To determine the relationship between bacterial colonization of tooth surfaces and dental caries, selective agar media-MM10 Sucrose, Rogosa SL and Blood agar were used to isolate bacteria from the scrappings of 60 tooth surfaces of 30... more
To determine the relationship between bacterial colonization of tooth surfaces and dental caries, selective agar media-MM10 Sucrose, Rogosa SL and Blood agar were used to isolate bacteria from the scrappings of 60 tooth surfaces of 30 children and young adults. Mean age +/- SD was 13.3 +/- 4.1 (range seven to 19 years). Streptococcus mutans was isolated from 36 surfaces representing 60pc Lactobacillus species from 38 surfaces (68pc), and Actinomyces species from 12 surfaces (20pc). The individual prevalences of these organisms decreased with age. The distribution of bacteria according to surfaces examined showed that the pits and fissures were the main habitat of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli were sensitive to erythromycin. Actinomyces species were 100pc sensitive to Penicillin. All the bacteria species isolated were also found to be 100pc sensitive to Olfoxacin (Tarivid). It is suggested that the use of antibiotics may stop the growth of cariogenic bacteria in individuals and thereby contribute to a decline in the incidence and prevalence of dental caries in the community.
Research Interests:
A structured questionnaire was administered on 495 women (urban 339, rural 156) from two LGAs of Borno State, Nigeria, using the interviewer method. The age range of the subjects was 12 to 80 years with a mean age (+/- SD) of 35.7 +/-... more
A structured questionnaire was administered on 495 women (urban 339, rural 156) from two LGAs of Borno State, Nigeria, using the interviewer method. The age range of the subjects was 12 to 80 years with a mean age (+/- SD) of 35.7 +/- 13.44 years. Majority (83.5%) did not have any formal education. Oral hygiene tools used by the respondents included toothbrush/paste 36 (7.9%), chewing stick 250 (54.9%), charcoal 159 (34.9%) and ordinary water 10 (2.2%). Of those using chewing sticks; 168 (67.2%) use Salvadora persica, 36 (14.4%) use Azadirachta indica and 46 (18.4%) use Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Forty (8.1%) of the respondents do not clean their teeth at all. Strong association was found between choice of teeth cleaning material and educational level (P=0.000). Three hundred and one (60.8%) of the respondents stain their teeth with flowers of Solanum incanum or Nicotania tabacum while, 218 (44.0%) perform tattooing of lip or gingivae and of this number 213 (97.7%) performed tattooing before marriage. Tattooing is usually performed without local anaesthesia with thorns of Balanites aegyptiaca and a mixture of charcoal & seeds of Acacia nilotica var. tomentosa as pigments. It is concluded that traditional oral health practices still constitute important part of the lifestyle in the study population.
Research Interests:
The relationship between socio-economic factors and dental health in an Obstetric Nigerian population was studied. The mean gestational age (+/-standard deviation) was 30.16 + 5.45 weeks (range 16-40 weeks). Acquisition of dental... more
The relationship between socio-economic factors and dental health in an Obstetric Nigerian population was studied. The mean gestational age (+/-standard deviation) was 30.16 + 5.45 weeks (range 16-40 weeks). Acquisition of dental education was found to be unrelated to level of education. When the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease were considered, the difference between the high, middle and low socio-economic groups were found to be significant (p < 0.05).
