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Research Interests: Chemistry, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, Manganese, Biodegradation, and 15 morePeroxidase, Anthracene, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Soil Microbiology, Mineralization, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Biotransformation, Phenanthrene, Culture Media, Pyrene, Soil Pollutants, Solvents, BASIDIOMYCOTA, Manganese Peroxidase, and Thallophyta
Inulin is a reserve carbohydrate in about 15 % of the flowering plants and is accumulated in underground tubers of e.g. chicory, dahlia and Jerusalem artichoke. This carbohydrate consists of linear chains of β-(2,1)-linked fructose... more
Inulin is a reserve carbohydrate in about 15 % of the flowering plants and is accumulated in underground tubers of e.g. chicory, dahlia and Jerusalem artichoke. This carbohydrate consists of linear chains of β-(2,1)-linked fructose attached to a sucrose molecule. Inulinases hydrolyse inulin into fructose and glucose. To find efficient inulin degrading fungi, 126 fungal strains from the Fungal Biotechnology Culture Collection (FBCC) at University of Helsinki and 74 freshly isolated strains from soil around Jerusalem artichoke tubers were screened in liquid cultures with inulin as a sole source of carbon or ground Jerusalem artichoke tubers, which contains up to 19 % (fresh weight) inulin. Inulinase and invertase activities were assayed by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method and a freshly isolated Penicillium strain originating from agricultural soil (FBCC 1632) was the most efficient inulinase producer. When it was cultivated at pH 6 and 28 °C in 2 litre bioreactors using inulin and Jerusalem artichoke as a carbon source, inulinase and invertase activities were on day 4 7.7 and 3.1 U mL(-1), respectively. The released sugars analysed by TLC and HPLC showed that considerable amounts of fructose were released while the levels of oligofructans were low, indicating an exoinulinase type of activity. Taxonomic study of the inulinase producing strain showed that this isolate represents a new species belonging in Penicillium section Lanata-divaricata. This new species produces a unique combination of extrolites and is phenotypically and phylogenetically closely related to Penicillium pulvillorum. We propose the name Penicillium subrubescens sp. nov. (CBS 132785(T) = FBCC 1632(T)) for this new species.
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The biological conversion of plant lignocellulose plays an essential role not only in carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems but also is an important part of the production of second generation biofuels and biochemicals. The presence of... more
The biological conversion of plant lignocellulose plays an essential role not only in carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems but also is an important part of the production of second generation biofuels and biochemicals. The presence of the recalcitrant aromatic polymer lignin is one of the major obstacles in the biofuel/biochemical production process and therefore microbial degradation of lignin is receiving a great deal of attention. Fungi are the main degraders of plant biomass, and in particular the basidiomycete white rot fungi are of major importance in converting plant aromatics due to their ability to degrade lignin. However, the aromatic monomers that are released from lignin and other aromatic compounds of plant biomass are toxic for most fungi already at low levels, and therefore conversion of these compounds to less toxic metabolites is essential for fungi. Although the release of aromatic compounds from plant biomass by fungi has been studied extensively, relatively little attention has been given to the metabolic pathways that convert the resulting aromatic monomers. In this review we provide an overview of the aromatic components of plant biomass, and their release and conversion by fungi. Finally, we will summarize the applications of fungal systems related to plant aromatics.
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Research Interests: Chemistry, Bioremediation, Soil Pollution, Biological Sciences, Biodegradation, and 15 moreEnvironmental Sciences, Pesticide, Pesticides, Gas Chromatography, Mineralization, Inoculation, Fungus, Biotransformation, Soil Biology, BIOCIDE, Decontamination, Trametes Versicolor, PENTACHLOROPHENOL, Thallophyta, and Fungicide
... [43] RZ Kazandjian, JS Dordick and AM Klibanov, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 28 (1986) 417421. [44] HJ Doddema, Biotech. Bioeng., 32 (1988) 716718. 1451 VV Moshaev, YL Khmelnitsky, MV Sergeeva, AB Belova, NL Klyachko, AV Levashov and K.... more
... [43] RZ Kazandjian, JS Dordick and AM Klibanov, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 28 (1986) 417421. [44] HJ Doddema, Biotech. Bioeng., 32 (1988) 716718. 1451 VV Moshaev, YL Khmelnitsky, MV Sergeeva, AB Belova, NL Klyachko, AV Levashov and K. Mattinek, Eur. ...
