Berom people

Ndị Berom

agburu
mba/obodo	Naijiria
dị na ngalaba nhazi mpaghara	Ȯra Plateau

Berom (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-asụkwa ya dị ka Birom) bụ agbụrụ kachasị ukwuu na Steeti Plateau, etiti Naịjirịa.^[1] Na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo anọ, nke gụnyere Jos North, Jos South, Barkin Ladi (Gwol) na Riyom, a na-ahụkwa Berom na mpaghara gọọmentụ mpaghara ndịda Steeti Kaduna.

Ndị Berom na-asụ asụsụ Berom, nke sitere na alaka Plateau nke Benuezongo, otu ezinụlọ nke nnukwu ezinụlọ asụsụ Nigerzongo. Ọ nweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na asụsụ Hausa (nke sitere n'ezinụlọ Afro-Asiatic) ma ọ bụ asụsụ Afro-Asia ndị ọzọ nke Plateau State, nke bụ asụsụ Chadic.

Omenala

Ndị Berom nwere ihe nketa ọdịbendị bara ọgaranya. Ha na-eme emume Nzem Berom kwa afọ na onwa Maachị ma ọ bụ Eprel. Ememme ndị ọzọ gụnyere Nzem Tou Chun (worongchun) na Wusal Berom. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ndị Aborigine na Naijiria (Plateau State) nke kwenyere na chi ndị Juu na Ndị Kraịst (Dagwi).^[2]

Ememme

Ụfọdụ ememme Berom gụnyere:^[3]

Mandngyɛ, na March/April - emume owuwe ihe ubi
Tyǐ, n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ - emume nchịkọta ochre uhie
Badù, na March/April - emume owuwe ihe ubi
Nshok, na March/April - emume owuwe ihe ubi
Worong cun, n'ọnwa Eprel / Mee - emume ịkụ osisi, nke a na-eme mgbe ezigbo mmiri ozuzo gasịrị
Búná/Vwana, n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ - emume owuwe ihe ubi fonio
Mado, n'ọnwa Ọktoba / Nọvemba - emume ịchụ nta a na-eme maka ọganihu. Ndị Che na-esokwa na ya.
Behwol, na February/March - emume ịchụ nta a na-eme maka ọganihu. Che, Boze, Anaguta, inand Izere na-esokwa na ya.
Nzem Berom, na Machị / Eprel - otu izu emume Berom na-eme emume ọdịbendị Berom nke emere emume mbụ na afo 1981
Wusal Berom, na Nọvemba - Ememe Ndị Kraịst nke emere na afọ 1992

Ememme na omenala Berom na-emetụta ọrụ ugbo na ịchụ nta, nke bụ ihe omume ndị bụ isi na-emetụ aka na ndụ Berom na cosmology. A na-emekarị emume metụtara ọrụ ugbo gburugburu obodo dị iche iche.

Nzem Berom

Mmụba nke Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na agụmakwụkwọ ọdịda anyanwụ kwadebere ụzọ maka ọtụtụ mgbanwe mmekọrịta na ọdịbendị na omenala Berom. Mgbanwe ndị ahụ mere ka ọdịbendị bara ọgaranya nke ndị mmadụ ghara ịdị mma na-eweta nnukwu nsogbu nke nnukwu nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọdịbendị. Iji zere ihe ize ndụ nke ịhapụ omume mmekọrịta na ọdịbendị nke nna nna, na ọrụ niile dị ka Mandyeng, Nshok, Worom Chun, Vwana, ememe e mere n'otu emume a na-akpọ Nzem Berom. A na-eme Nzem Berom n'ime izu mbụ nke Eprel, iji kwekọọ n'oge emere Mandyeng, Nshok na Badu Festival. Nzem bụ oge mgbe a na-egosipụta ihe ngosi ọdịbendị dị iche iche site n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ala Berom, ọkachasị na egwu, ịgba egwu, nka na ọdịbendị.^[4]

