- Biology, Biotechnology, Renewable Energy, Biochemistry, Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and 28 moreBioenergy, Biomass, Biodiesel, Biomathematics, Fermentation Technologies, Bioelectrochemistry, BIOETHANOL, Adsorption, Bioplastics, Biohydrogen, Anaerobic Treatment, Algal Lipids, Bioelectricity, Biolecetrochemical Treatment, Advanced Wastewater Treatment, Drak Fermentation, Microbial Fuel Cell, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Biochemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Water quality, Water Treatment, Wastewater Treatment, Biofuels, Bioprocessing, Bioproducts, and Biomass Processingedit
The current communication reports the development of a single-stage biosystem for biohythane production from wastewater treatment. A semi-pilot scale bioreactor with 34 L capacity was used for this study. Maximum biohythane production of... more
The current communication reports the development of a single-stage biosystem for biohythane production from wastewater treatment. A semi-pilot scale bioreactor with 34 L capacity was used for this study. Maximum biohythane production of 147.5 ± 2.4 L was observed after five cycles of operation with production rate of 4.7 ± 0.1 L/h. The biohythane composition (H2/(H2 + CH4)) varied from 0.60 to 0.23 during stabilized fifth cycle of operation. During each cycle of operation, higher H2 fraction was noticed within 12 h of cycle period followed by CH4 production for rest of operation (36 h). During biohythane production, COD removal efficiency of 60 ± 5% (SDR, 29.0 ± 1.9 kg CODr/m3-day) was also achieved. The synergistic function of volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and consumption during process in hybrid biosystem played vital role on the composition of biohythane. The single-stage biosystem facilitates production of high valued and cost efficient biofuel (biohythane) with fewer controls than individual acidogenic and methanogenic processes.
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Research Interests: Organic Chemistry, Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicinal Chemistry, Plant Biology, Flow Cytometry, and 60 moreCell Cycle, Vitamins, Calcium, Enzyme Inhibitors, Mitochondria, Apoptosis, Multidisciplinary, Animal Production, Cell Division, Signal Transduction, Biological Sciences, Cell line, Humans, Tea, Reactive Oxygen Species, Mice, Female, Melanoma, Animals, Renal cell Carcinoma, Male, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Cell Death, Chemoprevention, Physical sciences, Quinones, Phosphorylation, Fibrosarcoma, Glycoproteins, Caspase, Anticancer, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), Cell nucleus, Molecules, Phenols, Rats, PCNA, Mouth Neoplasms, Oximes, Cancer Therapeutics, Necrosis, Protein Expression, Food Sciences, Tretinoin, Camptothecin, Cell Proliferation, Staurosporine, Cell Survival, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Antineoplastic Agents, Benzoquinones, Hemin, Olea, Oleanolic acid, Biochemistry and cell biology, Sodium Fluoride, Triterpenes, Cheek, DNA fragmentation, and Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins
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... 1). The biofilm reactor was designed to operate in the upflow mode (L/D ratio 9.7) with inert stone chips (0.02 cm × 0.05 cm; void ratio 0.54) used as packing material for fixed bed to support the growth of anaerobic mixed microflora.... more
... 1). The biofilm reactor was designed to operate in the upflow mode (L/D ratio 9.7) with inert stone chips (0.02 cm × 0.05 cm; void ratio 0.54) used as packing material for fixed bed to support the growth of anaerobic mixed microflora. ...
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Research Interests: Engineering, Atmospheric Aerosols, Environmental Monitoring, Ion Chromatography, South India, and 25 moreAerosols, India, Biological Sciences, Cities, Seasonality, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Nitrates, Fluorides, Hazardous Materials, Seawater, Metals, Hazardous, Particulate Matter, Phosphates, Water soluble polymers, Seasons, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Ions, Air Pollutants, Sulfates, Volatilization, Urban Area, Chlorides, and temporal variation
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Research Interests: Chemical Engineering, Renewable Energy, Biochemical Engineering, Wastewater Treatment, Industrial Biotechnology, and 11 moreFuel Cell, Potassium, Current Density, Biochemical, Anaerobic Treatment, Perforation, Operant Conditioning, Microbial Fuel Cell, Experimental Data, Organic Loading Rate, and Mixed Culture
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Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, Jan.Feb. 2008; 90(1): 3141 ... Chemical fractionation of heavy metals in airborne particulate matter (PM10) by sequential extraction procedure ... M. PRAVEEN KUMAR1,... more
Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, Jan.Feb. 2008; 90(1): 3141 ... Chemical fractionation of heavy metals in airborne particulate matter (PM10) by sequential extraction procedure ... M. PRAVEEN KUMAR1, S. VENKATA MOHAN2, & S. JAYARAMA REDDY1
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This study presents an approach to enhance fermentative biohydrogen (H2) production by improving the system buffering capacity through utilization of CO2 generated from syngas. The experimental data substantiates the positive impact of... more
This study presents an approach to enhance fermentative biohydrogen (H2) production by improving the system buffering capacity through utilization of CO2 generated from syngas. The experimental data substantiates the positive impact of CO2 sparging on H2 production process. Various CO2 sparging times viz., 30, 60 and 120s were evaluated on H2 production and substrate degradation. Based on the optimum sparging time (60s), experiments were further performed to study the influence of pH microenvironment (5, 6 ...