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Research Interests: Engineering, Chemistry, Technology, Biotechnology, Biological Sciences, and 15 morePeroxidase, White Rot Fungi, Glutathione, Lignin, Gel Permeation Chromatography, Superoxide Dismutase, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Molecular Mass, Water soluble polymers, Liquid Scintillation Counting, Guaiacol, Manganese Peroxidase, Glucose Oxidase, Reduced glutathione, and Depolymerization
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Research Interests: Chemistry, Food Science, Environmental Biotechnology, Biodegradation, Straw, and 15 moreSolid State Fermentation, Infrared spectroscopy, Weight Loss, White Rot Fungi, Nitrogen, Chemical Analysis, Lignin, Fermentation, Water soluble polymers, Microbial enzyme Technology, Wheat Straw, Total Phenolics, Thallophyta, phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Pleurotus Eryngii
Pre-treatment of wood chips with white-rot fungi (ie biopulping) has previously been shown to decrease the energy consumption in mechanical pulping. In this study, promising novel fungal isolates were found for biopulping of Norway spruce... more
Pre-treatment of wood chips with white-rot fungi (ie biopulping) has previously been shown to decrease the energy consumption in mechanical pulping. In this study, promising novel fungal isolates were found for biopulping of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Three hundred ...
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Within a screening program, 27 soil litter-decomposing basidiomycetes were tested for ligninolytic enzyme activities using agar-media containing 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate), a humic acid or Mn2+ ions... more
Within a screening program, 27 soil litter-decomposing basidiomycetes were tested for ligninolytic enzyme activities using agar-media containing 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate), a humic acid or Mn2+ ions as indicator substrates. Most active species were found within the family Strophariaceae (Agrocybe praecox, Stropharia coronilla, S. rugosoannulata) and used for mineralisation experiments with a 14C-ring-labelled synthetic lignin (14C-DHP). The fungi mineralised around 25% of the lignin to 14CO2 within 12 weeks of incubation in a straw environment; about 20% of the lignin was converted to water-soluble fragments. Mn-peroxidase was found to be the predominant ligninolytic enzyme of all three fungi in liquid culture and its production was strongly enhanced in the presence of Mn2+ ions. The results of this study demonstrate that certain ubiquitous litter-decomposing basidiomycetes possess ligninolytic activities similar to the wood-decaying white-rot fungi, the most efficient lignin degraders in nature.
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Purified manganese peroxidase (MnP) from the white-rot basidiomycete Phlebia radiata was found to convert in vitro milled pine wood (MPW) suspended in an aqueous reaction solution containing Tween 20, Mn 2+ , Mn-chelating organic acid... more
Purified manganese peroxidase (MnP) from the white-rot basidiomycete Phlebia radiata was found to convert in vitro milled pine wood (MPW) suspended in an aqueous reaction solution containing Tween 20, Mn 2+ , Mn-chelating organic acid (malonate), and a hydrogen peroxide-generating system (glucose-glucose oxidase). The enzymatic attack resulted in the polymerization of lower-molecular-mass, soluble wood components and in the partial depolymerization of the insoluble bulk of pine wood, as demonstrated by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The surfactant Tween 80 containing unsaturated fatty acid redsidues promoted the disintegration of bulk MPW. HPSEC showed that the depolymerization yielded preferentially lignocellulose fragments with a predominant molecular mass of ca. 0.5 kDa. MnP from P. radiata (MnP3) turned out to be a stable enzyme remaining active for 2 days even at 37°C with vigorous stirring, and 65 and 35% of the activity applied was retained in Tween 2...
Research Interests: Chemistry, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, Cellulose, Peroxidase, and 15 moreWood, Applied Environmental Microbiology, Lignin, Trees, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Enzyme, Hydrogen Peroxide, Peroxidases, Molecular Mass, Oxidation-Reduction, Organic Acid, BASIDIOMYCOTA, Manganese Peroxidase, Glucose Oxidase, and Depolymerization
... No browning of hyphal apices was noted in interaction with C. subvermispora, whereas with P. chrysosporium the hyphal front of P. rivulosus became pigmented. In all pairings with P. chrysosporium, the interacting mycelial front of the... more
... No browning of hyphal apices was noted in interaction with C. subvermispora, whereas with P. chrysosporium the hyphal front of P. rivulosus became pigmented. In all pairings with P. chrysosporium, the interacting mycelial front of the partner fungus became pigmented. ...
