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The Earth's climate is influenced by many factors, including solar radiation, wind, and ocean currents. Researchers try to integrate all of these influencing variables into their models. Many of the processes involved are now well... more
The Earth's climate is influenced by many factors, including solar radiation, wind, and ocean currents. Researchers try to integrate all of these influencing variables into their models. Many of the processes involved are now well understood. But interaction among the various factors is very complex and numerous questions remain unresolved. The Earth's climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last 650,000 years there have been seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat, with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 7,000 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era-and of human civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in Earth's orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives.
This paper has submerged from the thinking on global and its implication in the local level. Global Environmental Governance is the sustainability of environment achieved by collective management and environmental development from the... more
This paper has submerged from the thinking on global and its implication in the local level. Global Environmental Governance is the sustainability of environment achieved by collective management and environmental development from the national to international level. Environmental governance as it currently stands is far from meeting one or more of the so imperatives. The need to deal with the complex character of environmental issues calls for the adoption of coherent multilateral management by a great variety of stakeholders. However, the global community has proved incapable of meeting this challenge and environmental governance is currently victim to a great many afflictions. This paper shows that impressive institutional machinery has actually been built, but also that the overall state of the global environment seems not to have improved as a consequence of this. Numerous multilateral environmental agreements have been concluded, many meetings are held each year to advance imp...
In today's modern world, safety to driver and passengers is a major concern to every car manufacturer. For accomplishing this, new standards are being set for the safety of the occupant in different car scenarios like frontal head... more
In today's modern world, safety to driver and passengers is a major concern to every car manufacturer. For accomplishing this, new standards are being set for the safety of the occupant in different car scenarios like frontal head collision, side impact, rear impact and rollover. The automotive chassis is the main load carrier and energy absorbing component in all crash events. In the modern world, fuel consumption also constituted as a serious issue that has to be considered. Keeping all these constrains in consideration, a light and strong material should be used in chassis. In current work, chassis has been designed using computer aided design (CAD) programme Solid Works and was analyzed using a finite element analysis (FEA) programme ANSYS. The current research provides a standard finite element analysis procedure for designing off road vehicle chassis. A multi body dynamic crash analysis is an option to understand the exact behavior of the chassis for frontal and rear head ...
Research Interests: Agricultural and Sowing
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Thirty-four and thirty-nine lines of rice received from the Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad in 2006 and 2007, respectively were evaluated against major insect pests of rice. Dead heart caused by stem borers ranged from 0.99–5.55... more
Thirty-four and thirty-nine lines of rice received from the Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad in 2006 and 2007, respectively were evaluated against major insect pests of rice. Dead heart caused by stem borers ranged from 0.99–5.55 and 0–12.24 per cent, while leaf folder damage varied from 3.20–16.47 and 3.47–20.30 per cent during Kharif 2006 and 2007, respectively. The respective damage score of whitcbacked planthopper (WBPH) was found to be 3.15 to 8.70 and 3.26–8.84. Two years evaluation indicated that lines RP 4516-3-8 and RP 4621–1845 showed moderate resistance to WBPH and low infestation by leaf folder and stem borers.
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This paper deals with the effect of oscillatory flow on front amplitude, front speed, front spread in porous media for different solid medium of same particle size at different Reynolds number. The solid material of 6.5mm is used as... more
This paper deals with the effect of oscillatory flow on front amplitude, front speed, front spread in porous media for different solid medium of same particle size at different Reynolds number. The solid material of 6.5mm is used as spherical balls of steel and glass material. Normal water is used as a fluid. The size of porous bed is less than the 1/10 of diameter of the tube. The steel spherical balls of diameter 6.5 mm constitute a porous bed which will act as Steel Water Bed and glass spherical balls of diameter 6.5 mm constitute a porous bed which will act as Glass Water Bed. The front amplitude of steel water bed was found to be decreasing with distance and value was low as compared to glass water bed. The value for front speed of Steel water bed was higher in comparison to the glass water bed. Front spread is observed for hot phase. The value for front spread of steel water bed was higher in compression to the glass water bed.
