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Research Interests: Zoology, Biology, Pollination, Biodiversity, Medicine, and 3 morePollen, Trait, and Species Richness
Drought is one of the most emerging threat that causes a severe reduction in cotton plant growth and development. Being cotton is a major cash crop has great threat to prevailing drought events in Pakistan. A field experiment was... more
Drought is one of the most emerging threat that causes a severe reduction in cotton plant growth and development. Being cotton is a major cash crop has great threat to prevailing drought events in Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in Kharif season 2018 at Research Area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan to assess the role of foliar applied kaolin and jasmonic acid on vegetative growth, gas exchange and reproductive traits of cotton under normal irrigated and artificial water deficit conditions. The experiment was laid -out in a factorial randomized complete block design with split – split plot arrangement. Main plots were allocated for irrigation levels, sub-plots for two -cotton genotypes viz. NIAB − 878 and SLH − 19 while sub – sub plots for treatments of kaolin and Jasmonic acid. Water deficit stress was created by skipping irrigation at flowering for 21 days. Foliar sprays of Kaolin (5%, w/v) and Jasmonic acid (100 μM) were applied alone or in combination at 60 days after planntinon both to normal irrigated and water-stresse skip irrigation while irrigation water alone was sprayed in control plots. Both cotton genotypes responded variably to normal irrigated and skip conditions. Skipping irrigation for up to 21 days at flowering caused a significant decrease in leaf relative water content, SPAD values, net photosynthetic rate and seed cotton yield in both the genotypes. Seed cotton yield showed an overall decline of 24.7% in skip over Normal irrigated crop. The genotype NIAB − 878 produced maximum seed cotton yield of 3.304 Mg ha−1 in normal that dropped to 2.579 Mg ha−1 in skip, thus showing an average decline of 21.9 %. Similarly, SLH − 19 produced 2.537 Mg ha−1 seed cotton under normal that dropped to 1.822 Mg ha−1 in skip, showing an average decline of 28.2%. The Application of Kaolin and JA Jasmonic acid, either applied individually or in combination, improved vegetative and reproductive development of both cotton varieties in normal and skip regimes. However, combined kaolin and Jasmonic Acid application proved to be more beneficial in terms of seed cotton production and other parameters studied.
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Research Interests: Agronomy, Biology, Straw, Fertilizer, Potassium, and 4 moreCrop, Randomized Block design, POTASH, and Dry Matter
Research Interests: Chemistry, Photosynthesis, Salinity, Zinc, Proline, and 3 moreAbscisic Acid, Transpiration, and Salicylic Acid
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Dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients and cross sections are calculated for P 7+ , Ar 10+ , V 15+ , and Fe 18+ target ions of the Oxygen isoelectronic sequence (8 electrons) with K-shell excitation. The calculations are... more
Dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients and cross sections are calculated for P 7+ , Ar 10+ , V 15+ , and Fe 18+ target ions of the Oxygen isoelectronic sequence (8 electrons) with K-shell excitation. The calculations are carried out in the isolated resonance approximation using the angular momentum average scheme (AMA). Total and state-to-state rate coefficients and cross sections are obtained as a function of temperature of the continuum electrons. The 1/n 3 scaling was employed
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Impact of weed-crop competition periods on the yield and yield parameters of mungbean was investigated during the spring and summer season of 2018 at Agronomic Research Farm, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. Treatments comprised of... more
Impact of weed-crop competition periods on the yield and yield parameters of mungbean was investigated during the spring and summer season of 2018 at Agronomic Research Farm, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. Treatments comprised of different weed-crop competition periods, weeds were allowed to compete for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days with mungbean after sowing. For comparison, weed free and weedy check plots were also maintained. Results revealed the importance of controlling weeds for getting better grain and other yield contributing traits during both the seasons. Uncontrolled weeds caused about 50 percent yield losses. Whereas similar results of grain yield and other yield related parameters were also recorded in weed free plots and weed-crop competition period for 15 days after sowing plots, while there is a gradual decline in yield and other yield related parameters if weed-crop competition periods were prolonged. These studies highlighted the importance of controlling weeds wi...
