Artículos by Angelica Mata
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The groundwater supply of the city of Chihuahua, Mexico, is currently unsustainable: demand excee... more The groundwater supply of the city of Chihuahua, Mexico, is currently unsustainable: demand exceeds replenishment in this area of relatively low precipitation and periodic droughts. The Chihuahua basin hydrologic analysis reflects only two areas of opportunity to increase water supply: water reuse and managed aquifer recharge with treated wastewater. This paper presents the results of project studies carried out by the Institute of Engineering of the UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México—National Autonomous University of Mexico) to define the best method for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with treated wastewater and to identify suitable locations. The work was conducted in accordance with the Mexican guidelines for aquifer recharge with treated wastewater (NOM-014; CONAGUA NOM-014-Requisitos para la recarga artificial de acuíferos con agua residual tratada, 2007) and includes geophysical surveys and unsaturated zone modeling to design a pilot test for intermittent infiltration which will subsequently inform the feasibility and design of a large scale system to recharge 25 Mm 3 /year.
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RESUMEN: Tabasco es una entidad federativa de la República Mexicana que presenta una problemática... more RESUMEN: Tabasco es una entidad federativa de la República Mexicana que presenta una problemática muy importante en materia de desastres naturales, en particular inundaciones (Campos, Barceló, Díaz, Ramírez, 2011). Algunas causas de esta situación son las siguientes: 1) la ubicación geográfica, ya que se encuentra en una zona ciclogénica, con una alta presencia de fenómenos hidrometeorológicos; 2) la dispersión y ubicación de la población en zonas de riesgo; 3) una infraestructura creada por el hombre que ha interferido en los escurrimientos naturales; y 4) la red hidrográfica con mayor gasto hidráulico de todo el país, lo cual provoca un manejo de cuencas que requieren mayor atención en la planeación urbana, la producción agrícola, y la preservación ecológica. Esta investigación se relaciona con el estudio de las inundaciones desde una perspectiva de sostenibilidad entendiendo al socio-ecosistema de Tabasco como un solo ente, en el cual se aprecian interacciones socioambientales a diferentes escalas que denotan procesos socio-históricos que contribuyen a la ocurrencia de este tipo de eventos. La finalidad de tales estudios es diseñar propuestas de medidas adaptativas, tanto estructurales como institucionales, pero en este estudio nos inclinamos por las segundas y consideramos que la fortificación de las capacidades de las poblaciones es un punto trascendental para la reducción de la vulnerabilidad y el desarrollo de estrategias anticipativas más que reactivas. ABSTRACT: Tabasco is a federal entity of the Mexican Republic that presents a very important problem in the matter of natural disasters, in particular floods (Campos, Barceló, Díaz, Ramírez, 2011). Some causes of this situation are the following: 1) the geographical location, since it is located in a cyclogenic zone, with a high presence of hydrometeorological phenomena; 2) the dispersion and location of the population in risk areas; 3) an infrastructure created by man that has interfered with natural runoff; and 4) the hydrographic network with the greatest hydraulic expenditure in the whole country, which causes watershed management that requires greater attention in urban planning, agricultural production, and ecological preservation. This research is related to the study of floods from a sustainability perspective, understanding the socio-ecosystem of Tabasco as a single entity, in which socio-environmental interactions are appreciated at different scales that denote socio-historical processes that contribute to the occurrence of this type of events. The purpose of such studies is to design proposals for adaptive measures, both structural and institutional, but in this study we favor the latter and consider that the fortification of the capacities of the populations is a transcendental point for the reduction of vulnerability and development of anticipatory rather than reactive strategies.
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Artículos by Angelica Mata