Aijaz Ali

Water is a blessing and reason forsurvival on earth for human beings. Without water, it is not difficult to live on earth, but it is impossible. Water fulfills domestic, drinking, agricultural, and industrial requirements and makes everything useful for us. Unfortunately, rapid increase in population, unplanned agriculture practices, and industrial sector have become a serious issues for environment and for future needs. Water will be a very important issue for next generations to face. Safe water access up to 50−100 liters per day for drinking and sanitation is a right of every human being, recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in July 2010. Approximately, six billion people may suffer from scarcity of clean water by 2050. The agriculture sector is the largest consumer of freshwater around 70% followed by industry and domestic of 19 and 11%, respectively. The global demand for water is gradually increasing by 1% per year. Global demand for water is predicted to increase...

The groundwater is one of the most important sources for fulfilling daily needs. Groundwater for drinking purposes is the biggest source in Pakistan, but due to population explosion, the rapid development of industrialization, deforestation, urbanization and unplanned housing schemes on agricultural lands are the major reasons for groundwater contamination and deterioration. The work emphasized evaluating the physicochemical characteristics of the groundwater of the two cities of Punjab, Faisalabad and Sargodha for drinking purposes. Overall thirty samples were collected in triplicate, fifteen from each city, Faisalabad and Sargodha, respectively. Physicochemical parameters, trace elements and microbiological analysis were conducted. The results revealed that the quantities of Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Chloride (Cl), and TDS were significantly higher than the permissible limits of WHO in the majority of the samples from Sargodha, while TDS, TH, were higher in most s...

The internal audit is an efficient, free, and documented procedure for gathering audit evidence and objectively evaluating it to ascertain the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled. The internal audit is very effective tool not only to judge the level meeting the needed requirements but also to improve the Quality Management System of the organization and great impact for the improvement of the performance of testing laboratories, inspection, certification agencies, and can play vital role for the strengthening of any organization. Internal Audit is a major way out to read through to gain guarantee that the organization is actually doing what it says is doing. During the internal audits in accordance with any of the required check, an auditor makes sure that the actions taken to meet the quality objectives of the organization are appropriate, and management system is in compliance with the relevant standard/ check. Nowadays, quality is important in business and industrial...

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) modes were studied for a multi-component plasma and urine quantification of 5 antihyperglycemic agents (metformin, pioglitazone, gliclazide, glibenclamide and glimperide). The separation of the compounds was achieved using Chromolith® Performance RP-18e column (100 × 4.6 mm), with gradient mobile phase composition of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid. MS parameters for APCI

Agar is a commercially important biopolymer by marine algae and used up in various industries like microbiological, food, medicine, cosmetics. Acid based pretreatment is explored in this study for open vessel and steam boiler methods in terms of agar production at wet conditions. For the selection of acids the very strong (H2SO4), strong (HCl) and weak acid (CH3COOH) were used and CH3COOH was selected. Furthermore, the strength of CH3COOH was optimized at 1%. The steam boiler treatment with 1h soaking in 1% CH3COOH produced 10g agar which was better than open vessel treatment

The study was designed to treat the effluent from sugarcane sector. The use of fresh water in sugarcane industry and result huge amount of waste water is not a secret to anyone. The use of chemicals in large quantities has caused a great risk and damage to the groundwater, soil, and aquaculture and ultimately leads to the destruction of our environment. Treatment of industrial sugarcane wastewater is not an easy task it has becomes a challenging task for environmental scientist. The purpose of our study is treatment, time saving and reuse for irrigation purpose. Coagulation with alum, ferric chloride, ferrous sulphate with combination of activated charcoal technique was used. The results of the study disclosed that COD and BOD were in huge amount and were successfully treated. Results of COD and BOD removal efficiencies were 51 and 28 mg/L, 76 and 42 mg/L, 90 and 52 mg/L by using alum, ferric chloride and ferrous sulphate respectively with combination of activated charcoal. After tr...

Industrial sector is a backbone of the economy throughout the world. Despite that there are a lot of benefits; such as development of urbanization, major contributor in economy’s growth is sign of industrial development. There are a lot of adverse effects on environment including depletion and damage of our natural and precious resources. Textile, cement, paper and pulp, sugarcane, food, pharmaceuticals, chemical, paint and other industries are largest consumers of the freshwater; for meeting the requirements of industrial production requirement for the industrial sector for their production. As a result the discharged huge amount of water in form of highly polluted water, this is a great threat to our ecosystem. The unplanned industrialization is a prime responsible for degradation of environment. If industrial wastewater is not properly treated instantly, it may create foulest and septic conditions in adjacent parts of the industrial areas. The discharges acute poisonous wastewate...

Rapid industrialization and urbanization severely affect our environment and water resources. Disposal of untreated wastewater to environment is a great threat to water bodies and environment. Sugarcane industry is an important industrial sector; globally it is also largest source of pollution of surface water and groundwater resources. It comprises a huge amount of chemicals and inorganic pollutants. Many treatment methods have been employed for the treatment of the sugarcane industry wastewater, such as chemical treatment, physical treatment, ion exchange, electrocoagulation and biological treatment. It is a fact that not a single treatment technique is effective for industrial effluent treatment. In this study, the physicochemical technique was used to remove the major pollutants as per Sindh Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) effluent standards that include Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and Oil & Grease content. In ...

Parasitism is an important limiting factor responsible to cause damage to agricultural production. Plant parasitic root knot nematodes attack several economic crops in Pakistan. Plant- parasitic nematodes considerably add huge losses to economies in the top tomatoes crop producing countries throughout the world, instead of controlling the main pathogenic nematode species as usual; one of the innovative strategies to control plant-parasitic nematodes would be to manage diversity in communities in order to lead them to be less pathogenic. The plants and their materials are one of the potential remedies for nematodes management. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) along with its several biological applications may serve as a biopesticide against Meloidogyne incognita, a nematode species. A bioassay guided isolation of various fractions of turmeric was subjected to nematicidal activity in comparison with Azadirachta indica against Meloidogyne incognita larvae at the concentration of 0.25, 0.5, and...