Asmaa Salem

Kidney injury represents a global concern, leading to chronic kidney disease. The organophosphate insecticide malathion (MT) demonstrates environmental disturbance and impairment of different mammalian organs, including kidneys. Likewise, gamma-irradiation (IRR) provokes destructive effects in the kidneys. Rutin is a flavonoid glycoside that exhibits nephro-protective and radio-protective properties. This manuscript focused on investigating the protective response of rutin on MT- and IRR-triggered kidney injury in rats. Rats were randomly divided into eight groups of twelve: G1 (C), control; G2 (Rutin), rutin-treated rats; G3 (IRR), gamma-irradiated rats; G4 (MT), malathion-treated rats; G5 (IRR/MT), gamma-irradiated rats treated with malathion; G6 (IRR/Rutin), gamma-irradiated rats treated with rutin; G7 (MT/Rutin), rats treated with malathion and rutin; and G8 (IRR/MT/Rutin), gamma-irradiated rats treated with malathion and rutin, every day for 30 days. The results demonstrated th...

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of flaxseed oil (FSO) against acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in γ-irradiated rats (7 Gray). Rats treated with CCl4 exhibited the elevations in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Further, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and the relative ratio of the gene expression of cytochrome- P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and Caspase-3 were significantly increased, accompanied by the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione transferase (GST) activities as well as the reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Furthermore, the alterations of the trace elements; iron, calcium, copper, manganese, magnesium and zinc were observed. These effects were augmented after in...

Chronic kidney disease develops popular and medical health problems, especially in developing countries. The objective of this study is to investigate the protective mechanism of Spirulina platensis against γ-irradiation (R) and/or thioacetamide (TAA)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats intoxicated with R or TAA showed alterations in kidney function markers (urea, creatinine, albumin, and total protein contents), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase), and several inflammatory markers (including, the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, some interleukins, and nuclear factor-kappa B). Rats also acquired apoptosis, evinced by high caspase-3 efficacy. This nephrotoxicity mediated by upregulation of the messenger RNA (mRNA) gene expression of the autophagy markers: Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein LC3, p62 binding protei...

The activity of flaxseed oil (FSO) on gamma-irradiation (7Gy) and/or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced acute neurotoxicity in rats' brain was investigated. The results revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) and manganese (Mn) contents. Further, a significant elevation (p<0.05) in malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (NO), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-β1), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) levels were observed. Furthermore, the relative ratio of xanthine oxidase (XO) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression levels were elevated in the brain tissues of γ-irradiated and CCl4 intoxicated animals. Those effects were augmented due to the effect of CCl4-induced toxicity in γ-irradiated rats. The treatment of FSO displayed significant amendment of the studied parameters in the brain tissues of γ-irradiated and CCl4 intoxicated animals. FSO has a neuroprotective effect against CCl4-induced brain injury in gamma-irradiated rats. This effect is interrelated to the ability of FSO to scavenges the free radicals, enhances the antioxidant enzymes activity, increases GSH contents, down-regulates the inflammatory responses, ameliorates the iron, calcium, copper, magnesium, manganese levels and inhibiting the gene expression level of XO and iNOS in the brain tissues of intoxicated animals. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of FSO have the ability to improve the antioxidant status, suppress the inflammatory responses, and regulate the trace elements in the brain tissues of γ-irradiated, CCl4, and their combined effect in intoxicated animals. Consequently, FSO exhibited neuroprotective activity on γ-irradiated, CCl4, and their combined effect induced brain injury in rats.