Riccardo Giacconi

Riccardo Giacconi
National Medal of Science award ceremony, 2003
Born	(1931-10-06)6 October 1931 Genoa, Kingdom of Italy
Died	9 December 2018(2018-12-09) (aged 87) San Diego, California, U.S.
Nationality	Italian American
Alma mater	University of Milan
Known for	Astrophysics
Awards	Elliott Cresson Medal (1980) Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics (1981) Nobel Prize in Physics (2002)
Ọrụ sayensị
Ubi	Physics
Ụlọ ọrụ	Mahadum Johns Hopkins Chandra X-ray Observatory

Riccardo Giacconi (/dʒəˈkoʊni/ jə-KOH-nee,    ; a mụrụ ya ụbọchị isii nke ọnwa October, n' afọ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri ato na otu – ya anwụọ n' ụbọchị itoolu nke ọnwa Disemba, n' afọ puku abụọ na iri na asatọ ) bụ onye Italian-Amerikan Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist onye tọrọ ntọala nke X-ray astronomy. Ọ bụ prọfesọ na Mahadum Johns Hopkins .

Akụkọ ndụ

A mụrụ ya na Genoa, Ịtali, Giacconi natara Laurea ya na Ngalaba Physics nke Mahadum Milan tupu ọ kwaga US iji chụsoo ọrụ na nyocha nke astrophysics. N'afọ otu puku, narị itoolu na iri ise na isii, Fulbright Fellowship ya mere ka ọ gaa United States iji soro prọfesọ physics R. W. Thompson rụkọọ ọrụ na Mahadum Indiana.

Ebe ọ bụ na ikuku nke ụwa na-amịkọrọ radiation X-ray cosmic, a chọrọ telivishọn sitere na mbara igwe maka X-ray astronomy. N'itinye onwe ya na nsogbu a, Giacconi rụrụ ọrụ na ngwá ọrụ maka X-ray astronomy; site na ndị nchọpụta ụgbọ elu na ngwụcha afọ 1950 na mmalite afọ 1960, ruo Uhuru, Satellite X-ray mbụ na-agba gburugburu, na afọ 1970. Nnyocha mbụ Giacconi gara n'ihu na 1978 na Einstein Observatory, onyokomita X-ray mbụ zuru oke nke etinye na mbara igwe, ma mesịa na Chandra X-ray Observatory, nke a malitere na 1999 ma ka na-arụ ọrụ. Giacconi jikwa nka ya mee ihe na ngalaba ndị ọzọ nke nkà mmụta mbara igwe, na-aghọ onye nduzi mbụ na-adịgide adịgide (1981-1993) nke Space Telescope Science Institute (ụlọ ọrụ sayensị maka Hubble Space Telescopy), onye nduzi ukwu nke European Southern Observatory (ESO) sochiri site na 1993 ruo 1999, na-elekọta owuwu nke Very Large Telescope, mgbe ahụ Onye isi oche nke Associated Universities, Inc. (1999-2004) na-elekọta afọ ndị mbụ nke usoro ALMA.

E nyere Giacconi òkè nke Nobel Prize na Physics na 2002 "maka onyinye ọsụ ụzọ na astrophysics, nke dugara na nchọpụta nke isi mmalite X-ray cosmic". E nyere Masatoshi Koshiba na Raymond Davis, Jr. òkè ndị ọzọ nke onyinye ahụ n'afọ ahụ maka nkà mmụta mbara igwe nke neutrino.

Giacconi nwere ọkwa prọfesọ nke physics na astronomy (1982-1997) na prọfesor nyocha (site na 1998 ruo ọnwụ ya na 2018) na Mahadum Johns Hopkins, ọ bụkwa prọfesụ mahadum. N'ime afọ 2000 ọ bụ onye isi nchọpụta maka nnukwu ọrụ Chandra Deep Field-South na Chandra X-ray Observatory nke NASA. Giacconi nwụrụ na Disemba 9, 2018.

Nsọpụrụ na onyinye

• Ihe nrite Helen B. Warner maka Astronomy (1966)
• Onye otu National Academy of Sciences (1971)
• Onye otu American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1971)
• Ihe nrite Bruce (1981)
• Henry Norris Russell Ọkụziri (1981)
• Ihe nrite Heineman (1981)
• Ihe nrite ọla edo nke Royal Astronomical Society (1982)
• Ihe nrite Wolf na Physics (1987)
• Onye otu American Philosophical Society (2001)
• Ihe nrite Nobel na Physics (2002)
• Ihe nrite sayensị nke mba (2003)
• Asteroid 3371 Giacconi

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

• Rosati (25 January 2019). "Retrospective: Riccardo Giacconi (1931-2018)" (in en). Science 363 (6425). DOI:10.1126/science.aaw5309. PMID 30679362. 
• Fabbiano (22 January 2019). "Obituary: Riccardo Giacconi (1931-2018)" (in EN). Nature 565 (7740). DOI:10.1038/d41586-019-00216-8. 

Njikọ mpụga

• Riccardo Giacconi on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture December 8, 2002 The Dawn of X-Ray Astronomy