Mandyeng

Mandyeng bụ nnukwu emume a na-eme n'ala Berom iji webata oge mmiri ozuzo. A na-emekarị ememme ndị a na Machị / Eprel. N'oge gara aga, ndị Berom na-ele Mandyeng / Nshok (ha yiri nnọọ) anya dị ka ememme kachasị mkpa nke mere ka oge ọrụ ugbo na ịchụ nta na owuwe ihe ubi dị mma. Ọ bụghị obodo Berom niile na-eme emume Mandyeng na Nshok. Ndị na-eme 'Mandyeng' na-ekwu na ha sitere na Riyom, ha gụnyere; Vwang, Kuru, Zawan, Gyel, Rim, Bachit, Bangai, Lwa, Sop, Jol, Wereng Kwi, Gwo, Kakuruk, Kuzeng, Kurak, Kuchin, Rahos na Tahoss. Nshok: Nshok dịtụ iche na Mandiyeng n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ na-ejikọkwa ịchụ nta na ọrụ ugbo n'oge mmiri ozuzo. A na-emekwa ya otu ugboro n'afọ n'oge ọnwa Eprel na Mee, iji webata oge ọhụrụ dịka Mandyeng.

Aha

N'oge tupu ọchịchị ndị Berom, ịchụ nta weere dị ka ọrụ na egwuregwu. Ọ bụ ezie na n'ụzọ akụ na ụba ọ bụghị ihe dị mkpa dị ka ọrụ ugbo, a na-ewere ịchụ nta dị ka ngosipụta nke nkà na obi ike.^[5] Nke ukwuu, nke na ọtụtụ aha Berom sitere na anụmanụ egwuregwu, nke kachasị mkpa duiker [citation needed], n'ihi ịma mma ha. Aha ndị dị ka Gyang, Pam, Dung, Davou, Chuwang, Badung wdg maka ụmụ nwoke bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, ebe ụmụ agbọghọ na-aza Kaneng, Lyop, Chundung, Nvou, Kangyang. Ndị a bụ aha maka ụdị dị iche iche nke duiker. [citation needed] Ndị ọzọ, dị ka Bot (frog) Tok (fish), Tsok (toad) wdg. bụ aha maka anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ndị a zụlitere, mana ọ bụghị egwuregwu.^[6] Aha ndị a na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya etu egwuregwu dị mkpa n'etiti ndị Berom tupu ọchịchị.

Nshok abụghị naanị emume ịchụ nta n'ala Berom. Ememme ndị dị ka Mado na Behwol dị ma ha adịghị mkpa dị ka Nshok.^[7]^[8]

Egwú

Ụfọdụ n'ime ngwá egwú n'etiti Berom gụnyere:

Yom Nshi: banjo nwere eriri abụọ nke e ji calabash na akpụkpọ mee dị ka resonator
Yom: ngwá egwú a na-akpọ ụdọ
Kwag ma ọ bụ Gwashak: ihe na-akpụ akpụ nke e ji cactus kpọrọ nkụ mee ka a na-eji osisi na-agbanye n'ahụ a kụrụ akụ nke cactus kpọrọ kpọrọ nkụ iji mepụta ụda na-akpị akpụ
Kundung: xylophone nke e ji mpi ehi na cobwebs mee (ihe oyiyi).

Ngwá egwu Berom edepụtara na Blench (2021):^[9]

Asụsụ ndị ọzọ
- Xylophone (kundung ma ọ bụ yom bi tok)
- Ụgbọ mmiri na-eme mkpọtụ
- Rattles nke nkwonkwo ụkwụ, nke e ji akwụkwọ Borassus aethiopum mee
- Scraper, guiro (gwák ma ọ bụ gwàshák) nke e ji Euphorbia kamerunica (yěp) mee
Ndị na-asụ Memba
- Barrel-drum (biŋ)
- Gourd-drum, bing shi
- Conical drum (rwey biŋ ma ọ bụ bing gwom) echekwara maka ndị eze
- Drum Hourglass (kalangu)
Chordophones
- Raft-zither (yom kwo)
- Harp (yom waya)
- Ugboro ole na ole (yom shi)
Ụgbọelu
- Ụgbọelu
  - Ju, otu ụdaolu na-afụ ụfụ
  - Ju shelo, mkpịsị aka na-afụ ụfụfụ
  - Ọjà a na-amaghị ama
- Mpi na opi
  - Ogwe ntụrụndụ gafere, ogwe ntụrụ
  - Mpi a na-afụ ụfụ
  - Ọfụma a na-afụ opi