Research Interests:
Background: Presence of helicobacter pylori (H.Pylori) in the dental plaques may be associated with the presence of the same organism in gastric mucosa. Objectives: To assess and compare the prevalence of H. pylori in dental plaques and... more
Background: Presence of helicobacter pylori (H.Pylori) in the dental plaques may be associated with the presence of the same organism in gastric mucosa. Objectives: To assess and compare the prevalence of H. pylori in dental plaques and gastric mucosa of dyspeptic Nigerians. Methods: Sixty-six consecutive patients undergoing endoscopy for investigation of dyspepsia were included in the study. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and other factors. Each patient also had clinical dental examination. Dental plaque scrapping was collected before endoscopy for helicobacter pylori culture, and at endoscopy, two gastric biopsy specimens were taken for culture and histology. Results: The mean age (+/- SD) of the patients was 44.8 (+/- 17.4) years (range 5 to 80 years). The positivity rate of helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy was 35 of 66 (53.0%) while the same for dental plaque was 46 of 66 (69.7%). The correlation (Spearman's) between gastric mucosa and dental plaque colonization with helicobactor pylori was significant (R = 0.30, P = 0.01). When concordant positivity of gastric biopsy culture and histology was taken as diagnostic, the sensitivity of dental plaque culture was found to be 82.9% and the specificity was 45.2%. Conclusions: This study revealed that helicobactor pylori has a high prevalence in the dental plaque of the population that we have studied and may therefore be of potential relevance in screening for such infection.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Medicine and Gingivitis
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
(The Journal of Cultural Studies: 2000 2(1): 313-317
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the dental treatment needs and the level of dental service utilization among patients with mental disorders (PWMD). Setting: This was a cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria... more
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the dental treatment needs and the level of dental service utilization among patients with mental disorders (PWMD). Setting: This was a cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria conducted between March and November 2018. Methodology: The community periodontal index of treatment of needs and the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index were used to determine the dental and periodontal treatment needs. Dental service utilization was determined using a self-reporting assessment questionnaire. All data analyses were carried out using the IBM SPSS® Statistics version 20 and the statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 116 PWMD participated in the study with 51.7% being females. The age range was between 19 and 57 years and the mean age was 37.16 (±10.52). Dental treatment need was 40.8%, while 66% needed a range of periodontal interventions and this showed no statistically significant differences in terms of gender (P = 0.67, P = 0.15, respectively). While 32.7% had made previous dental visits, past caries experience, and other factors such as gender were significant predictors for dental visits. Conclusion: There was a high dental and periodontal treatment need among PWMD, yet the dental service utilization was low. More collaborations between oral and mental health specialists are needed to improve dental service utilization and promote holistic health care for PWMD.
Research Interests:
An unusual case of cervicofacial actinomycosis in a 60-year old male Nigerian is reported. The patient had had partial mandibular resection for plexiform ameloblastoma one year earlier with insertion of Kirschner wire to serve as a... more
An unusual case of cervicofacial actinomycosis in a 60-year old male Nigerian is reported. The patient had had partial mandibular resection for plexiform ameloblastoma one year earlier with insertion of Kirschner wire to serve as a splint. The authors highlight the possible pathophysiology of this condition. It is suggested that clinicians be aware of the various modes of presentation and natural history of the disease to facilitate prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This will assist in forestalling the numerous complications that may result from actinomycosis.
Research Interests:
A project for improving primary health care in an underserved rural area of Osun State, Nigeria, involved the creation of a partnership between the local government, the community and a medical college. Joint administrative and technical... more
A project for improving primary health care in an underserved rural area of Osun State, Nigeria, involved the creation of a partnership between the local government, the community and a medical college. Joint administrative and technical committees were established, and community mobilization was fostered. The evidence so far indicates that partnership designs can accelerate the development of primary health care in an affordable manner.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Sugar-based Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) is still the conventional treatment for diarrhoeal diseases. The WHO/UNICEF, and other groups endorse and actively promote its use for all cases of diarrhoea. Despite the deleterious effects of... more
Sugar-based Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) is still the conventional treatment for diarrhoeal diseases. The WHO/UNICEF, and other groups endorse and actively promote its use for all cases of diarrhoea. Despite the deleterious effects of sugars promotion on dental health, and the incontrovertible role of sugars as the major factor responsible for the present upsurge in dental caries prevalence in the developing countries, the search for an ideal Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) has so far completely ignored any dental considerations. Of the presently available rehydration solutions, the cereal or food-based solutions offer greater advantages over the sugar based solutions. Further research efforts must be directed at non-sugar based ORT, and funding organisations should give support to researchers and research institutions working to replace sugars with cereal flours, improve food-based ORS, or develop novel approaches to ORT that are based on non-cariogenic ingredients. Policy makers...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The aim of the study is to obtain the views and opinions of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAS), community leaders and other stake holders (care providers and AIDS orphans), so as to assess the role of Non-Governmental Organisations in... more
The aim of the study is to obtain the views and opinions of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAS), community leaders and other stake holders (care providers and AIDS orphans), so as to assess the role of Non-Governmental Organisations in the control of HIV infection with the purpose of making appropriate recommendations for policy formulation on issues related to the health and care of PLWHAs. A qualitative research was carried out using in-depth interview method with a questionnaires as a guide. In all, 12 seropositives, 13 community leaders and 34 AIDS orphans were interviewed. Results indicate that there was a lack of networking between the six Non-Governmental Organisations working in the state in relation to HIV/AID. Also, none of these PLWHAs had concrete plans for the future of their children, though they all expressed some form of anxiety about their children's future. The burden of care of AIDS orphans often fall on the maternal family members. Top on the list of the pro...