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The composition of Scots pine bark, its degradation, and the production of hydrolytic and ligninolytic enzymes were evaluated during 90 days of incubation with Phanerochaete velutina and Stropharia rugosoannulata. The aim was to evaluate... more
The composition of Scots pine bark, its degradation, and the production of hydrolytic and ligninolytic enzymes were evaluated during 90 days of incubation with Phanerochaete velutina and Stropharia rugosoannulata. The aim was to evaluate if pine bark can be a suitable fungal substrate for bioremediation applications. The original pine bark contained 45% lignin, 25% cellulose, and 15% hemicellulose. Resin acids were the most predominant lipophilic extractives, followed by sitosterol and unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic and oleic acids. Both fungi degraded all main components of bark, specially cellulose (79% loss by P. velutina). During cultivation on pine bark, fungi also degraded sitosterol, produced malic acid, and oxidated unsaturated fatty acids. The most predominant enzymes produced by both fungi were cellulase and manganese peroxidase. The results indicate that Scots pine bark supports enzyme production and provides nutrients to fungi, thus pine bark may be suitable fungal substrate for bioremediation.
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Research Interests: Microbiology, Chemistry, Bioremediation, Environmental Chemistry, Fungi, and 15 moreCellulose, Biodegradation, Peroxidase, Lignin, Anthracene, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Bioconversion, Laccase, Enzyme, Keratinase, Contaminated soil, Biotransformation, Molecular Mass, Molecular weight, and Pine Bark
... The results indicate that lipid peroxidation may play an important role in lignin biodegradation by wood-rotting basidiomycetes and support the hypothesis of coupling between the processes. References. 1. K.-EL Eriksson, RA Blanchette... more
... The results indicate that lipid peroxidation may play an important role in lignin biodegradation by wood-rotting basidiomycetes and support the hypothesis of coupling between the processes. References. 1. K.-EL Eriksson, RA Blanchette and P. Ander. ...
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Research Interests: Chemistry, Environmental microbiology, Carbon Dioxide, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, and 14 moreOxidoreductases, Temperature, Lignin, Laccase, Solubility, Enzyme, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Chip, Water soluble polymers, Culture Media, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Oxidation-Reduction, Waste products, and Paecilomyces
Research Interests: Chemistry, Biology, Applied microbiology, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, and 15 moreManganese, Peroxidase, Sequence alignment, Nitrogen, Lignin, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Molecular cloning, Peroxidases, Protein isoforms, Amino Acid Sequence, Culture Media, Pyrogallol, Manganese Peroxidase, Molecular Sequence Data, and Polyporales
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Production of ligninolytic enzymes by three strains of the white rot fungus Phlebia tremellosa (syn. Merulius tremellosus ) was studied in bioreactor cultivation under nitrogen-limiting conditions. The Mn(II) concentration of the growth... more
Production of ligninolytic enzymes by three strains of the white rot fungus Phlebia tremellosa (syn. Merulius tremellosus ) was studied in bioreactor cultivation under nitrogen-limiting conditions. The Mn(II) concentration of the growth medium strongly affected the secretion patterns of lignin peroxidase and laccase. Two major lignin peroxidase isoenzymes were expressed in all strains. In addition, laccase and glyoxal oxidase were purified and characterized in one strain of P. tremellosa. In contrast, manganese peroxidase was not found in fast protein liquid chromatography profiles of extracellular proteins under either low (2.4 μM) or elevated (24 and 120 μM) Mn(II) concentrations. However, H 2 O 2 - and Mn-dependent phenol red-oxidizing activity was detected in cultures supplemented with higher Mn(II) levels. Mineralization rates of 14 C-ring-labelled synthetic lignin (i.e., dehydrogenation polymerizate) by all strains under a low basal Mn(II) level were similar to those obtained ...
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ABSTRACT Biopulping, i.e. treatment of wood chips by a suitable lignin-selective white-rot fungus, has been successfully combined with mechanical pulping in the USA, and the process is now under commercalization. In contrast, biopulping... more
ABSTRACT Biopulping, i.e. treatment of wood chips by a suitable lignin-selective white-rot fungus, has been successfully combined with mechanical pulping in the USA, and the process is now under commercalization. In contrast, biopulping combined with chemical pulping has been much less studied. The key factor for successful biopulping is to find a suitable fungus for the wood species of interest. More than 300 wood-rotting fungi, mostly newly isolated from old forests, were screened on plate tests, and the degradation of spruce wood blocks were tested by about 90 fungi. Suitable testing methods were developed and adopted to evaluate fungi that facilitate pulping. Most promising fungi were cultivated on spruce wood chips and the chips were then Kraft pulped. Some fungal treated samples were also mechanically pulped. Whiterot fungi usually produce organic acids such as oxalic acid during the degradation of lignin in wood. Therefore the compatibility of the fungal treatment with the present Kraft pulping practice is difficult to achieve, although the best fungi clearly degraded lignin and also improved alkali solubility of lignin.
