry associated with the individual from Villabruna, generally called Western HG (WHG). However, little is known about the genetic diversity in the southern refugia. Here we report new genome-wide data that highlight the late survival of another Paleolithic lineage in Iberia, previously reported in Magdalenian individuals. We show that all Iberian HG, including the oldest individual from El Mirón (~18,600 yrs cal BP), carry dual ancestry from both WHG and the Magdalenian cluster. Thus, our results suggest an earlier connection between refugia than 14,000 yrs cal BP. Our new genomic data from Iberian Early and Middle Neolithic individuals show that dual Iberian HG genomic legacy pertains in the peninsula, suggesting that expanding farmers mixed with local HGs. Palabras clave: Genética de poblaciones, ADN antiguo, Paleolítico,
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National audienceLes analyses paléoparasitologiques se sont principalement concentrées ces dern... more National audienceLes analyses paléoparasitologiques se sont principalement concentrées ces dernières années pour la période néolithique sur les gisements lacustres en raison de leur milieu amphibie et donc de la très bonne conservation des vestiges, notamment des œufs d’helminthes (Bouchet, 1995). Dans cet article il s’agira de présenter les résultats préliminaires de l’analyse d’Els Trocs (San Feliu de Veri-Bisaurri, province de Huesca, Espagne), qui a fait l’objet de deux colonnes de prélèvements. La grotte d’Els Trocs a permis des résultats heuristiques sur les différences de conservation des propagules au sein d’un même gisement ainsi qu’un aperçu de la biodiversité helminthologique humaine et animale
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Actas: 9 y 10 de noviembre de 2017, 2018, ISBN 978-84-09-02130-7, págs. 293-299, 2018
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Actas: 9 y 10 de noviembre de 2017, 2018, ISBN 978-84-09-02130-7, págs. 59-68, 2018
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Actas: 9 y 10 de noviembre de 2017, 2018, ISBN 978-84-09-02130-7, págs. 79-90, 2018
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Boletín del Museo de Zaragoza, 2020
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Ministerio de Cultura; Museo Arqueológico Nacional, 2020
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Scientific Reports, 2022
Archaeological research in the Dolmen of El Pendón (Reinoso, Burgos, Spain) has brought to light ... more Archaeological research in the Dolmen of El Pendón (Reinoso, Burgos, Spain) has brought to light the complex biography of a megalithic monument used throughout the 4th millennium cal. BC. The ossuary of this burial holds the bones of nearly a hundred individuals who suffered from diverse pathologies and injuries. This study presents the discovery of a skull with two bilateral perforations on both mastoid bones. These evidences point to a mastoidectomy, a surgical procedure possibly performed to relieve the pain this prehistoric individual may have suffered as a result of otitis media and mastoiditis. The hypothesis of surgical intervention is also supported by the presence of cut marks at the anterior edge of the trepanation made in the left ear. Furthermore, the results of this paper demonstrate the survival of the individual to both interventions. Given the chronology of this dolmen, this find would be the earliest surgical ear intervention in the history of mankind.
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Póster presentado en el II Congreso de Arqueología y Patrimonio Aragónes con los resultados de la... more Póster presentado en el II Congreso de Arqueología y Patrimonio Aragónes con los resultados de la I Campaña de excavaciones en el yacimiento de Chicharroya III, Novallas (Zaragoza) Poster presented at the II Congress of Aragonese Archeology and Heritage with the results of the I Campaign of excavations at the Chicharroya III site, Novallas (Zaragoza)
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Science, 2021
Ancient DNA traces the history of hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections represent a worl... more Ancient DNA traces the history of hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections represent a worldwide human health concern. To study the history of this pathogen, Kocher et al . identified 137 human remains with detectable levels of virus dating between 400 and 10,000 years ago. Sequencing and analyses of these ancient viruses suggested a common ancestor between 12,000 and 20,000 years ago. There is no evidence indicating that HBV was present in the earliest humans as they spread out of Africa; however, HBV was likely present in human populations before farming. Furthermore, the virus was present in the Americas by about 9000 years ago, representing a lineage sister to the viral strains found in Eurasia that diverged about 20,000 years ago. —LMZ
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Núm. 3 (2018) Homenaje a la profesora Isabel Rubio de Miguel, Dec 15, 2018
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Scientific Reports, 2020
Violence seems deeply rooted in human nature and an endemic potential for such is today frequentl... more Violence seems deeply rooted in human nature and an endemic potential for such is today frequently associated with differing ethnic, religious or socio-economic backgrounds. Ethnic nepotism is believed to be one of the main causes of inter-group violence in multi-ethnic societies. At the site of Els Trocs in the Spanish Pyrenees, rivalling groups of either migrating early farmers or farmers and indigenous hunter-gatherers collided violently around 5300 BCE. This clash apparently resulted in a massacre of the Els Trocs farmers. The overkill reaction was possibly triggered by xenophobia or massive disputes over resources or privileges. In the present, violence and xenophobia are controlled and sanctioned through social codes of conduct and institutions. So that, rather than representing an insurmountable evolutionary inheritance, violence and ethnic nepotism can be overcome and a sustainable future achieved through mutual respect, tolerance and openness to multi-ethnic societies.