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Drought is one of the most emerging threat that causes a severe reduction in cotton plant growth and development. Being cotton is a major cash crop has great threat to prevailing drought events in Pakistan. A field experiment was... more
Drought is one of the most emerging threat that causes a severe reduction in cotton plant growth and development. Being cotton is a major cash crop has great threat to prevailing drought events in Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in Kharif season 2018 at Research Area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan to assess the role of foliar applied kaolin and jasmonic acid on vegetative growth, gas exchange and reproductive traits of cotton under normal irrigated and artificial water deficit conditions. The experiment was laid -out in a factorial randomized complete block design with split – split plot arrangement. Main plots were allocated for irrigation levels, sub-plots for two -cotton genotypes viz. NIAB − 878 and SLH − 19 while sub – sub plots for treatments of kaolin and Jasmonic acid. Water deficit stress was created by skipping irrigation at flowering for 21 days. Foliar sprays of Kaolin (5%, w/v) and Jasmonic acid (100 μM) were applied alone or in combination at 60 days after planntinon both to normal irrigated and water-stresse skip irrigation while irrigation water alone was sprayed in control plots. Both cotton genotypes responded variably to normal irrigated and skip conditions. Skipping irrigation for up to 21 days at flowering caused a significant decrease in leaf relative water content, SPAD values, net photosynthetic rate and seed cotton yield in both the genotypes. Seed cotton yield showed an overall decline of 24.7% in skip over Normal irrigated crop. The genotype NIAB − 878 produced maximum seed cotton yield of 3.304 Mg ha−1 in normal that dropped to 2.579 Mg ha−1 in skip, thus showing an average decline of 21.9 %. Similarly, SLH − 19 produced 2.537 Mg ha−1 seed cotton under normal that dropped to 1.822 Mg ha−1 in skip, showing an average decline of 28.2%. The Application of Kaolin and JA Jasmonic acid, either applied individually or in combination, improved vegetative and reproductive development of both cotton varieties in normal and skip regimes. However, combined kaolin and Jasmonic Acid application proved to be more beneficial in terms of seed cotton production and other parameters studied.
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Salinity stress (SS) is serious abiotic stress and a major limiting factor for crop productivity and global food security. In this context, the application of osmolytes is considered as an environmental friend approach to improve plant... more
Salinity stress (SS) is serious abiotic stress and a major limiting factor for crop productivity and global food security. In this context, the application of osmolytes is considered as an environmental friend approach to improve plant growth under SS. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the impact of foliar applied proline (Pro) and acetic acid (AA) on growth, yield, physiological traits, photosynthetic pigments, ionic homeostasis and antioxidant activities of wheat under SS. The study contained SS levels 0, 6 and 12 dS m-1 and foliar spray of Pro and AA; water spray, Pro (75 mM), AA (15 mM) and AA (30 mM). The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement. Salinity stress significantly reduced wheat growth and yield, by decreasing relative water contents (-49.07%), photosynthetic pigments, free amino acids (FAA: -44.79%), total soluble proteins (TSP: -15.94%) and increasing the electrolyte leakage (EL: +27.28%), hydrogen peroxi...
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Salinity stress (SS) is a challenging abiotic stress that limits crop growth and productivity. Sustainable and cost effective methods are needed to improve crop production and decrease the deleterious impacts of SS. Zinc (Zn)... more
Salinity stress (SS) is a challenging abiotic stress that limits crop growth and productivity. Sustainable and cost effective methods are needed to improve crop production and decrease the deleterious impacts of SS. Zinc (Zn) nano-particles (NPs) have emerged as an important approach to regulating plant tolerance against SS. However, the mechanisms of SS tolerance mediated by Zn-NPs are not fully explained. Thus, this study was performed to explore the role of Zn-NPs (seed priming and foliar spray) in reducing the deleterious impacts of SS on wheat plants. The study comprised different SS levels: control, 6 and 12 dS m−1, and different Zn-NPs treatments: control, seed priming (40 ppm), foliar spray (20 ppm), and their combination. Salinity stress markedly reduced plant growth, biomass, and grain yield. This was associated with enhanced electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) accumulation, reduced photosynthetic pigments, ...