Research Interests: Social Work, Child Welfare, Nigeria, Medicine, Anxiety, and 15 moreHIV, Humans, Organizations, HIV and AIDS, Caregivers, Hiv Aids, Adult, Community Networks, ANXIETY, Child Health Services, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Child preschool, attitude to health, Interviews as topic, and HIV infections
Fifty nine patients with histologically confirmed cases of oral malignant neoplasia were included in this study. There was a male preponderance with the male to female ratio being 2.5 to 1.0. The average waiting period before presentation... more
Fifty nine patients with histologically confirmed cases of oral malignant neoplasia were included in this study. There was a male preponderance with the male to female ratio being 2.5 to 1.0. The average waiting period before presentation was 8.9 +/- 6.5 months (range: two to 24 months). Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant variety, 50.8%, of all malignancies recorded. The alveolar ridge and the gingivae were the commonest sites accounting for 40.7% of all cases. Majority of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma, (80.8%), presented with stage IV of this disease. The pattern of oral malignancies in the population studied appears slightly different from earlier observations in Western Europe and Asia. The necessity to strengthen research on the epidemiology of the disease in Nigeria and other African countries is highlighted.
Research Interests:
Achieving good oral health is now considered an important component of good health for any population and the inclusion of an oral health component in national health policies is a good strategy for promoting oral health. This paper... more
Achieving good oral health is now considered an important component of good health for any population and the inclusion of an oral health component in national health policies is a good strategy for promoting oral health. This paper sought to examine the existing health-related policies of the Nigerian government in order to determine the position accorded oral health within the policy framework and to determine the role of these policies in improving the oral health status of Nigerians. A detailed search of electronic sources and Nigerian government documents to identify the major health related policies of the government in the last decade was conducted. The policies identified and analysed were the Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s), Vision 20:2020, National Economic Empowerment and Development strategy (NEEDS), the seven point agenda and the primary health care policy. The analysis from this report indicates an exclusion of oral health from the framework of most of the policie...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Objective: To analyse the perception of healthcare professionals and managers of the institutional structure of four hospitals in Nigeria to successfully implement the health sector reform (HSR) programme in the country. Study design: A... more
Objective: To analyse the perception of healthcare professionals and managers of the institutional structure of four hospitals in Nigeria to successfully implement the health sector reform (HSR) programme in the country. Study design: A cross-sectional survey of 507 healthcare professionals and managers in four hospitals located in four cities in southwest Nigeria conducted between December 2007 and March 2008. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used as the instrument for the assessment of staff perception of institutional structure of the hospitals to successfully implement the HSR programme. The questionnaire had questions ranked on a 5-point Likert scale that explored the respondents’ perceptions of institutional structure and closed-ended questions of socio-demographic nature. Results: The overall perception of institutional structure was 52.5%. The perception of the four dimensions of institutional structure was design 60.7%, human resources 54.7%, financial resourc...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Abstract: In Nigeria, modern dental practice is relatively recent. The dawn can be traced to 1915 when the first government dentist was employed in Lagos, then the country’s capital. There are presently four dental schools in the country;... more
Abstract: In Nigeria, modern dental practice is relatively recent. The dawn can be traced to 1915 when the first government dentist was employed in Lagos, then the country’s capital. There are presently four dental schools in the country; each graduates an average of thirty dentists annually. The present study determined the trends in the gender distribution of dental practitioners over the twenty-year period from 1981 to 2000 and used available data to project into the future. Data was collected from governmental and nongovernmental publications. The results indicate that there are now 2,598 licensed dentists serving the country’s population of 123 million. A vast majority of these dentists work in urban centers, and only about 20 percent work in the rural areas where over 70 percent of Nigerians reside. There has been a male preponderance in the number of practicing dentists: only fifty-eight (15.3 percent) of 379 dental practitioners were female in 1981, though this figure has ri...