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Current Biology, 2019
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Agriculture first reached the Iberian Peninsula around 5700 BCE. However, little is known about t... more Agriculture first reached the Iberian Peninsula around 5700 BCE. However, little is known about the genetic structure and changes of prehistoric populations in different geographic areas of Iberia. In our study, we focused on the maternal genetic makeup of the Neolithic (~ 5500-3000 BCE), Chalcolithic (~ 3000-2200 BCE) and Early Bronze Age (~ 2200-1500 BCE). We report ancient mitochondrial DNA results of 213 individuals (151 HVS-I sequences) from the northeast, central, southeast and southwest regions and thus on the largest archaeogenetic dataset from the Peninsula to date. Similar to other parts of Europe, we observe a discontinuity between hunter-gatherers and the first farmers of the Neolithic. During the subsequent periods, we detect regional continuity of Early Neolithic lineages across Iberia, however the genetic contribution of hunter-gatherers is generally higher than in other parts of Europe and varies regionally. In contrast to ancient DNA findings from Central Europe, we...
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PLOS ONE, 2016
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Papers by Héctor Arcusa Magallón
ganado desde las tierras de la depresión del Ebro hasta las montañas pirenaicas (incipiente trashumancia). Los análisis micromorfológicos, carpológicos, sedimentológicos, los estudios de la fauna y la microfauna, de los isótopos de carbono y oxígeno, la paleoparasitología, la traceología, la procedencia de las materias primas y las similitudes de las formas, técnicas y composiciones decorativas cerámicas nos ofrecen una visión completa del universo subsistencial de estos grupos humanos. Por último, los análisis antropológicos y genéticos arrojan
luz sobre las peripecias vitales de algunos de los individuos que ocuparon la cueva a lo largo de dos amplios ciclos de uso.
Palabras clave: Neolítico. Ganadería trashumante. Estacionalidad. Gestión de rebaños. Violencia.
Se presenta un resumen de los trabajos realizados en la cueva de Els Trocs durante las campañas de 2009 y 2010, en donde se ha documentado un asentamiento en cueva junto al Pirineo Axial, con una serie de ocupaciones entre las que destacan las correspondientes al Neolítico Antiguo, con pavimentos de cerámicas y piedras, junto a grandes hogares y restos óseos humanos y de fauna que demuestra la pronta colonización de las tierras altas pirenaicas en un momento muy temprano del proceso de neolitización del noreste peninsular.
Poster presented at the II Congress of Aragonese Archeology and Heritage with the results of the I Campaign of excavations at the Chicharroya III site, Novallas (Zaragoza)
(Pozondón, Teruel) complexes are presented. The use of this technique has allowed, in reduced time and with an affordable cost, a comprehensive documentation that has confirmed the heritage interest of these groups and their scientific importance. This documentation highlights the discovery of a series of decorated panels that provide new data on the deposits of the middle Ebro basin between the Final Bronze and the 2nd Iron Age and its more than certain relationship with other peninsular and Europeans rock engraving complexes.
KEYWORDS: Rock engravings; Photogrammetric documentation; Protohistory; Chopped, fusiform and filiform engravings.