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Digital filters play an important role in the field of digital signal processing. Linear phase Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are used in numerous applications due to their nature of phase linearity as well as frequency stability.... more
Digital filters play an important role in the field of digital signal processing. Linear phase Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are used in numerous applications due to their nature of phase linearity as well as frequency stability. The design of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) digital band-pass filter using two population based global stochastic search technique have been implemented. Craziness based Particle Swarm Optimization (CRPSO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). CRPSO is the advance version of Particle Swarm Optimization. A comparison of CRPSO and PSO has been made on the basis of their control parameters. The achieved results show that the CRPSO Algorithm perform better than that of PSO in terms of achieved magnitude error and ripples in passband and stop-band. Keywords— Craziness based Particle Swarm Optimization, FIR Band Pass Filter, Particle Swarm Optimization
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In the present research, attempts have been made to weld 18 mm thick AISI 409 ferritic steel plate in a single pass with electron beam welding process. The welded joint was investigated for macrostructure, microstructural, microhardness,... more
In the present research, attempts have been made to weld 18 mm thick AISI 409 ferritic steel plate in a single pass with electron beam welding process. The welded joint was investigated for macrostructure, microstructural, microhardness, impact toughness, and tensile strength. The coarse ferritic grains of base metal were converted into fine equiaxed and columnar grains in the weld zone. The microhardness results revealed that for fusion zone and heat affected zone had 28% and 41% higher microhardness than the base metal. Further, post weld heat treatment at 550ºC/75 minutes resulted in 5% rise in ultimate tensile strength, 10% rise in yield strength, and 31% rise in impact toughness as compared to as welded specimens. The fractography of impact and tensile specimens revealed brittle mode of fracture and changed to ductile mode after post weld heat treatment.
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Lack of energy, deterioration of the environment and hunger,these are the three problems the humans are facing in todays era. There is an exponential rise in the demand is arrising for petroleum based energy. This has been followed by... more
Lack of energy, deterioration of the environment and hunger,these are the three problems the humans are facing in todays era. There is an exponential rise in the demand is arrising for petroleum based energy. This has been followed by problem of depleting conventional petroleum fuels and a hike in price of these fuels, almost on a regular basis. Moreover, these green house emissions are results of petroleum fuels and other forms of pollution in the environment. The rise in the price of the fuel has also been alarming for us to find alternate energy resource.The vegetable oils has proved to be a promising source to obtain fuels for IC engines. Like, biodiesel is biodegradable, non- toxic and renewable fuel. It is obtained from vegetable oils, animal fats and waste cooking oil by transesterification with alcohols. The high cost of raw materials and lack of modern technology has led to the commercialization which can optimize the biodiesel yield. A modified engine can lead to better en...
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A defect free, full penetrated welded joint of 18mm thick AISI 316 was obtained in a single pass by optimized welding parameters of electron beam welding. Owing to the rapid solidification behavior (from FA to AF) associated with the... more
A defect free, full penetrated welded joint of 18mm thick AISI 316 was obtained in a single pass by optimized welding parameters of electron beam welding. Owing to the rapid solidification behavior (from FA to AF) associated with the electron beam welding different microstructural morphology was observed. Microstructure obtained by optical microscope revealed the skeletal and columnar dendritic ferrite in weld metal. The tensile strength and impact toughness of the weld zone was observed lower than the base metal. Further, after thermal aging at 750°C for 24 hours and 300 hours the precipitation of carbides were observed in welded joints, which affected the mechanical properties. The impact toughness showed 50%reduction after thermal aging, whereas tensile properties showed negligible change. The microhardness of the welded joint increased after thermal aging from all the regions with maximum value at HAZ.
Pink stem borer Sesamia inferens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ( PSB) is originally a pest of rice but in recent past, it has also emerged as pest on wheat crop. The pinkish caterpillar of S. inferens bores into stem and kills central shoots... more
Pink stem borer Sesamia inferens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ( PSB) is originally a pest of rice but in recent past, it has also emerged as pest on wheat crop. The pinkish caterpillar of S. inferens bores into stem and kills central shoots forming ‘dead hearts’. Meteorological factors play an important role in incidence, population build-up and damage of insect pests. Most of the studies in context to PSB seasonal abundance have been carried out on individual crops e.g. on rice, wheat or maize and only few reports are available on population dynamics of PSB throughout the year in rice-wheat cropping system. To meet this objective, seasonal abundance of PSB incidence was investigated on different host throughout the year during 2010-11 and 2011-12. The correlation between incidence of PSB and different abiotic factors viz. temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were also worked out. The results indicated that maximum incidence of PSB was observed in the months of September-October ...