Research Interests: Chemistry, Photosynthesis, Salinity, Zinc, Proline, and 3 moreAbscisic Acid, Transpiration, and Salicylic Acid
The current study aimed to produce synbiotic cheese, adding inulin and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis as prebiotics and probiotics, respectively. The physicochemical analysis, minerals and organic acids content, sensory... more
The current study aimed to produce synbiotic cheese, adding inulin and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis as prebiotics and probiotics, respectively. The physicochemical analysis, minerals and organic acids content, sensory evaluation, and probiotic count of the cheese were performed during the ripening. The significant effect of inulin (p ≤ 0.01) was found during the ripening period, and changes in physiochemical composition, minerals, and organic acid contents were also observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the cheese revealed that inulin could improve the cheese structure. Meanwhile, inulin increased the likeliness of the cheese, and its probiotic viability remained above 107 colony forming unit (CFU) per gram during ripening.
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Laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the effects of constant and fluctuating temperature regimes on the final coleoptile length of 8 wheat cultivars (Banks, Cook, Gatcher, Hartog, Kite, Oxley, Shortim and Spica) and the... more
Laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the effects of constant and fluctuating temperature regimes on the final coleoptile length of 8 wheat cultivars (Banks, Cook, Gatcher, Hartog, Kite, Oxley, Shortim and Spica) and the effect of environmental conditions during seed maturation (seed source) on the coleoptile length of 5 cultivars (Banks, Bass, Cook, Kite and Oxley). Mean coleoptile length decreased from 10.8 cm at 15�C to only 3.1 cm at 35�C, a reduction within this temperature range of 1 cm for every 2.6�C rise in temperature. This indicates that, in warm soil, shallow sowing is necessary for satisfactory wheat establishment. Fluctuating temperatures (� 5�C about the mean) further reduced coleoptile length. The temperature x cultivar interaction was significant, differences among cultivars in coleoptile length occurring more at low than at high temperatures. The mean coleoptile lengths of the 8 cultivars varied from 8.7 to 14.5 cm at 15�C, but only from 2.7 to 3.6 c...
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Management of organic matter and micronutrients is very important for the sustainable improvement of soil health. Poor soil organic matter usually results in lower availability of zinc (Zn) micronutrients in plants. Such deficiency in Zn... more
Management of organic matter and micronutrients is very important for the sustainable improvement of soil health. Poor soil organic matter usually results in lower availability of zinc (Zn) micronutrients in plants. Such deficiency in Zn causes a significant decrease in the growth and yield of crops. The need at the current time is to balance the application of organic amendments with Zn micronutrients to achieve optimum crop yields. Thus, the current study was conducted to investigate wheat, using compost as organic matter and Zn as a micronutrient. There were three levels of compost (i.e., control (0C), 5 t/ha (5C) and 10 t/ha (10C)) and four levels of Zn (control (0Zn), 2.5 kg Zn/ha (2.5Zn), 5.0 kg Zn/ha (5.0Zn) and 10.0 kg Zn/ha (10.0Zn)) applied with three replicates. The addition of 10C under 10.0Zn produced significantly better results for the maximum enhancement in plant height (8.08%), tillers/m2 (21.61%), spikes/m2 (22.33%) and spike length (40.50%) compared to 0C. Signifi...
