The structural behaviors of cylindrical barns as a specific engineering structure have been considered as a complicated computing process. The structure design against the earthquake load, to protect by using the code, is an urgency... more
The structural behaviors of cylindrical barns as a specific engineering structure have been considered as a complicated computing process. The structure design against the earthquake load, to protect by using the code, is an urgency avoiding unexpected damages. The situation has been subjected to the applied design method if there would be no failure across the construction procedures. The purpose of the current study is to clarify the behaviors of cylindrical reinforced concrete barns through the analytic methods across the mass and Lagrangian approaches through the whole outcomes comparison indicating that the isoparametric element obtained from the Lagrangian approach has been successfully applied in the barns earthquake analysis when the slosh effects have been discarded. The form of stress distributions is equal with sz closed distributions to one another
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An experimental study is conducted to determine the interaction/exchange between metals in contaminated soils and those in metallic water pipes. Experimentation was carried out on two-100 mm diameter (ductile iron pipe) DIP sections,... more
An experimental study is conducted to determine the interaction/exchange between metals in contaminated soils and those in metallic water pipes. Experimentation was carried out on two-100 mm diameter (ductile iron pipe) DIP sections, buried in soil and subjected to artificial rainwater (ARW) representing three years' rainfall. The backfill soil was contaminated with controlled concentrations of heavy metals; they were Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb). These were then allowed to seep through the soil to the pipe external surfaces. The results indicated that there was iron enrichment from the rainwater experiments compared to the controls whose source could only be the pipe sections; the remaining fittings were not metallic. The iron released from the pipe was then determined in the drainage. There was an increasing wash out of iron content with progressive increases in contaminant loading in each following experiment after which it decreased with time because o...
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Tunnel construction in urban areas causes ground displacement which may distort and damage overlying buildings and municipal utilities. It is therefore extremely important to predict tunneling-induced ground movements in tunneling... more
Tunnel construction in urban areas causes ground displacement which may distort and damage overlying buildings and municipal utilities. It is therefore extremely important to predict tunneling-induced ground movements in tunneling projects. To predict the tunneling-induced ground movements, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used as flexible non-linear approximation functions. These methods, however, have significant limitations that decrease their accuracy and applicability. To overcome these problems, the use of optimization algorithms to train ANNs is of advantage. In this paper, a hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm-based ANN is developed to predict the maximum surface settlement and inflection points in transverse and longitudinal directions. Subsequently, the transverse and longitudinal troughs were obtained by means of empirical equations and 3D surface settlement troughs were ploted. For this purpose, extensive data consisting of measured settlements from 123 settlement markers, geotechnical properties and tunneling parameters were collected from the Karaj Urban Railway Project in Iran. The optimum values of PSO parameters were determined with the help of sensitivity analysis. On the other hand, to find the optimal architecture of the network, trial-and-error method was used. The final hybrid model including eight inputs, a hidden layer and three outputs was used to predict transverse and longitudinal tunneling-induced ground movements. The results demonstrated that the proposed model can very accurately predict three-dimensional ground movements induced by tunneling.
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Tunnelling in densely populated areas is generally associated with undesirable ground movement and subsequent damage to adjacent buildings. Many parameters are contributed to the ground movements during tunnelling in which non-linear... more
Tunnelling in densely populated areas is generally associated with undesirable ground movement and subsequent damage to adjacent buildings. Many parameters are contributed to the ground movements during tunnelling in which non-linear relationships are established between these parameters and ground movements. This paper presents the effects of tunnel depth and relative density of sand on surface settlement induced by tunneling by means of parametric study through finite element modelling. In this regard, tunnel excavation in sand with two different relative densities of 30% and 75% was investigated. In addition, effects of tunneling in different cover to diameter ratio of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were analysed. The results show that increasing in the value of the relative density of sand reduces the ground movements induced by tunneling. In addition, shallow tunneling in loose sand produces remarkable movements around the tunnel and on the ground surface.