The bird cherry‐oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) is a major pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and can cause up to 30% yield losses. Heritable plant resistance to aphids is both an economically and ecologically sound method for... more
The bird cherry‐oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) is a major pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and can cause up to 30% yield losses. Heritable plant resistance to aphids is both an economically and ecologically sound method for managing aphids. Here we report how the behaviour and performance of R. padi differs on two resistant, one susceptible wheat landrace and a susceptible elite wheat variety. Feeding behaviour differed among the genotypes, with aphids on resistant lines spending longer in the pathway phase and less time phloem feeding. These behaviours suggest that both inter‐ and intracellular factors encountered during pathway and phloem feeding phases could be linked to the observed aphid resistance. Locomotion and antennal positioning choice tests also revealed a clear preference for susceptible lines. Although feeding studies revealed differences in the first probe indicating that the resistance factors might also be located in the peripheral layers of the plant tissue,...
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Ferritic stainless steel is admired for its corrosion resistance property in chloride atmosphere, and low cost. It is designed as an alternative to carbon steel, and in some applications it has also replaced austenitic stainless steel.... more
Ferritic stainless steel is admired for its corrosion resistance property in chloride atmosphere, and low cost. It is designed as an alternative to carbon steel, and in some applications it has also replaced austenitic stainless steel. Despite its appreciating mechanical properties, it suffers from drawback of low weldability which constraint its utilization. High grain growth is observed at heat affected zone and fusion zone during welding. This degrades its mechanical and microstructural properties. Further, welding of plate above 8mm thickness, with conventional welding process, exhibits high deterioration of properties which restrict the thickness of plate to be welded. In the present research, attempts have been made to weld 18mm thick AISI 409 ferritic steel plate in a single pass weld. Electron beam welding process was used to prepare the joint. The joint was investigated for macro-structural, micro-structural, micro-hardness, impact toughness and tensile strength. The coarse...
A total of 1224 rice accessions received from Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad were screened against whitebacked planthopper by artificial infestation under screen house conditions and under natural infestation condition against... more
A total of 1224 rice accessions received from Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad were screened against whitebacked planthopper by artificial infestation under screen house conditions and under natural infestation condition against stem borers duirng kharif 2005. The results revealed that 57 accessions were resistant, 370 were moderately resistant and the rest were susceptible to whitebacked planthopper while 43 accessions were found promising against stem borers. The lines found promising against stem borer were retested in kharif 2006 and only nine accessions, viz. 333, 1320, 2174, 2696, 2700, 2702, 2737, 2738 and 2747 showed resistance and the rest 34 were susceptible.
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This thesis work was an experimental study on EDM during machining of Al/SiC MMC by non rotating and rotating electrode. The experimental work was performed in two different steps using Taguchi’s method. In Step I solid cylindrical brass... more
This thesis work was an experimental study on EDM during machining of Al/SiC MMC by non rotating and rotating electrode. The experimental work was performed in two different steps using Taguchi’s method. In Step I solid cylindrical brass electrode with side flushing but non rotaing electrode was used. In stage II solid cylindrical brass electrode with side flushing but rotaing electrode was used at 100 rpm. Material removal rate and electrode wear rate were the respone variables of experimations. Where as the input parameters are pulse on time, pulse off time, voltage and peak current taken during this experimental study. With the introduction of solid cylindrical electrode with 100 rpm rotational speed and injection flushing as compared to non rotating solid cylindrical electrode with side flushing the MRR increases from 0.347 mg/sec for non-rotating electrode to 0.550 mg/sec for rotating electrode. It implies that MRR was increased by 61.76%. With the introduction of solid cylindr...
The fundamental concepts of a citizenship-centered, community-building student judicial system are presented. The system's cornerstone is the random selection of students, faculty and staff for service on judicial hearing boards.... more
The fundamental concepts of a citizenship-centered, community-building student judicial system are presented. The system's cornerstone is the random selection of students, faculty and staff for service on judicial hearing boards. Consequently, the entire university community, rather than just a select group, is eligible to receive the educational, community-building, and citizenship-enhancing benefits of hearing board training and membership. Introduction Since the founding of the United States, citizenship development has been one of the fundamental purposes of education (Ford, 1904; Terenzini, 1994). For the past several decades, student affairs professionals have recognized the educational benefits of student self-governance in at least certain aspects of academe (Remley & Ruby, 1993). These observations have been confirmed by studies showing that participation in student leadership improves the citizenship skills of student leaders (Kuh & Lund, 1994). However, the principles...