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SUMMARY Basidiomycete fungi subsist on various types of plant material in diverse environments, from living and dead trees and forest litter to crops and grasses and to decaying plant matter in soils. Due to the variation in their natural... more
SUMMARY Basidiomycete fungi subsist on various types of plant material in diverse environments, from living and dead trees and forest litter to crops and grasses and to decaying plant matter in soils. Due to the variation in their natural carbon sources, basidiomycetes have highly varied plant-polysaccharide-degrading capabilities. This topic is not as well studied for basidiomycetes as for ascomycete fungi, which are the main sources of knowledge on fungal plant polysaccharide degradation. Research on plant-biomass-decaying fungi has focused on isolating enzymes for current and future applications, such as for the production of fuels, the food industry, and waste treatment. More recently, genomic studies of basidiomycete fungi have provided a profound view of the plant-biomass-degrading potential of wood-rotting, litter-decomposing, plant-pathogenic, and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) basidiomycetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on plant polysaccharide depolymerization by ba...
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The development of bioremediation techniques with fungi has concentrated on their oxidative enzymes, and, more specifically, on the most important ligninolytic enzymes, namely laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase... more
The development of bioremediation techniques with fungi has concentrated on their oxidative enzymes, and, more specifically, on the most important ligninolytic enzymes, namely laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase (MnP). These enzymes are able to degrade, and even partially mineralize the most recalcitrant pollutants, such as textile dyes, endocrine disrupters (EDCs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), halogenated compounds, and various agrochemicals. These compounds can be found frequently in wastewaters or contaminated soil. The essential role of ligninolytic enzymes for the degradation of xenobiotics has been established repeatedly in liquid cultivations, but the correlation between the enzyme activity and biodegradation in soil systems has been very difficult to prove. Soil is a challenging matrix to study bioremediation with enzymes; as their activities are very low in soil, enzymes are typically bound to soil organic matter, and soil components may disturb the enzyme assays. Especially LiP activity is hard to detect from soil. Enzyme activities during bioremediation in field scale have not been measured and fungal enzyme preparations have not yet been utilized on a larger scale although several trials have been carried out with fungal cultures. The action of enzymes can be improved by several compounds called redox mediators, or by immobilization techniques.
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ABSTRACT This paper describes for the first time in detail the lignocellulose degradation system in Paecilomyces inflatus. The fungal genus Paecilomyces contributes the carbon turnover from lignin and carbohydrate plant residues,... more
ABSTRACT This paper describes for the first time in detail the lignocellulose degradation system in Paecilomyces inflatus. The fungal genus Paecilomyces contributes the carbon turnover from lignin and carbohydrate plant residues, particularly in compost and soil environment, where basidiomycetes appear very seldom. We studied three different strains of P. inflatus, obtained from different ecophysiological and geographical origin. Various cultivation conditions were employed, and the chemical analysis of decayed straw, compost, birch and spruce wood chips indicated variable responses. Endoglucanase, xylanase and laccase were assayed. All strains of P. inflatus, regardless of their origin, altered the ambient pH in a similar manner in all investigated substrates, suggesting that all P. inflatus isolates may share the common regulatory system to control their environmental pH. The variability among strains of P. inflatus in their ability to remove lignocellulose components often was related to the nature of the substrate and the production of specific enzymes although it was not strictly correlated. This may implicate that other enzymes and/or even other parameters needed for lignocellulosics degradation in P. inflatus should be evaluated. Indications for specific adaptation strategies that may operate in P. inflatus were found.
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The utility of simple syringyl-type phenolics of plant origin and some common synthetic compounds were compared with regard to their ability to act as laccase mediators in the oxidation of non-phenolic lignin model compounds. It was... more
The utility of simple syringyl-type phenolics of plant origin and some common synthetic compounds were compared with regard to their ability to act as laccase mediators in the oxidation of non-phenolic lignin model compounds. It was demonstrated that syringyl-type phenols, especially acetosyringone and methyl syringate, were able to mediate the oxidation of substrates of high oxidation potential by a laccase with a low redox potential. A mediator dose around 10% showed good performance compared to the equimolar quantities needed when the synthetic compounds 1-hydroxybenzotriazole orN-hydroxyacetanilide were used.