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Blasting is the controlled use of explosives to excavate, break down or remove rock in construction projects and mining industrials. Air overpressure or airblast is one of the undesirable effects of blasting operation that affects the... more
Blasting is the controlled use of explosives to excavate, break down or remove rock in construction projects and mining industrials. Air overpressure or airblast is one of the undesirable effects of blasting operation that affects the surrounding environment and may cause damage to adjacent structures. Blasting designers concern about the airblast induced by blasting as the adverse and unintended effects of explosive usage on the surrounding areas. Prediction of airblast is a significant part of blasting damage assessment. Several methods were developed based on the empirical relationships obtained from field studies to predict blasting induced airblast. Nevertheless, these methods usually predict with considerable error due to the fact that the methods do not consider effective parameters on airblast phenomena. This paper presents a new method based on artificial neural networks to predict blastinginduced airblast. Thirty eight blasting operations were monitored from two granite quarry sites in Malaysia, and the obtained data were used to create an artificial neural network model to predict airblast induced by blasting. The results indicate that this method is able to predict blasting-induced airblast with reasonable accuracy.
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Abstract A reliable prediction of the soil properties mixed with recycled material is considered as an ultimate goal of many geotechnical laboratory works. In this study, after planning and conducting a series of laboratory works, some... more
Abstract A reliable prediction of the soil properties mixed with recycled material is considered as an ultimate goal of many geotechnical laboratory works. In this study, after planning and conducting a series of laboratory works, some basic properties of marine clay treated with recycled tiles together with their unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values were obtained. Then, these basic properties were selected as input variables to predict the UCS values through the use of two hybrid intelligent systems i.e., the neuro-swarm and the neuro-imperialism. Actually, in these systems, respectively, the weights and biases of the artificial neural network (ANN) were optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and imperialism competitive algorithm (ICA) to get a higher accuracy compared to a pre-developed ANN model. The best neuro-swarm and neuro-imperialism models were selected based on several parametric studies on the most important and effective parameters of PSO and ICA. Afterward, these models were evaluated according to several well-known performance indices. It was found that the neuro-swarm predictive model provides a higher level of accuracy in predicting the UCS of clay soil samples treated with recycled tiles. However, both hybrid predictive models can be used in practice to predict the UCS values for initial design of geotechnical structures.
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Mechanical shear connectors are commonly used to transfer longitudinal shear forces across the steel-concrete interface in composite beams. Steel pipe as a new shear connector is proposed in this research and its performance to achieve... more
Mechanical shear connectors are commonly used to transfer longitudinal shear forces across the steel-concrete interface in composite beams. Steel pipe as a new shear connector is proposed in this research and its performance to achieve composite strength is investigated. Experimental monotonic push-out tests were carried out for this connector. Then, a nonlinear finite element model of the push-out specimens is developed and verified against test results. Further, the finite element model is used to investigate the effects of pipe thickness, length and diameter on the shear strength of the connectors. The ultimate strengths of these connectors are reported and their respective failure modes are discussed. This paper comprises of the push-out tests of ten specimens on this shear connector in both the vertical and horizontal positions in different reinforced concretes. The results of experimental tests are given as load-deformation plots. It is concluded that the use of these connectors is very effective and economical in the medium shear demand range of 150-350 KN. The dominant failure modes observed were either failure of concrete block (crushing and splitting) or shear failure of pipe connector. It is shown that the horizontal pipe is not as effective as vertical pipe shear connector and is not recommended for practical use. It is shown that pipe connectors are more effective in transferring shear forces than channel and stud connectors. Moreover, based on the parametric study, a formula is presented to predict the pipe shear connectors' capacity.
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In geotechnical engineering field, the behaviour of soil does rely much on the shear strength for design purpose. Previously, findings show that the change of grained size in soil will change the structure (microstructure) and behaviour... more
In geotechnical engineering field, the behaviour of soil does rely much on the shear strength for design purpose. Previously, findings show that the change of grained size in soil will change the structure (microstructure) and behaviour of the soil; consequently, affected the strength. To date, limited study focused on the effect of grading on the behaviour of sand fine mixtures. This study aims to investigate the effect of coarse sand on undrained strength behaviour of sand matrix soils in comparison with clean sand. A series of test on reconstituted sand matrix soils had been carried out by conducting consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial test using GDS ELDYN® triaxial machine. Coarse sand (retain within 2.0 mm to 0.6 mm) was mixed with 0%, 10 %, 20%, 30%, and 40% of fine particles (kaolin) independently by weight to prepare reconstituted samples. Triaxial samples of 50 mm diameter and 100 mm height were prepared using wet tamping technique (5% of moisture content) with targeted relative density at 15% (loose state). Each reconstituted sample was sheared at two effective confining pressures of 100 kPa and 200 kPa, respectively. Results show that the gradation contributed to the behaviour of the sand matrix soils. Increasing percentage of coarse sand in sand matrix soils exhibited higher effective friction angle. Similar trends were also observed on the angularity effect on undrained shear strength parameters.