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Bio (microbial) fuel cell (microbial fuel cell) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as anodic biocatalyst was evaluated in terms of power generation and substrate degradation at three redox conditions (5.0, 6.0 and 7.0). Fuel cell was operated... more
Bio (microbial) fuel cell (microbial fuel cell) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae as anodic biocatalyst was evaluated in terms of power generation and substrate degradation at three redox conditions (5.0, 6.0 and 7.0). Fuel cell was operated in single chamber (open-air ...
Research Interests: Engineering, Kinetics, Water Purification, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Adsorption, and 22 moreX Rays, Weight Loss, Temperature, Fluorides, Hazardous Materials, First-Order Logic, Thermogravimetry, Hazardous, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Distilled Water, Surface Properties, Spectrum analysis, Binding Energy, Functional Group, Adsorption Isotherm Models, Ion Exchange, Hydrogen Atom, X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Aqueous Solution, Chlorophyta, Experimental Data, and Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Fluoride, pH, chloride, total hardness, specific conductivity and Sulfate are determined for drinking water collected from twelve important locations of Tirupati town, India during two different seasons in 1992. Regression models are... more
Fluoride, pH, chloride, total hardness, specific conductivity and Sulfate are determined for drinking water collected from twelve important locations of Tirupati town, India during two different seasons in 1992. Regression models are developed to forecast fluoride ...
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Research Interests: Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Electrochemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Nanotechnology, and 18 moreInsecticides, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Silica, Biosensor, Acetylcholinesterase, Enzyme Inhibition, Phase transition, Enzyme, Silica Gel, Thermal Stability, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Silicon Dioxide, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Optimality Condition, Electrochemical Oxidation, and Biosensing Techniques
This communication presents results pertaining to the adsorptive studies carried out on fluoride removal onto algal biosorbent (Spirogyra IO2). Batch sorption studies were performed and the results revealed that biosorbent demonstrated... more
This communication presents results pertaining to the adsorptive studies carried out on fluoride removal onto algal biosorbent (Spirogyra IO2). Batch sorption studies were performed and the results revealed that biosorbent demonstrated ability to adsorb the fluoride. Influence of varying the conditions for removal of fluoride, such as the fluoride concentration, the pH of aqueous solution, the dosage of adsorbent, the temperature on removal of fluoride, and the adsorption–desorption studies were investigated. Sorption interaction of fluoride on to algal species obeyed the pseudo first order rate equation. Experimental data showed good fit with the Langmuir's adsorption isotherm model. Fluoride sorption was found to be dependent on the aqueous phase pH and the uptake was observed to be greater at lower pH. Maximum fluoride sorption was observed at operating 30 °C operating temperature. Adsorption–desorption of fluoride into inorganic solutions and distilled water was observed and this indicated the combined effect of ion exchange and physical sorption phenomena. Significant changes in the FT-IR spectra was observed after fluoride sorption which is indicative of the participation of surface function groups associated with hydrogen atoms in the carboxylic groups in sorption interaction. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis a marginal increase in the area for the binding energy peak at 287.4 eV was observed which could be due to the formation of –C–F– bonds. Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis of the fluoride loaded sorbent showed that the biosorbent underwent three steps decomposition process when heated from 25 to 100 °C. The maximum weight loss was observed to be between 200 and 400 °C and 700 and 800 °C.