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Cultivation of crops in salt-affected soils is a major challenge for growers. Despite the use of multiple amendments, salinity stresses adversely affect the crops to some extent. On the other hand, imbalance in the use of boron (B) as a... more
Cultivation of crops in salt-affected soils is a major challenge for growers. Despite the use of multiple amendments, salinity stresses adversely affect the crops to some extent. On the other hand, imbalance in the use of boron (B) as a nutrient also creates toxicity. Mismanagement of B fertilizer application decreases the growth and yield of crops. It is necessary to study in depth the adverse effects of salinity and B toxicity. This is why the current research work was conducted in a glass house at Murdoch University, Perth, Australia. The aim of study was to investigate the influence of salinity and B toxicity on carbohydrate partitioning, growth, and ionic composition of two Australian wheat varieties. There were four treatments, i.e., control, high B (15 kg ha−1), salinity (15 dS m−1), and B + salinity. The results showed that the salt-tolerant Halberd (HB) variety accumulated more Na+, B, and Cl− in their leaf sheath and kept the leaf blades free of these toxic ions as compare...
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Cotton is a major cash crop of Pakistan that provides high foreign exchange and plays an important role in agriculture, industry, and economic development. The plant population is important in achieving high cotton yield and fiber quality... more
Cotton is a major cash crop of Pakistan that provides high foreign exchange and plays an important role in agriculture, industry, and economic development. The plant population is important in achieving high cotton yield and fiber quality attributes in irrigated conditions. Most farmers maintain plant spacing according to their local tradition, and often ignore the varietal characteristics in Pakistan that cause low yield and poor quality of products. Therefore, standardization of plant spacings according to varietal characteristics is important to achieve higher yield and fiber quality. A field experiment was carried out at the Agronomic Research Area, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan in 2017, in order to evaluate the performance of four cotton cultivars (MNH-1016, FH-Lalazar, NIAB-878, and Cyto-124) under five plant spacings (15.0, 22.5, 30.0, 37.5, and 45.0 cm), comparing them with and without nitrogen application. Nitrogen fertilization was appl...
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Drought is one of the most emerging threat that causes a severe reduction in cotton plant growth and development. Being cotton is a major cash crop has great threat to prevailing drought events in Pakistan. A field experiment was... more
Drought is one of the most emerging threat that causes a severe reduction in cotton plant growth and development. Being cotton is a major cash crop has great threat to prevailing drought events in Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in Kharif season 2018 at Research Area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan to assess the role of foliar applied kaolin and jasmonic acid on vegetative growth, gas exchange and reproductive traits of cotton under normal irrigated and artificial water deficit conditions. The experiment was laid -out in a factorial randomized complete block design with split – split plot arrangement. Main plots were allocated for irrigation levels, sub-plots for two -cotton genotypes viz. NIAB − 878 and SLH − 19 while sub – sub plots for treatments of kaolin and Jasmonic acid. Water deficit stress was created by skipping irrigation at flowering for 21 days. Foliar sprays of Kaolin (5%, w/v) and Jasmonic acid (100 μM) were applied alone or in combinatio...
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Dyes derived from natural sources have emerged as an important alternative to synthetic dyes. Therefore, there is a need for developing better solid-liquid extraction techniques for leaching natural colorants from plant materials for... more
Dyes derived from natural sources have emerged as an important alternative to synthetic dyes. Therefore, there is a need for developing better solid-liquid extraction techniques for leaching natural colorants from plant materials for applications in plant research concerned on boiling and solvent extraction. Water, methanol and acidified methanol were used as solvent to extract Carotenoids as the natural dyes from plant, as well as dyeing industries. The influence of ultrasound on natural colorant extraction from different potential dye yielding plant materials has been studied in comparison with magnetic stirring process as control. The color yielding plant materials used in the present study include Daucus carota Linn. (carrot). Analytical studies such as UV-VIS spectrophotometry and gravimetric analysis were performed on the extract. The dyes produced were dyed on silk fabric and tested for their colour fastness to washing properties. Several mordants were also used for fixing th...