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Tunnelling through densely populated areas is usually associated with undesirable ground movement and damage to adjacent buildings. Consequently, it is essential to investigate the mechanism of the soil movements around the tunnel as well... more
Tunnelling through densely populated areas is usually associated with undesirable ground movement and damage to adjacent buildings. Consequently, it is essential to investigate the mechanism of the soil movements around the tunnel as well as ground surface. Laboratory model tests provide comprehensive understanding of the soil movements induced by tunnelling and failure mechanism as well. This paper presents a review on the laboratory model test of tunnels in soft soils
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Flood forecasting is crucial for early warning system and disaster risk reduction. Yet the flood river water levels are difficult and challenging task that it cannot be easily captured with classical time-series approaches. This study... more
Flood forecasting is crucial for early warning system and disaster risk reduction. Yet the flood river water levels are difficult and challenging task that it cannot be easily captured with classical time-series approaches. This study proposed a novel intelligence system utilised various machine learning techniques as individual models, including radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), support vector machine (SVM), and long short-term memory network (LSTM) to establish intelligent committee machine learning flood forecasting (ICML-FF) framework. The combination of these individual models achieved through simple averaging method, and further optimised using weighted averaging by K-nearest neighbour (K-NN) and genetic algorithm (GA). The effectiveness of the proposed model was evaluated using real case study for Malaysia’s Kelantan River. The results show that ANFIS outperforms as individual model, while ICML-FF-based model produced better accuracy and lowest error than any one of the individuals. In general, it is found that the proposed ICML-FF is capable of robust forecasting model for flood early warning systems.
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Inadequate characteristics of marine clay often lead to engineered structures being damaged. There is a need to perform soil improvement prior to any construction activity. This study intends to ascertain marine clay strength from samples... more
Inadequate characteristics of marine clay often lead to engineered structures being damaged. There is a need to perform soil improvement prior to any construction activity. This study intends to ascertain marine clay strength from samples obtained from the West-Coast Expressway (WCE) project; the samples are planned to be strengthened using magnesium chloride (MgCl2). Specifically, the determination of the compressive strength of magnesium chloride-treated marine clay is a key objective of the study. The testing process comprises lab assessment to ascertain the Unconfirmed Compressive Strength (UCS) to treated and untreated marine clay samples. Laboratory tests confirmed that, typically, marine clay treated with MgCl2 had enhanced strength. The UCS test indicated that an addition of 6% MgCl2 to marine clay led the strength peaking at 137 kPa.In contrast, the addition of MgCl2 upwards of 4% led to a decrease in strength. Marine clay treated with 6% MgCl2 recorded an increase in UCS t...
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The weakening and softening behavior of soft clay subjected to cyclic loading due to the build-up of excess pore water pressure is well-known. During the design stage of the foundation of highways and coastal high-rise buildings, it is... more
The weakening and softening behavior of soft clay subjected to cyclic loading due to the build-up of excess pore water pressure is well-known. During the design stage of the foundation of highways and coastal high-rise buildings, it is important to study the mechanical behavior of marine soils under cyclic loading as they undergo greater settlement during cyclic loading than under static loading. Therefore, this research evaluates the cyclic stress-strain and shear strength of untreated and treated marine clay under the effects of wind, earthquake, and traffic loadings. A series of laboratory stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests have been conducted on both untreated and treated marine clay using different effective confining pressures and a frequency of 0.5 and 1.0 Hz. In addition, treated samples were cured for 28 and 90 days and tested under a frequency of 2.0 Hz. The results revealed significant differences in the performance of treated marine clay samples than that of untreated samples under cyclic loading. The treated marine clay samples were able to stand up to 2000 loading cycles before failure, while untreated marine clay samples could not stand few loading cycles. The untreated marine clay displayed a higher permanent axial strain rate under cyclic loading than the treated clay due to the existence of new cementing compounds after the treatment with recycled tiles and low amount (2%) of cement. The effect of the effective confining pressure was found to be significant on untreated marine clay while its effect was not crucial for the treated samples cured for 90 days. Treated samples cured for 90 days performed better under cyclic loading than the ones cured for 28 days and this is due to the higher amount of cementitious compounds formed with time. The highest deformation was found at 0.5 Hz, which cannot be considered as a critical frequency since smaller frequencies were not used. Therefore, it is recommended to consider testing the treated marine clay using smaller frequencies than 0.5 Hz
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Predicting the compressive strength of concrete has been considered as the initial phase across the cement production processing. The current study has focused on the integration of the concrete compressive strength in 28 days with the... more
Predicting the compressive strength of concrete has been considered as the initial phase across the cement production processing. The current study has focused on the integration of the concrete compressive strength in 28 days with the mix of the major oxides and fine aggregates as an experimental formula through the use of two types of Portland cement resulting the compressive strength of the concrete highly dependent on time.