Research Interests: Engineering, Kinetics, Water Purification, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Adsorption, and 22 moreX Rays, Weight Loss, Temperature, Fluorides, Hazardous Materials, First-Order Logic, Thermogravimetry, Hazardous, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Distilled Water, Surface Properties, Spectrum analysis, Binding Energy, Functional Group, Adsorption Isotherm Models, Ion Exchange, Hydrogen Atom, X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Aqueous Solution, Chlorophyta, Experimental Data, and Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The possibility of bioelectricity generation from anaerobic chemical wastewater treatment was evaluated in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) [dual-chambered; mediator less anode; aerated cathode; plain graphite electrodes] employing selectively... more
The possibility of bioelectricity generation from anaerobic chemical wastewater treatment was evaluated in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) [dual-chambered; mediator less anode; aerated cathode; plain graphite electrodes] employing selectively enriched hydrogen producing (acidogenic) mixed culture. Performance of MFC was evaluated at two organic/substrate loading rates (OLR) (1.165 Kg COD/m3-day and 1.404 Kg COD/m3-day) in terms of bioelectricity production and wastewater treatment at ambient pressure and temperature under acidophilic microenvironment (pH 5.5) using non-coated plain graphite electrodes (mediatorless anode; air cathode). Experimental data demonstrated the feasibility of in situ bioelectricity generation along with wastewater treatment. The performance of MFC with respect to power generation and wastewater treatment was found to depend on the applied OLR. Maximum voltage of 716 mV (2.84 mA; OLR −1.165 kg COD/m3-day) and 731 mV (2.97 mA; OLR-1.404 kg COD/m3-day) was observed at stable operating conditions. Substrate degradation rate (SDR) of 0.519 Kg COD/m3-day and 0.858 Kg COD/m3-day was observed at two OLRs studied. Maximum power yield (0.73 W/Kg CODR and 0.49 W Kg/CODR) and current density (339.87 mA/m2 and 355.43 mA/m2) was observed at applied 50 Ω resistance. Fuel cell performance was evaluated employing polarization curve (100 Ω–30 KΩ), Coulombic efficiency (€cb) and cell potentials along with sustainable power yield at stable phase of fuel cell operation. Designed MFC configuration, adopted operating conditions and used parent inoculum showed positive response.
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A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) has certain advantages over conventional activated sludge processes (ASP) for the treatment of complex wastewater. The performance of a sequencing batch reactor in treating complex chemical effluents was... more
A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) has certain advantages over conventional activated sludge processes (ASP) for the treatment of complex wastewater. The performance of a sequencing batch reactor in treating complex chemical effluents was investigated with a suspended biomass configuration and operating under aerobic conditions. A total sequence of 24 h (15 min: filling phase; 23 h: reaction phase (aeration with recirculation); 30 min: setting; and 15 min: withdrawal) was employed and studied with various organic loading rates (1.0 kg COD/m3/day: 1.7 kg COD/m3/day and 3.5 kg COD/m3/day). The SBR performance was assessed by means of carbon removal and operational parameters such as pH, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), sludge volume (SV), sludge volume index (SVI), suspended solids (SS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS), which were monitored during reactor operation. The SBR showed relatively more efficient performance over conventional suspended growth systems. About 8% sulphate was removed under anoxic conditions at all the studied organic loading rates. Enhanced performance with SBR over conventional ASP may be due to enforced short term unsteady state conditions coupled with periodic exposure of the microorganisms (physiological state) to defined process conditions which facilitate the required metabolic conditions for treating complex chemical effluents.
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Biohydrogen (H2) production with simultaneous wastewater treatment was studied in anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (AnSBBR) using distillery wastewater as substrate at two operating pH values. Selectively enriched anaerobic... more
Biohydrogen (H2) production with simultaneous wastewater treatment was studied in anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (AnSBBR) using distillery wastewater as substrate at two operating pH values. Selectively enriched anaerobic mixed consortia sequentially pretreated with repeated heat-shock (100 °C; 2 h) and acid (pH -3.0-3.0; 24 h) methods, was used as parent inoculum to startup the bioreactor. The reactor was operated at ambient temperature (28±2∘C) with detention time of 24 h in periodic discontinuous batch mode. Experimental data showed the feasibility of hydrogen production along with substrate degradation with distillery wastewater as substrate. The performance of the reactor was found to be dependent on the operating pH. Adopted acidophilic microenvironment (pH 6.0) favored H2 production (H2 production rate—26 mmol H2/day; specific H2 production—6.98 mol H2/kg CODR-day) over neutral microenvironment (H2 production rate—7 mmol H2/day; specific H2 production—1.63 mol H2/kg CODR-day). However, COD removal efficiency was found to be effective in operated neutral microenvironment (pH 7—69.68%; pH 6.0—56.25%). The described process documented the dual benefit of renewable energy generation in the form of H2 with simultaneous wastewater treatment utilizing it as substrate.