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Changing climates and frequent spells of drought have increased the risk of crop failure, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, thus multiplying the vulnerability of food-insecure populations. The exogenous application of potassium... more
Changing climates and frequent spells of drought have increased the risk of crop failure, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, thus multiplying the vulnerability of food-insecure populations. The exogenous application of potassium (K) can potentially ameliorate the adverse effects of drought in maize by maintaining cell osmotic potential and turgidity, provided its optimum doses are applied. The present experiment comprised two maize cultivars, viz. Islamabad Gold (drought tolerant) and Azam (drought susceptible), grown under well-watered (80% water-holding capacity (WHC)), mild drought (60% WHC) and severe drought (40% WHC) conditions. Different doses of K, viz. 0%, 1% and 2%, were also tested to screen out the most superior concentration. Drought stress markedly reduced root and shoot lengths (25% and 16%, respectively) along with their dry weights (20% and 10%, respectively). Moreover, a substantial reduction in leaf relative water content (RWC) (24%), stomatal conductance, ...
Research Interests: Biology and Atmosphere
Cotton fibers are the seed trichomes that are developed around the seed and are used to make clothes and yarn for the textile industry. Expression profiling of cotton fiber genes is very important to estimate the differential gene... more
Cotton fibers are the seed trichomes that are developed around the seed and are used to make clothes and yarn for the textile industry. Expression profiling of cotton fiber genes is very important to estimate the differential gene expression level at different fiber developmental stages. Expression analysis of fiber developing genes are very important to enhance the fiber length of cotton. The expression profiling of three gene families in five stages (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 DPA) of cotton fiber tissues was carried out through real-time PCR. Expression analysis revealed that transcripts of GA-20 Oxidase, XTH, and PEPc were elevated from 5 to 20 days post-anthesis (DPA) fibers. Total RNA was extracted from various stages of cotton fiber development and was reverse transcribed to cDNA for PCR amplification. For data normalization, 18s rRNA was used as an internal control. The objective of this study was to explore the expression level of fiber developing genes at specific stages of fiber...
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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the major fiber crops. Its production is under threat due to scarcity of water resources under a changing climatic scenario. Limited water availability also decreases the uptake of phosphorus, and... more
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the major fiber crops. Its production is under threat due to scarcity of water resources under a changing climatic scenario. Limited water availability also decreases the uptake of phosphorus, and less uptake of phosphorus can deteriorate the quality attributes of cotton fiber. There is a need to introduce bio-organic amendments which can mitigate osmotic stress on a sustainable basis. Inoculation of rhizobacteria can play an imperative role in this regard. Rhizobacteria can not only improve the growth of roots but also enhance the availability of immobile phosphorus in soil. That is why the current experiment was conducted to explore and compare the efficacy of sole application of diammonium phosphate (DAP) over plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) coated DAP on growth and quality attributes of cotton under artificially induced osmotic stress at flowering stage. The impact of phosphorus level...
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The present study investigated the uptake, translocation, and accumulation of chromium (Cr 6+ ) and aluminum (Al 3+ ) in maize and their induced variations in morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes as well as growth behavior and... more
The present study investigated the uptake, translocation, and accumulation of chromium (Cr 6+ ) and aluminum (Al 3+ ) in maize and their induced variations in morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes as well as growth behavior and yield formation. Plants were grown in pots supplied with heavy metals, alone and in combination (chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al) and chromium + aluminum (Cr + Al)) while pots without adding Cr or Al were regarded as control. Metal stress considerably reduced growth and yield related attributes as well as photosynthetic pigments of maize. However, production of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), thiobarbituric acid and activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and ascorbic acid were substantially increased under Cr and Al stress. A significant increase in soluble sugars and total phenolic contents were recorded in plants exposed to Cr and Al stress. Furthermore, all physiological attributes were increased with plant age except chlorophyll. Interestingly, Cr alone was proved more toxic to maize than Al alone. Cr and Al accumulation varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05) among different plant organs as roots > stem > leaves > corn ear > grains, whereas degrees of translocations were higher from stem to other plant parts than roots to stem. Accumulation of Cr and Al in either above- or below-ground plant parts are negatively correlated with grains and biological yield. The overall trend of metal stress on plant growth and yield were perceived as: Cr + Al > Cr > Al > control. Furthermore, synergistic effects of Cr + Al were more prominent than the individual effects of Cr and Al alone.