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Research Interests: Environmental Science, Geology, Soil Science, Weathering, Peat, and 3 moreSoil Type, Soil Water, and alluvium
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In a shallow tunnel, tunnel construction will triggers a chain of ground movements, resulting in settlements at the ground surface, which become more significant with the decrease in tunnel depth. Therefore, by considering behaviour of... more
In a shallow tunnel, tunnel construction will triggers a chain of ground movements, resulting in settlements at the ground surface, which become more significant with the decrease in tunnel depth. Therefore, by considering behaviour of the segment tunnel joints (can affect the integrity of tunnel in both circumference and longitudinal directions), the surface settlement trough were investigated. Initial model of dual segmental tunnel lining was model and validated with laboratory test to gain nonlinear response of segment joint. Then, a soil-tunnel simulation model was developed with various segment joint parametric models for Singapore Circle Line Stage 3 (C852) project. Results showed that with the use of flexible segment joints that allow movement (hinge-nonlinear model) in staggered ring tunnel model, the ground deformation depicted higher resemblance of surface settlement pattern to the field data. Steady state settlement was observed after 10m of cutter head distance.
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Tunneling close beneath piles is becoming increasingly common in densely populated areas. It has therefore become important to understand more about the mechanism of the soil movements and interaction between the tunnel and piles.... more
Tunneling close beneath piles is becoming increasingly common in densely populated areas. It has therefore become important to understand more about the mechanism of the soil movements and interaction between the tunnel and piles. Physical modeling, which can replicate the actual tunnel construction and related process, is most widely used to investigate the mechanism of pile–tunnel interaction and validate the predicted results by other solutions. This paper presents a review of studies on that matter followed by a quantitative comparison of the pile movements and loads due to tunneling. In this regard, all previous studies of physical modeling of the prototype including single and multiple gravity tests have been reviewed. In addition, modeling of pile–tunnel interaction has been categorized into two groups of tunneling with the existence of single pile and group of piles. Finally, the results and findings of the most recent studies in the field of tunnel–pile interaction have been discussed. Collecting and analyzing of these data provide a better understanding of the interaction as well as indicating where further research is needed.
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Bottom ash produced from coal-fired power plants has been utilized in engineering applications for the purpose of recycling and solving disposal issue of bottom ash. This study reviews various applications of bottom ash in engineering... more
Bottom ash produced from coal-fired power plants has been utilized in engineering applications for the purpose of recycling and solving disposal issue of bottom ash. This study reviews various applications of bottom ash in engineering fields. The engineering properties exhibited by bottom ash in terms of free draining, granular, lightweight and interlocking nanostructures allow them to be used for different functions. The bottom ash used is not limited to its raw state, but can be mixed and modified for advanced applications without neglecting the impacts on the environmental. The presence of metals in bottom ash are well known and being discussed whether they are harmful to the environment. Many countries have their own threshold limit of maximum contaminants, hence TCLP result will determine the hazardous status of bottom ash. This review helps in promoting the solution and potential usage of bottom ash, since coal is one of the dominant source of energy in power generation sector.
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This study was conducted to determine the SWCC of unsaturated tropical residual soil in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Undisturbed soil samples at five locations of high-risk slopes area were taken at a depth of 0.5 m using block sampler. In the... more
This study was conducted to determine the SWCC of unsaturated tropical residual soil in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Undisturbed soil samples at five locations of high-risk slopes area were taken at a depth of 0.5 m using block sampler. In the determination of the SWCC, the pressure plate extractor with the capacity of 1500 kN/m2 has been used. The index properties of the soil such as natural moisture content, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, and soil classification are performed according to BS 1377: Part 2: 1990. The results of index properties show that the natural moisture content of the soil is between 36% to 46%, the plasticity index is between 10% - 26%, the specific gravity is between 2.51 - 2.61 and the soils is classified as silty organic clay of low plasticity. The SWCC data from the pressure plate extractor have been fitted with the Fredlund and Xing equation. The results show that the air entry value and residual matric suction for residual soils are in the range of 17 kN/m2 to 24 kN/m2 and 145 kN/m2 to 225 kN/m2 respectively. From the fitting curve, it is found that the average value of the Fredlund and Xing parameters such as a, n and m are in the range of 0.24-0.299, 1.7-4.8 and 0.142-0.440 respectively.
