- Technical and Educational Consultant.Emeritus Professor of Manufacturing Metrology, Brunel University London. Former ... moreTechnical and Educational Consultant.Emeritus Professor of Manufacturing Metrology, Brunel University London. Former Vice President and Trustee IET.Senior Honorary Editor, Book Series in Sensors(CRC Press,Tayloredit
PurposeThis paper reports on a novel load cell and a novel torque transducer having stiffness and potential overload capability some ten times that of existing load cells and torque transducers based on the resistance strain... more
PurposeThis paper reports on a novel load cell and a novel torque transducer having stiffness and potential overload capability some ten times that of existing load cells and torque transducers based on the resistance strain gauges.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the practical capabilities and technology – the design, construction and characterisation.FindingsBoth the load cell and the torque transducer use recently developed metallic triple beam resonators with thick‐film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) drives and pickups. The advantages of this technology are frequency output, high overload capability, high sensitivity, high resolution, and low‐cost manufacture. Both the load cell and torque transducer output large changes in frequency (>500 Hz for relatively low changes in strain level i.e. <200 microstrain for the load cell and <400 microstrain for the torque transducer), providing high sensitivity and high overload capability.Practical implicationsLoad cells and torque transducers employing the new metallic resonators are expected to be far more robust than those using metallic resistance strain gauges.Originality/valueFocuses on an instrument with important features of use in many applications.
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ABSTRACT A metallic resonant force sensor consisting of a triple beam tuning fork structure with thick film piezoelectric elements to excite and detect the vibrations is presented. The resonating element of the sensor was fabricated in... more
ABSTRACT A metallic resonant force sensor consisting of a triple beam tuning fork structure with thick film piezoelectric elements to excite and detect the vibrations is presented. The resonating element of the sensor was fabricated in 430S17 stainless steel with a length of 15.5 mm and width of 7 mm. The resonator has an operational resonance frequency at 6.9 kHz under 15 N pretension. The pretensioned sensor was further loaded up to about 50 N, exhibiting a sensitivity of 13.0 Hz/N and a Q-factor greater than 1400 in air. The fabrication of the device involves combination of a photochemical etching technique and a standard screen-printing process which allows mass production of the device at low costs.
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This paper describes the design, fabrication and testing of metallic triple beam resonators in which the vibrations are driven and detected by thick-film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) elements. The resonator substrate was fabricated in... more
This paper describes the design, fabrication and testing of metallic triple beam resonators in which the vibrations are driven and detected by thick-film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) elements. The resonator substrate was fabricated in 430S17 stainless steel by a simultaneous, double-sided photochemical etching technique and the thick-film piezoelectric elements were deposited by a standard screen-printing process. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been employed to simulate the modal behaviour with stress distribution of the resonator and to optimise the positioning of the thick-film PZT elements on the resonator structure. The combination of the two batch-fabrication processes, i.e. photochemical etching and screen printing, provides the opportunity for mass production of the device at low cost. The resonator, a dynamically balanced triple beam tuning fork (TBTF) structure 15.5–23.5mm long and 6.5mm wide, has a favoured mode at between 5 and 7kHz with a Q-factor over 3000 operating in air. This novel device should find wide applications.
Research Interests: Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Finite Element Analysis, and 9 moreScreen printing, Stainless Steel, Fabrication, Mass production, Resonator, Stress distribution, Stress Distribution, Lead Zirconate Titanate, and Electrical And Electronic Engineering
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Optically powered fluid actuators are under development for use in 'control-by-light' systems including one based on photothermal effects inside a closed cell. The miniaturisation of the converted has been shown... more
Optically powered fluid actuators are under development for use in 'control-by-light' systems including one based on photothermal effects inside a closed cell. The miniaturisation of the converted has been shown to improve the speed of operation of this device substantially, with time constants of the order of tens of milliseconds. Further investigation of the various device components in silicon allows
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ABSTRACT Transducers using optical-fibre methods for transmitting the value of a measurand can show great advantages over more conventional devices. This is particularly the case where the primary sensing element is digital in nature,... more
ABSTRACT Transducers using optical-fibre methods for transmitting the value of a measurand can show great advantages over more conventional devices. This is particularly the case where the primary sensing element is digital in nature, such as in a resonant double-ended tuning fork (DETF) force transducer. A DETF has been used to produce a hybrid optoelectronic pressure transducer with such properties. Results are given and show that the device has a 2.5 bar range, a sensitivity of 525 Hz/bar, and a repeatability of 0.1% of the full-scale range.
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... Thanks are also due to Mr Amin in the preparation of diagrams and Mr M Rashid for typing the manuscript. References Afzal F A and Giutronich J E 1973 Solar Energy 15 125 Balicki M, Kandall E G and Orthman MW 1951 Metal Progr. ...