Research Interests:
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine and compare the oral health status of outpatients with mental disorders (OPMDs) and healthy controls (HCs) in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional... more
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine and compare the oral health status of outpatients with mental disorders (OPMDs) and healthy controls (HCs) in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study among 140 OPMDs was consecutively recruited from the Mental Health Clinic of a Nigerian tertiary teaching hospital. Furthermore, 140 age- and sex-matched HCs screened using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire were recruited from the general outpatient clinic. Oral health status was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, the community periodontal index modified (CPI modified), the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), and the gingival index (GI). Bivariate analyses were carried out to make comparisons between the two groups, and the level of significance was set at P
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Although there have been major improvements in oral health, with remarkable advances in the prevention and management of oral diseases, globally, inequalities persist between urban and rural communities. These inequalities exist in the... more
Although there have been major improvements in oral health, with remarkable advances in the prevention and management of oral diseases, globally, inequalities persist between urban and rural communities. These inequalities exist in the distribution of oral health services, accessibility, utilization, treatment outcomes, oral health knowledge and practices, health insurance coverage, oral health–related quality of life, and prevalence of oral diseases, among others. People living in rural areas are likely to be poorer, be less health literate, have more caries, have fewer teeth, have no health insurance coverage, and have less money to spend on dental care than persons living in urban areas. Rural areas are often associated with lower education levels, which in turn have been found to be related to lower levels of health literacy and poor use of health care services. These factors have an impact on oral health care, service delivery, and research. Hence, unmet dental care remains one...
Research Interests:
The HIV/AIDS pandemic marks a severe development crisis in Africa, which remains by far the worst affected region in the world. Forty-two million people now live with HIV/AIDS of which 29.4 million (70.0%) are from sub-Saharan Africa.... more
The HIV/AIDS pandemic marks a severe development crisis in Africa, which remains by far the worst affected region in the world. Forty-two million people now live with HIV/AIDS of which 29.4 million (70.0%) are from sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately 5 million new infections occurred in 2002 and 3.5 million (70.0%) of these were also from sub-Saharan Africa. The estimated number of children orphaned by AIDS living in the region is 11 million. In 2002, the epidemic claimed about 2.4 million lives in Africa, more than 70% of the 3.1 million deaths worldwide. Average life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa is now 47 years, when it would have been 62 years without AIDS. HIV/AIDS stigma is still a major problem despite the extensive spread of the epidemic. A complex interaction of material, social, cultural and behavioural factors shape the nature, process and outcome of the epidemic in Africa. However, too many partners and unprotected sex appear to be at the core of the problem, Even if ex...
Research Interests: Dentistry, Africa, Population Dynamics, Public sector, Adolescent, and 15 moreMedicine, Social behavior, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Child, Female, Dental, Life Expectancy, Health Expenditures, Adult, Social Behavior, Unsafe Sex, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Socioeconomic Factors, and HIV infections
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A person's right to access his or her protected health information is a core feature of the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule. If the information is stored electronically, covered entities... more
A person's right to access his or her protected health information is a core feature of the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule. If the information is stored electronically, covered entities must be able to provide patients with some type of machine-readable, electronic copy of their data. The aim of this study was to understand how academic dental institutions execute the Privacy Rule's right of access in the context of electronic health records (EHRs). A validated electronic survey was distributed to the clinical deans of 62 U.S. dental schools during a two-month period in 2014. The response rate to the survey was 53.2% (N=33). However, three surveys were partially completed, and of the 30 completed surveys, the 24 respondents who reported using axiUm as the EHR at their dental school clinic were the ones on which the results were based (38.7% of total schools at the time). Of the responses analyzed, 86% agreed that clinical module...