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Geotechnical factors often exert a major influence on damage patterns and loss of life in earthquake events. Even within an area of a city, building response and damage are varied significantly due to variation of soil profiles in that... more
Geotechnical factors often exert a major influence on damage patterns and loss of life in earthquake events. Even within an area of a city, building response and damage are varied significantly due to variation of soil profiles in that particular city. The existing codes or provisions, which were applied in a certain region, may not be necessarily employed directly in other region since individual region has its own characteristics. Therefore, it would be necessary to perform seismic hazard analysis for each region and to develop seismic design code that is suitable with the characteristics of that particular region rather than adopting the existing code. This paper presents the results of microzonation study for Kuala Lumpur city center and Putrajaya in Peninsular Malaysia. The microzonation study consists of two stages: (1) determination of the local geological and local geotechnical site conditions; and (2) computation of the ground response through soil deposit from base rock mo...
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Waste materials are being produced in huge quantities globally, and the usual practice is to dump them into legal or illegal landfills. Recycled tiles (RT) are being used in soil stabilisation which is considered as sustainable solution... more
Waste materials are being produced in huge quantities globally, and the usual practice is to dump them into legal or illegal landfills. Recycled tiles (RT) are being used in soil stabilisation which is considered as sustainable solution to reduce the amount of waste and solve the geotechnical problems. Although the stabilisation of soil using RT improved the soil properties, it could not achieve the standard values required for construction. Thus, this study uses 20% RT together with low cement content (2%) to stabilise soft soil. Series of consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests were conducted on untreated and RT-cement treated samples. Each test was performed at 7, 14, and 28 days curing period and 50, 100, and 200 kPa confining pressures. The results revealed an improvement in the undrained shear strength parameters (cohesion and internal frication angle) of treated specimens compared to the untreated ones. The cohesion and friction angle of the treated samples were increased with the increase in curing time and confining pressure. The peak deviator stress of treated samples increases with the increment of either the effective confining pressures or the curing period. Microstructural and chemical tests were performed on both untreated and RT-cement treated samples, which included field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The results indicated the formation of cementation compounds such as calcium aluminium hydrate (C-A-H) within the treated samples. Consequently, the newly formed compounds were responsible for the improvement observed in the results of the triaxial tests. This research promotes the utilisation of RT to reduce the amount of cement used in soil stabilisation for cleaner planet and sustainable environment.
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Tunnel lining design is an interactive problem, which is not merely about the strength, but on how much the tunnel allows to flexure to overcome the ground movement. When tunnel interacts with soil, stress from the ground is distributed... more
Tunnel lining design is an interactive problem, which is not merely about the strength, but on how much the tunnel allows to flexure to overcome the ground movement. When tunnel interacts with soil, stress from the ground is distributed into the structure. In the case of precast segmental bolted tunnel lining, it is critical to investigate the lining joint reaction, as this affects the overall flexural behaviour of the tunnel lining. Understanding the segmental behaviour is important to optimize the design of lining, leading to cost effective production and maintaining the good services during its design life. The objective of this paper is to present a short review on research works conducted in the past pertaining on the joint effect in longitudinal seam in tunnel lining. Review on numerical simulations and laboratory testing were carried out in order to understand the basis of the tunnel lining mechanical behaviour response. A series of flexural bending laboratory testing conduct...
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In general, the tensile strength of the soil is poor. For this reason, the soil will need to be strengthened. The main objective of strengthening the soil mass is to improve stability, increase bearing capacity and reduce settlements and... more
In general, the tensile strength of the soil is poor. For this reason, the soil will need to be strengthened. The main objective of strengthening the soil mass is to improve stability, increase bearing capacity and reduce settlements and lateral deformation. There are several methods for improving the soil. One of the approaches is the use of geosynthetic materials. Geosynthetic is a well-known technique in soil reinforcement. The use of geosynthetic three dimensions can significantly improve the soil performance and reduce costs in comparison with conventional designs. In this paper, a review of experimental test carried out by different researchers in optimum depth of geocell in the sand had been made. Test results indicated that the inclusion of reinforcement in optimum depth of sand decreased settlements and leading to an economic design of the footings.