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Abstract The electron beam welding technique was employed to fabricate 18 mm square butt welds of 316 austenitic stainless steel plates. These welded joints were examined for their metallurgical properties (ferrite content,... more
Abstract The electron beam welding technique was employed to fabricate 18 mm square butt welds of 316 austenitic stainless steel plates. These welded joints were examined for their metallurgical properties (ferrite content, macrostructure, microstructure and microhardness), mechanical properties (tensile and impact) and corrosion behavior in as-welded state and after thermal aging treatments viz. 750 °C/24 hours and 750 °C/300 hours. The microstructure of the weld zone was characterized by skeletal, lathy and lacy ferrite in an austenitic matrix. The percentage elongation in as-welded state at the bottom region of the welded joints was 14% higher as compared to the top region. The weld zone had better immunity to intergranular corrosion than the fusion boundary region. Thermal aging treatments enhanced the precipitation of Cr rich carbides, which influenced the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior. The aging treatments reduced the impact toughness, the maximum fall recorded was 63% at the top region of the welded joint after aging at 750 °C/300 hours. Further, the Cr rich carbides degraded the intergranular corrosion resistance, the extent of this was more in the fusion boundary region followed by the weld zone and the region adjacent to the fusion boundary.
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During this research work, the impact toughness and tensile strength of the electron beam-welded AISI409 plates were evaluated as a function of varied heat input (low 0.96 kJ/mm and high 1.10 kJ/mm) and after imparting post-weld heat... more
During this research work, the impact toughness and tensile strength of the electron beam-welded AISI409 plates were evaluated as a function of varied heat input (low 0.96 kJ/mm and high 1.10 kJ/mm) and after imparting post-weld heat treatment. Ferritic stainless steels are prone to enlargement in grain structure and degradation of mechanical properties on exposure to heating and cooling cycles during welding which results in deterioration in their performance. Results revealed that the base metal possessed coarse ferrite grains which got transferred into columnar and axial grains due to faster cooling rate of electron beam welding. The impact toughness of the specimens extracted from the top region of weld zone, when welded using high heat input, reduced by 46% as compared to the base metal. However, the specimens extracted from the bottom section possessed 83% higher impact toughness as compared to the top section. Further, the post-weld heat treatment resulted in refined microstructure, which increased the impact toughness by 35% and 24% for high heat input and low heat input welded joints, respectively. However, the tensile strength of the specimens extracted from the bottom section improved by 26% as compared to the base metal.
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The applicability of ferritic stainless steel is restricted due to its low weldability, and this can be attributed to the severe grain growth in the weld zone during the solidification of the weld pool and formation of fully ferritic... more
The applicability of ferritic stainless steel is restricted due to its low weldability, and this can be attributed to the severe grain growth in the weld zone during the solidification of the weld pool and formation of fully ferritic structure. This study aims to investigate the weldability of 18 mm thick AISI 409 ferritic stainless steel plates using an electron beam welding process without the use of filler metal. The joints were investigated for metallography characterization (microstructure, macrostructure, and microhardness) and mechanical behavior (tensile strength and impact toughness) in as-welded condition and after post-weld heat treatment at 550 ºC for 75 minutes. The weld zone exhibited large columnar grains in the direction perpendicular to the weld centerline and got refined after post-weld heat treatment. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and microhardness of the weld zone were found higher than the base metal. The impact toughness of weld zone was found ...
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Linear programming formulations and solutions are presented for all 10 problem types of the simple plastic theory: analysis under proportional and shake-down loading by kinematic or static approaches; design under fixed, alternative and... more
Linear programming formulations and solutions are presented for all 10 problem types of the simple plastic theory: analysis under proportional and shake-down loading by kinematic or static approaches; design under fixed, alternative and shake-down loading by kinematic or static approaches. Unavailable LP solutions for the analysis and design of plastic structures under shake-down loading are provided. The application of the computing technique for each type of problem is illustrated on a fairly complex plane frame.
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Research Interests: Biology and Agricultural
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Research Interests: Biology and Agricultural
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Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare the pre- and post-operative symptomatology, endoscopic findings, and nasal patency and to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of conventional compared to endoscopic septoplasty (ES).... more
Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare the pre- and post-operative symptomatology, endoscopic findings, and nasal patency and to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of conventional compared to endoscopic septoplasty (ES). Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India, on 50 patients aged between 18 and 60 years having symptomatic deviated nasal septum and refractory to medical treatment. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A, which included 25 patients in whom conventional septoplasty (CS) was performed, and Group B, which included 25 patients in whom ES was conducted. The postoperative assessment was carried out at once weekly for 1 month and twice weekly for another 2 months. Results: Nasal obstruction was relieved in 79.1% cases belonging to Group A and 91.3% cases to Group B. Headache was relieved in 62.5% cases belonging to Group A and 93.3% cases to Group B. Postnasal drip was relieved in 73.3% cases in Group A and 94.1% cases in Group B. The results were found to be statistically significant. An improvement in visual analog scale score was observed in both groups, but statistically significant difference was seen at 2nd and 4th week. Postoperative nasal patency improvement was observed in both groups by the Gertner plate, and the results were found to be statistically significant. Postoperative hemorrhage was observed in 24% cases in Group A and 12% cases in Group B. Septal perforation, septal hematoma, and mucosal tear were observed in 4%, 4%, and 8% of cases, respectively, in Group A. No such complication was reported in Group B. Conclusion: ES is more effective in terms of relief of symptoms and improvement of nasal patency. It is best for isolated spur, posterior deviation, and revision surgery, but anterior caudal dislocation is best handled with CS. Both these techniques should be taken as an adjuvant to each other.