Research Interests: Engineering, Renewable Energy, Wastewater Treatment, Activated Sludge, Environmental Pollution, and 14 moreBiohydrogen, Biofuel, Hydrogen Energy, Hydrogen Production, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Ambient Temperature, Bioreactors, Heat Shock, Continuous stirred tank reactor, Batch Reactor, Batch Process, Experimental Data, Sludge Treatment, and Production Rate
Research Interests: Biofilms, Horizontal Gene Transfer, Multidisciplinary, Applied, Applied Environmental Microbiology, and 9 moreIn situ monitoring of conjual transfer of TOL plsmid, Pseudomonas putida, Plasmids, Green Fluorescent Protein, Fluorescent Protein, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Host Range, Mixed Culture, and Gene Transfer
Acid azo (Acid Black 10 BX) dye removal by plant based peroxidase catalyzed reaction was investigated. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was extracted from horseradish roots and its performance was evaluated in both free and immobilized form.... more
Acid azo (Acid Black 10 BX) dye removal by plant based peroxidase catalyzed reaction was investigated. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was extracted from horseradish roots and its performance was evaluated in both free and immobilized form. HRP showed its ability to degrade the dye in aqueous phase. Studies are further carried out to understand the process parameters such as aqueous phase pH, H2O2 dose, dye and enzyme concentrations during enzyme-mediated dye degradation process. Experimental data revealed that dye (substrate) concentration, aqueous phase pH, enzyme and H2O2 dose play a significant role on the overall enzyme-mediated reaction. Acrylamide gel immobilized HRP showed effective performance compared to free HRP and alginate entrapped HRP. Alginate entrapped HRP showed inferior performance over the free enzyme due to the consequence of non-availability of the enzyme to the dye molecule due to polymeric immobilization. Standard plating studies performed with Pseudomonas putida showed enhanced degradation of HRP catalyzed dye compared to control.
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Bioelectricity generation from composite chemical wastewater treatment was evaluated in a dual chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) [anode chamber (mediatorless; perforated plain graphite electrode); cathode chamber (50 mM potassium... more
Bioelectricity generation from composite chemical wastewater treatment was evaluated in a dual chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) [anode chamber (mediatorless; perforated plain graphite electrode); cathode chamber (50 mM potassium ferricyanide [K3Fe(CN)6] in phosphate buffer; pH 7.5; plain graphite electrode)] inoculated with selectively enriched hydrogen (H2) producing mixed culture under acidophilic microenvironment (pH 5.5). Anode chamber, which resembles anaerobic suspended contact reactor was fed with wastewater and operated in absence of artificial mediator at acidic environment to proliferate H2 producing bacteria. Experimental data showed the feasibility of producing bioelectricity from wastewater treatment, though power production was found to be dependent on the substrate loading rate. Maximum voltage of 271.5 mV (5.43 mA) and 304 mV (6.08 mA) was recorded at operating organic loading rates (OLR) of 1.165 kg COD/(m3 day) and 1.404 kg COD/(m3 day), respectively when measured at 50 Ω external resistors at stable operating conditions. COD removal efficiency of 35.4% (substrate degradation rate (SDR) of 0.412 kg COD/(m3 day)) and 62.9% (SDR, 0.88 kg COD/(m3 day)) was observed at OLRs 1.165 kg COD/(m3 day) and 1.404 kg COD/(m3 day), respectively. Maximum specific power production of 0.163 W/kg CODR (1.165 kg COD/(m3 day); 50 Ω) and 0.198 W/kg CODR (1.404 kg COD/(m3 day); 100 Ω) was observed during stable phase of fuel cell operation. Current density of 747.96 mA/m2 (1.165 kg COD/(m3 day)) and 862.85 mA/m2 (1.404 kg COD/(m3 day)) was documented at 10 Ω. Utilizing chemical wastewater for the production of renewable energy (bioelectricity) from anaerobic treatment is considered as a feasible, economical and sustainable process.