Ngwá egwu berom edepụtara na Blench (2021):

Shang, ihe ịchọ mma eriri buttock
Gadus ma ọ bụ gawat, ntutu isi
Bong, okpu ịgba egwú
Akpụkpọ ụkwụ ịgba egwú

Ịchịkwa

Berom nwere onye ọchịchị kachasị elu a na-akpọ Gbong Gwom Jos.^[10] Ọ bụ ndị ọchịchị Britain na-achị Northern Nigeria mepụtara oche ọdịnala ahụ n'afọ 1935.^[11] Northern Nigeria nwere asụsụ na ọdịbendị dị iche iche n'etiti agbụrụ ndị dị na Plateau na ndị ọzọ. Enweghị ihe ọmụma a banyere ọdịiche agbụrụ na mbụ gbara ume ka e guzobe ndị isi ndị Hausa na-achị achị iji lekọta ikike Jos Native Authority, nke gosipụtara ọgba aghara na Berom n'ihi echiche na ọdịmma na-emegiderịta onwe ha.^[12]

Site na okirikiri; No. 24p/1916[JOS PROF NAK 473/1916], nke e dere n'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1917, e nyere onye bi na mpaghara Bauchi Province ntụziaka ka o zipụ ndị nwere ike isi site n'aka ndị isi obodo dị iche iche gụnyere ndị isi distrikti na ndị isi obodo ka Gọvanọ General bulie ha dị ka ndị isi. N'ịzaghachi ozi ahụ, onye bi na ya degaara odeakwụkwọ Northern Province Kaduna akwụkwọ ozi site na akwụkwọ ozi No. 24/1916 [JOSPROF NAK 473/1916] nke e dere na 27 Ọktoba 1917, tụrụ aro ka onye ọchịchị dị elu lekọta mpaghara ndị a mụrụ. [citation needed]

N'oge tupu ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, e kewara ndị Berom n'ime òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-achị onwe ha dabere na mpaghara, mana ikike ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị jikọtara ha n'okpuru Gbong Gwom na afọ 1952 iji nyere aka ịhazi ọrụ nke ụmụ amaala.^[13]

Ndị ndu

Onye isi mbụ Dachung Gyang ghọrọ onye ndu site na 1935 ruo 1941.^[14] N'okpuru Dachung Gyang, a họpụtara ụlọ ọrụ ọdịnala dị ka Kansụl Tribal Berom nke ndị isi obodo mejupụtara n'ime Jos Native Authority.^[15] Ikike ya mgbe ahụ gụnyere naanị ndị Berom ma wepụ ndị isi Buji, Naraguta, Jos na Bukuru. Otú ọ dị, gọọmentị, na Gazette nke 7 Febụwarị, na afọ 1918, gbanwere ndepụta ahụ iji tinye Buji, Naraguta, Jos na Bukuru. [citation needed]

Mpụta nke Da Rwang Pam (1947 ruo ọnwụ ya na 14 Julaị, na afọ 1969) hụrụ ebuli elu nke isi nke Kansụl Agbụrụ gaa n'oche nke Gbong Gwom Jos.^[16]^[17]^[18]

Kemgbe afọ 1969, ndị na-esonụ na-ejide oche ahụ:

Da. Dr. Fom Bot, 19 August, na afọ 1969 ruo ọnwụ ya na 1 Desemba, na afọ 2002^[16]^[19]
Da Victor Dung Pam, 17 Eprel, na afọ 2004 ruo 7 Machị, na afọ 2009^[20]^[21]
Da Jacob Gyang Buba, 1 Eprel, na afọ 2009 ruo ugbu a^[22]

Gọvanọ gara aga nke Plateau State (2007-2015), Jonah David Jang, sitere na Berom.