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of craniofacial surgical intervention on the visual pathway’s function by comparing pre- to post-operative patterned, visually-evoked potentials (pVEP). A retrospective review was conducted on... more
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of craniofacial surgical intervention on the visual pathway’s function by comparing pre- to post-operative patterned, visually-evoked potentials (pVEP). A retrospective review was conducted on craniosynostosis patients who had pre- and post-craniofacial surgery pVEP testing. The pVEP measured grade in terms of amplitude latency and morphology of the waveforms. The pre- and post-operative results were compared. The study identified 63 patients (mean age at preoperative pVEP of 16.9 months). Preoperatively, 33 patients (52.4%) had abnormal pVEP. Nine patients had evidence of intracranial hypertension, and of those, eight (88.9%) had abnormal pVEP. Within 6 months postoperatively, 24 of 33 patients (72.7%) with abnormal preoperative pVEP developed normal postoperative pVEP, while all 30 patients with normal preoperative VEP maintained their normal results postoperatively. Significant improvements in pVEP latency in patients with broad or delayed ...
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The present investigation was carried out to identify the biochemical traits responsible for aphid resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L). The genotypes showing differential response towards aphid attack, i.e. EC-492253, EC-492255,... more
The present investigation was carried out to identify the biochemical traits responsible for aphid resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L). The genotypes showing differential response towards aphid attack, i.e. EC-492253, EC-492255, EC-492350, BCU-423 and PL-426 were taken for the present study. The grain yield was found to be maximum in EC-492253 and BCU-423, moderate in EC-492255 and EC-492350 while minimum in PL-426 genotype under natural aphid attack. The activities of defensive enzymes viz. polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), β-1, 3-glucanase and chitinase were determined in the flag leaves and grains of all the genotypes during different stages of development. The various biochemical constituents, i.e. total phenols, total soluble proteins, free amino acids, sugars and tannins were also estimated. The higher activities of PAL, PPO, β-1, 3-glucanase and chitinase along with the higher contents of total phenols and tannins in the flag leaves and grains of tolerant genotypes might attribute towards pest resistance. On the other hand, the higher contents of total soluble proteins, free amino acids and sugars in the flag leaves of susceptible genotype could be responsible for making it a better host for the aphids. The results of the multivariate principal component analysis showed that the susceptible, moderately tolerant and highly tolerant genotypes occupied distinct positions on the graph on the basis of enzymatic activities and biochemical constituents. It was further observed that there was a fine relation between the biochemical traits identified for stress tolerance and the grain yield of these genotypes.
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An insecticide efficacy trial was carried out during 2013–14 at four locations viz., Karnal, Ludhiana, Niphad and Pantnagar for evaluation of six new insecticides against foliar aphid complex in wheat. Aphid counts were made on five... more
An insecticide efficacy trial was carried out during 2013–14 at four locations viz., Karnal, Ludhiana, Niphad and Pantnagar for evaluation of six new insecticides against foliar aphid complex in wheat. Aphid counts were made on five randomly selected plants, one day before spray and then after 1, 2, 7 and 15 days after spray. After one day of spraying, flubendamide 480 SC @20g a.i./ha resulted in the least number of aphids at Karnal (4.33/shoot) and Ludhiana (1.06/shoot). However, thiamethoxam 25WG @12.5g a.i./ha and chlorantranilipride 18.5 SC @20g a.i./ha were observed as the best at Niphad (1.50/shoot) and Pantnagar (17.53/shoot), respectively. The maximum yield of 45.42 q/h and 58.31 q/ha at Karnal and Ludhiana was obtained with acetamiprid 20SP @20 g a.i./ha, respectively, whereas at Niphad and Pantnager, highest yield was obtained with clothianidin 50 WDG @15g a.i./ha and imidacloprid 17.8 SL@20g a.i./ha.