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Shallow tunnelling through densely populated areas is usually associated with undesirable ground movement and damage to adjacent buildings. Consequently, to minimize tunnelling effects on adjacent structures in these areas, close... more
Shallow tunnelling through densely populated areas is usually associated with undesirable ground movement and damage to adjacent buildings. Consequently, to minimize tunnelling effects on adjacent structures in these areas, close monitoring and precautionary measures are necessary. An accurate prediction of surface settlement due to tunnelling is a principle step towards a precautionary measure. Many parameters are contributed to the ground movements during tunnelling. In fact, non-linear relationships are established between these parameters and ground movements. Computational approaches are used world-widely to predict surface settlement due to tunnelling. However, due to complex ground conditions in many cases, these methods cannot take into account all of the relevant parameters and therefore predict surface settlement incorrectly. Recently, there are efforts to improve the existing prediction methods besides exploring into new methods of prediction. Artificial neural network ha...
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Buku ini mengandungi beberapa bab iaitu kandungan, bab 1 ciri asas tanah, sifat semula jadi tanah, analisis saiz zarah, keplastikan tanah berbutir halus, perihalan dan pengelasan tanah, kehubungan fasa, pemadatan tanah, bab 2 resipan, air... more
Buku ini mengandungi beberapa bab iaitu kandungan, bab 1 ciri asas tanah, sifat semula jadi tanah, analisis saiz zarah, keplastikan tanah berbutir halus, perihalan dan pengelasan tanah, kehubungan fasa, pemadatan tanah, bab 2 resipan, air tanah, kebolehtelapan, teori resipan, jejaring aliran, keadaan-keadaan tanah tak isotropi, keadaan-keadaan tanah tak homogen, keadaan pemindahan, resipan melalui empangan tanah, penurapan, lambang fros, bab 3 tegasan berkesan, pengenalan, prinsip tegasan berkesan, sambutan tegasan berkesan terhadap perubahan tegasan jumlah, tanah separa tepu, pengruh resipan ke atas tegasan berkesan, bab 4 kakuatan ricih, kriterium kegagalan mohar-coulomb, ujian-ujian kekuatan ricih, kekuatan ricih pasir, kekuatan ricih tanah liat tepu, konsep keadaan genting, kekuatan baki, pekali-pekali tekanan liang, pengukuran piezometer di situ, bab 5 tegasan dan anjakan, keanjalan dan keplastikan, tegasan daripada teori anjal, anjakan menurut teori anjal, bab 6 tekanan sisi t...
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Tunnel excavation usually will causes soil redistribution and settlement. Hence, for urban areas where large building used pile for foundation, tunnelling might affect the pile integrity. Engineers pose great role in order to correctly... more
Tunnel excavation usually will causes soil redistribution and settlement. Hence, for urban areas where large building used pile for foundation, tunnelling might affect the pile integrity. Engineers pose great role in order to correctly estimating the stress changes onto pile structures. It is particularly vital to estimate the tunnelling effects when new tunnels are to be built near an existing pile. Therefore, this paper presents a physical modelling to investigate the tunnel-pile-soil interaction. Sand box test with pile and tunnel model was developed to imitate the field condition. The laboratory testing conducted with constant parameter tunnel cover to tunnel diameter ratio of 2.5 with pile to tunnel distance of 1.5 of tunnel diameter. Two rate of tunnel excavation were carried out. Laboratory tests determined the longitudinal and transverse ground surface settlement induced by tunnelling, as well as the movement and induced bending moment on a single pile foundation. For valida...
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Implementation of potential debris flow hazard in Malaysia has been conducted by JabatanKerja Raya (JKR) in 2011. However, evaluation of this hazard level cannot deny the consequent to the nearest facilities. Thus, run-out analysis based... more
Implementation of potential debris flow hazard in Malaysia has been conducted by JabatanKerja Raya (JKR) in 2011. However, evaluation of this hazard level cannot deny the consequent to the nearest facilities. Thus, run-out analysis based on numerical modelling is easiest and competent way to evaluate the risk level. This paper presents a study on debris flow sedimentation volume with and without sabo dam by numerical simulation using Kanako 2D software. Kanako 2D software is widely being used in Japan and it is equipped with graphical user interface (GUI). A crossed verification upon numerical modelling and actual field data collection, and mitigation situation model that include sabo dam has been conducted. Results showing that Kanako 2D software have a precise output where the sedimentation volume is slightly higher around 5-15 %. It also proven that sabo dam can reduce the impact of debris flow because it can bear the sedimentation volume about 91%. In speeding up the process of ...