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Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Punjabi

 Seri Bantuan
Selamat datang! Halaman ini memberikan bantuan mengenai hal yang sering ditanyakan di Wikipedia. Untuk memulai, silakan mengeklik pranala yang Anda butuhkan di bawah ini, atau gunakan fitur pencari yang tersedia.

Daftar di bawah menunjukkan cara (baik dalam aksara Gurmukhi dan Shahmukhi) di mana International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) mewakili pengucapan Punjabi dalam artikel-artikel Wikipedia.

Konsonan
IPA Gurmukhi Shahmukhi Padanan bahasa Inggris
b ب abash
p˦ بھ Tonal p
[1] د ado
˦ [1] دھ Tonal t̪
ɖ [1] ڈ guard
ʈ˦ [1] ڈھ Tonal ʈ
ج hedge
˦ جھ Tonal tʒ
f ਫ਼ ف food
ɡ گ agate
˦ گھ Tonal gʰ
ɦ ہ ahead
j ي yak
k ک scan
kʰ کھ can
l ل leaf
m م much
n ن not
ɳ - burner
ŋ - bank
p پ span
pʰ پھ pan
(sering diucapkan [f] dalam Punjabi)
q ਕ਼ ق a k dalam tenggorokan
(Shamukhi; diucapkan [k] dalam Gurmukhi)
ɾ ر US: better
ɽ ڑ US: larder
ɽʱ ੜ੍ਹ ڑھ as [ɽ] plus h
s س sue
ʃ ਸ਼ ش shoe
[1] ت stable
ʰ [1] تھ table
ʈ [1] ٹ art
ʈʰ [1] ٹھ art-historian
چ catch
ʰ چھ choose
ʋ[2] و bervariasi antara w dan v
x ਖ਼ خ Bach
(Shahmukhi; biasanya [kʰ] dalam Gurmukhi)
ɣ ਗ਼ غ seperti bahasa Perancis r
(Shahmukhi; biasanya [ɡ] dalam Gurmukhi). Dekat dengan flap uvular.
z ਜ਼ ز zen
Vokal
IPA Gurmukhi Shahmukhi Padanan bahasa Inggris
ɑː ਆ, ਪਾ آ, ـا bra
ਏ, ਪੇ ے antara yell dan Yale
ɛː ਐ, ਪੈ yell
ə ਅ, ਪ ـَ nut
[3] ਈ, ਪੀ ی feet
ɪ [3] ਇ, ਪਿ ـِ dill
ਓ, ਪੋ و old
ɔː ਔ, ਪੌ law
[3] ਊ, ਪੂ loot
ʊ [3] ਉ, ਪੁ ـُ look
 ̃ ں vokal sengau
([ãː], [õː], dcb.)


Suprasegmental
IPA
ˈ tekanan
(Ditempatkan sebelum penekanan suku kata)
ː konsonan ganda

Catatan

sunting
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h To an English ear, [t̪ t̪ʰ ʈ ʈʰ] all sound like /t/, and [d̪ ɖ ] all sound like /d/. However, to a Punjabi speaker's ear these are very different sounds. [t̪ d̪] are like Spanish or French [t d], with the tongue touching the teeth, and [t̪ʰ d̪] are how a Punjabi speaker hears English ð/ (the th sounds). Punjabi ɖ] are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and [ʈʰ ɖ] are how a Punjabi speaker hears English t d; [ʈ] is how they hear English t after s.
  2. ^ [v], [w] and intermediate [ʋ] are allophonic in Punjabi. Some words, such as vart ('ਵਰਤ', fast), are pronounced with [v] and others, such as pakwan ('ਪਕਵਾਨ', food dish), are pronounced with [w].
  3. ^ a b c d /iː, ɪ/ and /uː, ʊ/ are neutralized to [i, u] at the end of a word.