Page 1. Optical fibre sensors and systems for industry This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 1985 J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 18 770 (http://iopscience.iop.org/0022-3735/18/9/007)... more
Page 1. Optical fibre sensors and systems for industry This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 1985 J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 18 770 (http://iopscience.iop.org/0022-3735/18/9/007) ...
ABSTRACT Instruments can be considered as systems, and there are only a few structural schemes employed in the construction of such systems; one such scheme is the use of feedback. The general mode of operation of feedback-measuring... more
ABSTRACT Instruments can be considered as systems, and there are only a few structural schemes employed in the construction of such systems; one such scheme is the use of feedback. The general mode of operation of feedback-measuring systems is ascertained, and the reasons for applying feedback to a measurement situation are established. Using feedback it is possible to improve accuracy and speed of measurement, reduce the effect of interfering and modifying inputs, and allow remote indication and non-contact measurement. The property of inversion assists instrument design, and can provide for digital indication. Basic methods of stability assessment are given. The common balance variables are listed, and a wide range of instruments is discussed, making explicit the general properties of feedback. Measuring devices having a frequency output maintained by feedback, and the use of feedback for control purposes in instruments, are considered. The pedagogic implications are referred to, and an extensive list of references is provided.
ABSTRACT Industrial metrology is concerned with sensors to measure movement of machine tool parts and monitor tool wear and the dimensions of artefacts in machining centres, sensors for robots in flexible manufacturing systems, sensors to... more
ABSTRACT Industrial metrology is concerned with sensors to measure movement of machine tool parts and monitor tool wear and the dimensions of artefacts in machining centres, sensors for robots in flexible manufacturing systems, sensors to gauge mating parts for selective assembly or allowing for interchangeability, and sensors for inspection and testing of assembled or part-assembled products. The author reviews the subject and emphasises significant advances, from the use of resonant sensor systems, edge-sensing profilers and methods of laser scanning, to acoustic emission techniques, imaging systems and the scanning tunnelling microscope.
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ABSTRACT Optically powered fluid actuators are under development for use in `control-by-light' systems including one based on photothermal effects inside a closed cell. The miniaturisation of the converter has been shown to... more
ABSTRACT Optically powered fluid actuators are under development for use in `control-by-light' systems including one based on photothermal effects inside a closed cell. The miniaturisation of the converter has been shown to improve the speed of operation of this device substantially, with time constants of the order of tens of milliseconds. Further integration of the various device components in silicon allows for performance improvements which are discussed. This paper focuses on the production and assembly of the multiple-wafer device using a combination of simple micromachining techniques. Some typical experimental results are presented and future developments are discussed
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SYNOPSIS The paper describes experiments which demonstrate the feasibility of using a fluidic cone-jet sensor supplied with air and producing a pressure output to measure mean clearance, eccentricity and rotor speed inside a steam... more
SYNOPSIS The paper describes experiments which demonstrate the feasibility of using a fluidic cone-jet sensor supplied with air and producing a pressure output to measure mean clearance, eccentricity and rotor speed inside a steam turbine. Mean clearance can be indicated on a bourdon tube pressure gauge whilst eccentricity can be measured using a piezo-electric pressure transducer and phase sensitive detection. Variation in mean clearance from 2mm to 4mm and eccentricity up to 0.37 mm have been shown to provide linear outputs within ± 5% of full scale. There is no significant fall-off in eccentricity signal up to a turbine rotor speed of 6000 rev/min.
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ABSTRACT A contactless method of torque measurement on a rotating shaft has been developed. A triple-beam metallic resonating tuning fork mounted on a stiff torsion bar in-line with the shaft is used. An inductive drive and capacitive... more
ABSTRACT A contactless method of torque measurement on a rotating shaft has been developed. A triple-beam metallic resonating tuning fork mounted on a stiff torsion bar in-line with the shaft is used. An inductive drive and capacitive pick-up link with a simple phase lock loop provide the frequency output at about 4.5 kHz. Tests have been performed for static torque up to 13 Nm with sensitivity 60 Hz/Nm and for rotational torque up to 4.5 Nm with sensitivity 55 Hz/Nm (rotational speeds up to 150 rev/min). The design methodology, construction and initial results are discussed, and further developments are outlined
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... Plenary Presentation MEMS Force and Torque Sensors 2 Review of MEMS sensors. Barry E Jones in Sensors And Actuators (2004). 1 reader Save reference to library ?? Related research. Fundamental noise in MEMS force sensors. TW Kenny, YC... more
... Plenary Presentation MEMS Force and Torque Sensors 2 Review of MEMS sensors. Barry E Jones in Sensors And Actuators (2004). 1 reader Save reference to library ?? Related research. Fundamental noise in MEMS force sensors. TW Kenny, YC Liang, BL Pruitt, JA Harley in ...
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