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To assess comparative losses of Trianthema portulacastrum (HP) relative to other weeds, the experiment was set during consecutive summer seasons 2018 and 2019 at the Research Farm MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.... more
To assess comparative losses of Trianthema portulacastrum (HP) relative to other weeds, the experiment was set during consecutive summer seasons 2018 and 2019 at the Research Farm MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan. Experiment consisted three replications which were laid out under randomized complete block design. Experiment consisted of ten treatments viz: weeds free (whole season), HP free till 20 Days after emergence (DAE), HP free till 40 DAE, HP free till 60 DAE, all weeds free 20 DAE, all weeds free 40 DAE, all weeds free 60 DAE, weedy check (all weeds), weedy check except HP and weedy check containing only HP. During 2018 in all weeds weedy check, maximum HP relative density (33.33%) was observed while in 2019, plot where weeds were controlled from growing till 20 DAE showed (80%) relative density at 30 DAE. HP maximum frequency (66.67%, 77.78%) and relative frequency (66%, 100%) was recorded at 45 DAE in plots where HP was kept controlled till 20 DAE and all wee...
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Using organic and inorganic fertilizers concurrently may not only quench the crop nutritive demands but also been proved an eco-friendly nutrient source. In order to evaluate the effect of potassium (K) application from only inor- ganic,... more
Using organic and inorganic fertilizers concurrently may not only quench the crop nutritive demands but also been proved an eco-friendly nutrient source. In order to evaluate the effect of potassium (K) application from only inor- ganic, integrated organic and inorganic sources of fertilizers on maize, a field study was conducted during 2008 and 2009 following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad , Pakistan. In this study composted wheat and rice straws were inte- grated with the sulphate of potash (SOP) as K source. Regarding application of K from the integrated sources, treatment containing 25% composted rice straw + 75% SOP provided highest leaf area index (LAI; 5.13 and 5.11), eaf area duration (LAD; 217.33 and 219.65 days), crop growth rate (CGR; 28.94 and 29.08 g m-2 d-1), total dry matter (TDM; 1,925.03 and1,931.32 g m-2), and gave prominent plant height (215.50 and 218.63 cm), 1,000-...
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Soil salinity threatens agricultural production worldwide by constraining plant growth and final crop yield. The early stages are most sensitive to salinity, in response to which salicylic acid (SA) has demonstrated beneficial effects in... more
Soil salinity threatens agricultural production worldwide by constraining plant growth and final crop yield. The early stages are most sensitive to salinity, in response to which salicylic acid (SA) has demonstrated beneficial effects in various plant species. Based on this, a maize (Zea mays L.) pot experiment was set up combining three levels of soil salinity (0, 6 and 12 dS m–1), obtained through NaCl addition, with three levels of SA (0, 300 and 600 mM), applied by leaf spraying 20 days after seedling emergence. Fifteen days later, the following traits were assessed: morphology (plant height, leaf number), growth (root and shoot dry weight), leaf water status [relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL)], pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, anthocyanin), antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, vitamin C), oxidative stress markers (H2O2, malondialdehyde), osmo-regulating compounds (free amino acids, soluble proteins and sugars, proline)...
World food demand is fulfilled by approximately 150 plant species grown nearly all the parts of this earth. Sugarcane and sugar beet are the only crops that provide sugar, a common name used for sucrose. Sugarcane is dominantly cultivated... more
World food demand is fulfilled by approximately 150 plant species grown nearly all the parts of this earth. Sugarcane and sugar beet are the only crops that provide sugar, a common name used for sucrose. Sugarcane is dominantly cultivated for centuries in most of the tropical regions of the world to cover the sugar demand (Fig. 18.1), whereas sugar beet crop is comparatively new, appeared during the nineteenth century and was grown in temperate regions. Approximately 140 million tonnes of sugar is produced each year all over the world, and it is increasing approximately two million tonnes per year. We can get potential yield of both these sugar crops if we follow the advance production practices recommended for sugarcane and sugar beet. The details of such production practices are given here.