Ndị ama ama

John Dungs†, onye agha, onye mmepụta ihe, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye bụbu onye nchịkwa agha nke Delta State
Sambo Daju†, physicist, onye nkuzi na onye ọrụ gọọmentị. Onye bụbu Kọmishọna nke Mmụta; Ala na Nnyocha Benue Plateau State^[23]
D. B. Zang†, onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na-arụ ọrụ.^[24]
Jonah Jang, onye agha na onye ọchịchị, onye bụbu Gọvanọ nke Plateau State
Philip Davou Dung Bishọp Katọlik nke Shendam Diocese, nhọpụta 5 Nọvemba 2016.^[25]
Michael Botmang, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye bụbu Gọvanọ nke Plateau State
Davou Zang, Senator nke Federal Republic of Nigeria na 4th National Assembly
John Wash Pam† Senator nke Federal Republic of Nigeria na onye bụbu osote onye isi oche Senate na 2nd National Assembly
James Vwi, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye otu House of Representatives nke Nigeria na 3rd National Assembly
Gyang Dalyop Datong†, Senator nke Federal Republic of Nigeria na 6th na 7th National Assemblies
Gyang Pwajok†, Senator nke Federal Republic of Nigeria na 7th National Assembly
Gabriel Bwan Fom† Onye otu House of Representatives nke Nigeria na 4th na 5th National Assemblies
Lamba Gwom†, Minista Federal nke Transport na ụlọ ọrụ onye isi ala Ibrahim Babangida
Istifanus Gyang, Senator nke Federal Republic of Nigeria na 9th National Assembly
Edward Pwajok, onye ọka iwu na onye otu House of Representatives nke Naịjirịa na 8th National Assembly
Dachung Bagos, Onye otu House of Representatives nke Nigeria na 9th National Assembly
Kachollom Daju, Onye odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment
Sambo Choji, onye bọọlụ
Chris Giwa, onye bọọlụ na onye nwe Giwa F.C.
Jeremiah Gyang onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ
Kenneth Gyang, onye na-ese ihe nkiri
Kevin Chuwang, Big Brother Africa Onye mmeri nke oge 4

Ihe odide

↑ Idrees (2002). Studies in the History of Central Nigeria Area (in en). CSS Limited, 663. ISBN 9789782951588.
↑ Nzem Berom Cultural Festival | MTN Events. Archived from the original on 2021-06-18. Retrieved on 2022-09-23.
↑ Blench, Roger. 2021.
↑ Nzem Berom Cultural festival on the Plateau (16 December 2018).
↑ Nyam (2005). Berom socio-cultural festivals and ceremonies: from the pre-colonial times to date (in en). BH Publication, 18. ISBN 9789783318335.
↑ Nyam (2005). Berom socio-cultural festivals and ceremonies: from the pre-colonial times to date (in en). BH Publication, 64. ISBN 9789783318335.
↑ Nyam (2005). Berom socio-cultural festivals and ceremonies: from the pre-colonial times to date (in en). BH Publication, vii. ISBN 9789783318335.
↑ Nyam (2005). Berom Socio-cultural Festivals and Ceremonies: From the Pre-colonial Times to Date. ISBN 9789783318335.
↑ Blench, Roger. 2021.
↑ (2004) Nigeria: An Exhibition of Nigerian Royal Regalia, and Selection of Photographs, Arts and Crafts (in en). Federal Ministry of Information & National Orientation Nigeria.
↑ Nyam (2005). Berom socio-cultural festivals and ceremonies: from the pre-colonial times to date (in en). BH Publication, 121. ISBN 9789783318335.
↑ Dudley (2013-11-05). Parties and Politics in Northern Nigeria (in en). Routledge, 92. ISBN 9781136961823.
↑ Ochonu (2014-02-14). Colonialism by Proxy: Hausa Imperial Agents and Middle Belt Consciousness in Nigeria (in en). Indiana University Press, 181. ISBN 9780253011657.
↑ (2004) Nigeria: An Exhibition of Nigerian Royal Regalia, and Selection of Photographs, Arts and Crafts (in en). Federal Ministry of Information & National Orientation Nigeria.
↑ Nyam (2004). An Evaluation of the Gbong Gwom Institution from 1935-2004 (in en). BH Publication, 13.
↑ ^16.0 ^16.1 Molemodile (2000). Nigerianness: A general perspective (in en). Vougasen, 15. ISBN 9789783489387.
↑ Best (2007). Conflict and peace building in Plateau State, Nigeria (in en). Spectrum Books Limited, 27. ISBN 9789780298036.
↑ Molemodile (2000). Nigerianness: A general perspective (in en). Vougasen, 15. ISBN 9789783489387.
↑ Nyam (2005). Berom socio-cultural festivals and ceremonies: from the pre-colonial times to date (in en). BH Publication, 122. ISBN 9789783318335.
↑ Nigeria) (2004). Recrudescent civil disturbances and human rights: the Jos and state-wide crises (in en). League for Human Rights, 66.
↑ (2009) Tell (in en). Tell Communications Limited, 18.
↑ Bergstresser (2017). A Decade of Nigeria: Politics, Economy and Society 2004-2016 (in en). BRILL, 132. ISBN 9789004347410.
↑ DAJU, Dr. Sambo (8 February 2017).
↑ Da D.B. Zang - (1927-2008) (4 March 2021).
↑ Shendam (Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy].