Research Interests: Chemical Engineering, Renewable Energy, Biochemical Engineering, Wastewater Treatment, Industrial Biotechnology, and 11 moreFuel Cell, Potassium, Current Density, Biochemical, Anaerobic Treatment, Perforation, Operant Conditioning, Microbial Fuel Cell, Experimental Data, Organic Loading Rate, and Mixed Culture
The complex and diverse structural configurations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), combined with their low bioavailability, hydrophobic nature, strong sorption phenomena, and high persistence in soil makes the design of... more
The complex and diverse structural configurations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), combined with their low bioavailability, hydrophobic nature, strong sorption phenomena, and high persistence in soil makes the design of effective bioremediation methodologies a challenge. The multi-phasic nature of the bioremediation process, restricted mass transfer and non-availability of degrading soil microflora further compound the problem. In this direction, this communication presents a focused review of bioremediation technologies used recently for the treatment of PAH-contaminated soils. The specific roles of important factors affecting bioremediation process efficiency are discussed. Finally some of the recently used strategies to enhance bioremediation process efficiency, including bioaugmentation, biostimulation, rhizoremediation, the use of chemotaxins, the biomimetic catalytic system approach, and integrated techniques, are reviewed.
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Research Interests: Bioelectrochemistry, Water Purification, Wastewater Treatment, Electricity, Power Generation, and 12 moreOxidoreductases, Enzyme, Oxygen, Time Factors, Microbial Fuel Cell, Enzyme activity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Electrodes, Organic Loading Rate, Mixed Culture, Biochemistry and cell biology, and Power Output
Air quality in cities is the result of a complex interaction between natural and anthropogenic environmental conditions. Delhi, as well as many other cities in India, is facing problems concerning air pollution. The increase in... more
Air quality in cities is the result of a complex interaction between natural and anthropogenic environmental conditions. Delhi, as well as many other cities in India, is facing problems concerning air pollution. The increase in industrialisation and the vehicle fleet, poor ...
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This communication presents a preliminary study conducted to investigate dye (Direct Brown 2‐Diazo) colour removal using viable algae Spirogyra species. The results indicate the ability of algae Spirogyra species to remove dye colour and... more
This communication presents a preliminary study conducted to investigate dye (Direct Brown 2‐Diazo) colour removal using viable algae Spirogyra species. The results indicate the ability of algae Spirogyra species to remove dye colour and found to be dependent on the contact time and biomass. Colour removal mechanism by algae Spirogyra species may be attributed to biosorption and/or bioconversion and/or biocoagulation.
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Bioremediation of soil-bound anthracene was studied in a series of bio-slurry phase reactors operated in periodic discontinuous/sequencing batch mode under anoxic-aerobic-anoxic microenvironment using native soil microflora. Five reactors... more
Bioremediation of soil-bound anthracene was studied in a series of bio-slurry phase reactors operated in periodic discontinuous/sequencing batch mode under anoxic-aerobic-anoxic microenvironment using native soil microflora. Five reactors were operated for a total cycle period of 144 h (6 days) at soil loading rate of 16.66 kg soil/m(3)/day at 30 +/- 2 degrees C temperature. The performance of the bioreactors was studied at various substrate loading rates (volumetric substrate loading rate (SLR), 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3g anthracene/kg soil/day) with and without bioaugmentation (domestic sewage inoculum; 2 x 10(6) CFU/g of soil). Control reactor (without microflora) showed negligible degradation of anthracene due to the absence of biological activity. The performance of the bio-slurry system with respect to anthracene degradation was found to depend on both substrate loading rate and bioaugmentation. Application of bioaugmentation showed positive influence on the rate of degradation of anthracene. Anthracene degradation data was analysed using different kinetic models to understand the mechanism of bioremediation process in the bio-slurry phase system. Variation in pH/oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), soil microflora and oxygen consumption rate correlated well with the substrate degradation pattern observed during soil slurry phase anthracene degradation.
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Int. J. Environment and Pollution, Vol. 27, No. 4, 2006 ... Bio-remediation of pendimethalin contaminated soil by bio-slurry phase reactor: bio-augmenting with ETP micro-flora ... M. Rama Krishna, S. Shailaja, K. Sirisha, S. Venkata Mohan... more
Int. J. Environment and Pollution, Vol. 27, No. 4, 2006 ... Bio-remediation of pendimethalin contaminated soil by bio-slurry phase reactor: bio-augmenting with ETP micro-flora ... M. Rama Krishna, S. Shailaja, K. Sirisha, S. Venkata Mohan and PN Sarma*