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1 Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture Multan, 66000 Pakistan 2 Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, MNS-University of Agriculture Multan, 66000 Pakistan. 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture... more
1 Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture Multan, 66000 Pakistan 2 Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, MNS-University of Agriculture Multan, 66000 Pakistan. 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. 38000 Pakistan. 4 Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. 5 Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
Combined salinity and toxic levels of B are usually found in the soils and ground water of arid and semi-arid regions. A pot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of combined stresses of B toxicity and salinity on the growth, yield,... more
Combined salinity and toxic levels of B are usually found in the soils and ground water of arid and semi-arid regions. A pot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of combined stresses of B toxicity and salinity on the growth, yield, physiological and biochemical processes of wheat. The study comprised of twelve treatments including four levels of B (control, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg kg-1 ) and three levels of salinity (control, 100 and 200 mM NaCl). The results showed that at lower level of B i.e., 2.5 mg kg-1 , the growth, yield and physiological attributes of wheat were improved at both levels of salinity. While the higher B levels (5 and 7.5 mg kg-1 ) and salinity together reduced wheat growth, photosynthetic and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and yield. However, this decrease was higher in sensitive wheat genotype than tolerant one. The activity of antioxidant enzymes increased with increasing salinity and B stresses either alone or in combination. An antagonistic salin...
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Cotton is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. More than half of the export of Pakistan depends on cotton and cotton-based products. Morphological quantitative traits are important for estimation of cotton yield. In this regard, a study... more
Cotton is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. More than half of the export of Pakistan depends on cotton and cotton-based products. Morphological quantitative traits are important for estimation of cotton yield. In this regard, a study was conducted to evaluate the morphological responses on cotton crop at experimental farm of MNS-University of Agricultural Multan during the year 2019-2020. Four cotton varieties with different time windows (early, normal and late) were sown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement. Correlation and regression studies of cultivars of Gossypium and Malvaceae were analyzed for quantitative characters. Result revealed that significantly positive correlation of boll weight (r=0.211), seed volume (r=0.138), seed oil content (r=0.020) and negatively correlation with seed index (r= -0.005) was displayed by all traits with seed cotton yield, which showed that seed cotton yield was greatly influenced by all characters. Regressio...
This research work was design to investigate the influence of different treatments of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) on the cuttings of avocado. Cuttings of avocado were transplanted from the sand beds to the plastic bags after a year with... more
This research work was design to investigate the influence of different treatments of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) on the cuttings of avocado. Cuttings of avocado were transplanted from the sand beds to the plastic bags after a year with mixture of soil garden, farmyard manure, and silt of equal proportion. The study was conducted in green house at University of Poonch Rawalakot, during 2017. The experiment was allocated within three replications, and each replication contained 25 cuttings under a completely randomized design with four treatments control, 4000 ppm, 5000 ppm and 6000 ppm. There were different varieties of Fuerte , Cylone purple , Bunched fruit contained cuttings of each replication. Analysis of the data for parameters (Number of roots per plant, Root length, Number of leaves, Shoot length, Shoot diameter, Root diameter, and Survival percentage) was performed according to CRD (Statistic 8.1). The present results exhibited that Feurete avocado variety performed better at ...
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In the existing cropping systems exhaustive crops, like hybrid maize, require more nutrient inputs due to excessive removal of nutrients. Integrated use of organic and inorganic manures may not only satiate the need of such crops but this... more
In the existing cropping systems exhaustive crops, like hybrid maize, require more nutrient inputs due to excessive removal of nutrients. Integrated use of organic and inorganic manures may not only satiate the need of such crops but this may also be an economical and environment friendly nutrient source.A field study was conducted during 2008 and 2009 following RCBD with three replications at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Effects of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application from separate and integrated organic and inorganic sources on the maize (Zea mays L.) were evaluated.In the first study poultry manure and press mud as organic amendments; and single superphosphate (SSP) as chemical amendment of P were evaluated in different combinations.In the second study composted wheat and rice straws were integrated with the sulphate of potash (SOP) to be used as the K source.Agronomic, physiological and quality parameters were recorded to establish vari...