[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Berom Digest. Jos: Berom Historical Publications

Njikọ mpụga

Roger Blench, Berom Images

[1] Idrees (2002). Studies in the History of Central Nigeria Area (in en). CSS Limited, 663. ISBN 9789782951588.

[2] Nzem Berom Cultural Festival | MTN Events. Archived from the original on 2021-06-18. Retrieved on 2022-09-23.

[3] Blench, Roger. 2021.

[4] Nzem Berom Cultural festival on the Plateau (16 December 2018).

[5] Nyam (2005). Berom socio-cultural festivals and ceremonies: from the pre-colonial times to date (in en). BH Publication, 18. ISBN 9789783318335.

[6] Nyam (2005). Berom socio-cultural festivals and ceremonies: from the pre-colonial times to date (in en). BH Publication, 64. ISBN 9789783318335.

[7] Nyam (2005). Berom socio-cultural festivals and ceremonies: from the pre-colonial times to date (in en). BH Publication, vii. ISBN 9789783318335.

[8] Nyam (2005). Berom Socio-cultural Festivals and Ceremonies: From the Pre-colonial Times to Date. ISBN 9789783318335.

[9] Blench, Roger. 2021.

[10] (2004) Nigeria: An Exhibition of Nigerian Royal Regalia, and Selection of Photographs, Arts and Crafts (in en). Federal Ministry of Information & National Orientation Nigeria.

[11] Nyam (2005). Berom socio-cultural festivals and ceremonies: from the pre-colonial times to date (in en). BH Publication, 121. ISBN 9789783318335.

[12] Dudley (2013-11-05). Parties and Politics in Northern Nigeria (in en). Routledge, 92. ISBN 9781136961823.

[13] Ochonu (2014-02-14). Colonialism by Proxy: Hausa Imperial Agents and Middle Belt Consciousness in Nigeria (in en). Indiana University Press, 181. ISBN 9780253011657.

[14] (2004) Nigeria: An Exhibition of Nigerian Royal Regalia, and Selection of Photographs, Arts and Crafts (in en). Federal Ministry of Information & National Orientation Nigeria.

[15] Nyam (2004). An Evaluation of the Gbong Gwom Institution from 1935-2004 (in en). BH Publication, 13.

[:0-16] 16.0 ^16.1 Molemodile (2000). Nigerianness: A general perspective (in en). Vougasen, 15. ISBN 9789783489387.

[17] Best (2007). Conflict and peace building in Plateau State, Nigeria (in en). Spectrum Books Limited, 27. ISBN 9789780298036.

[18] Molemodile (2000). Nigerianness: A general perspective (in en). Vougasen, 15. ISBN 9789783489387.

[19] Nyam (2005). Berom socio-cultural festivals and ceremonies: from the pre-colonial times to date (in en). BH Publication, 122. ISBN 9789783318335.

[20] Nigeria) (2004). Recrudescent civil disturbances and human rights: the Jos and state-wide crises (in en). League for Human Rights, 66.

[21] (2009) Tell (in en). Tell Communications Limited, 18.

[22] Bergstresser (2017). A Decade of Nigeria: Politics, Economy and Society 2004-2016 (in en). BRILL, 132. ISBN 9789004347410.

[23] DAJU, Dr. Sambo (8 February 2017).

[24] Da D.B. Zang - (1927-2008) (4 March 2021).

[25] Shendam (Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy].

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