- Elverum, Norway
- VID Specialized University, Faculty of Health Studies, Faculty Memberadd
- Professor of mental health in Elverum, Norway, and Professor of occupational therapy in Stavanger, Norway. Occupatio... moreProfessor of mental health in Elverum, Norway, and Professor of occupational therapy in Stavanger, Norway. Occupational therapist with long experience from mental health practice. Skilled in clinical and educational research, in particular with the use of quantitative research methods.edit
This study aimed to gain knowledge about the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between learning concepts and approaches to studying among occupational therapy students. A repeated cross-sectional design was combined with a... more
This study aimed to gain knowledge about the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between learning concepts and approaches to studying among occupational therapy students. A repeated cross-sectional design was combined with a longitudinal study design. Self-report questionnaires assessed sociodemographic variables, learning concepts, and approaches to studying (deep/strategic/surface). Linear regression analyses (n ranging between 109 and 193 in the analyses) showed that higher transforming concept ratings were consistently associated with higher ratings on the deep study approach, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Higher reproducing concept ratings were positively associated with higher strategic approach ratings in the second and third study years. In view of the results, students' understanding of what learning is impacts on their study attitudes and behaviors, which in turn is likely to influence learning outcomes and academic performance.
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BACKGROUND The use of virtual reality in higher education show great potential to promote novel and innovative learning experiences. Until recently, virtual reality has mostly been used in technical higher education, but lately medical... more
BACKGROUND The use of virtual reality in higher education show great potential to promote novel and innovative learning experiences. Until recently, virtual reality has mostly been used in technical higher education, but lately medical education programs have begun using virtual reality. Virtual reality for health professional education improves the knowledge and skills of health professionals compared with traditional or other digital education initiatives. However, the implementation of technology in higher education is slow because of barriers to technology use and innovative and successful practices are not shared. It is, therefore, of great interest to explore how virtual reality is implemented in higher health professional and continuing education. OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review is to identify studies that reported implementation of virtual reality in higher health professional education, to identify barriers and facilitators for implementation, and to highlight research gaps in this area. METHODS The scoping review will be conducted according to JBI Evidence Synthesis methodologies. CINAHL, the Academic Search Elite and Education Source electronic databases, and Google Scholar will be searched for studies published between 2017 and 2022. In addition, manual searching of key items, reference tracking, and citation tracking will be performed. Searches for white papers will also be manually conducted. All authors will independently extract data from full-text papers. We will use qualitative content analysis to abstract the findings. RESULTS The literature searches were conducted in January and February 2022. The review is expected to be completed by fall 2022, after which time it will be submitted for publication. CONCLUSIONS We anticipate that, from the review, we will be able to coordinate recommendations for and present the challenges of virtual reality initiatives in health professional education programs. We will present recommendations for future research. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/37222
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Background Climate change has a great impact on the future of children and young people. Since the global climate strike movement, many adolescents expressed worries about climate change. But do these worries lead to declined mental... more
Background Climate change has a great impact on the future of children and young people. Since the global climate strike movement, many adolescents expressed worries about climate change. But do these worries lead to declined mental health and future optimism? Thus, we aim to explore associations between prevalence of worries about climate change, leisure activities and mental health problems in a representative sample of Norwegian adolescents. Methods In 2021, the youth survey Ungdata collected data from 139,841 Norwegian adolescents, which corresponds to a response rate of 75%. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate the prevalence of worries about climate change cannabis use and bi- and multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the association between worries about climate change and mental health, leisure activities and alcohol and cannabis use, controlled for sociodemographics. Results Around 37% of Norwegian adolescents are worried about climate change. Worries i...
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Background: Sexual harassment is common in most countries and cultures. Less is known about sexual harassment, its risk factors, and psychosocial outcomes among young adolescents. The aim of the study was to examine the 12-month... more
Background: Sexual harassment is common in most countries and cultures. Less is known about sexual harassment, its risk factors, and psychosocial outcomes among young adolescents. The aim of the study was to examine the 12-month prevalence of sexual harassment exposure, and sociodemographic and psychosocial factors associated with exposure among junior high school students in Norway. Methods: A comprehensive cross-sectional study was completed by 83,297 Norwegian adolescents in junior high school in 2021. Data on exposure to sexual harassment were used in combination with sociodemographic measures and psychosocial outcomes: depressive symptoms, loneliness, self-esteem, and well-being. Group differences were analyzed with Chi Square tests, and sociodemographic risk factors were analyzed with logistic regression. Psychosocial outcomes were assessed with multivariate and univariate ANOVAs, and dose-response relationships were assessed with linear regression. Results: Among the adolescents, 32.6% had experienced sexual harassment during the past year. Girls had higher odds of exposure (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.84-1.96), whereas adolescents whose parents had higher education had lower odds (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90-0.99). Exposure was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms (partial η 2 [ES] = 0.11) and loneliness (ES = 0.07), and with lower self-esteem (ES = 0.06) and well-being (ES = 0.06). Among exposed adolescents, more frequent exposure was associated with poorer outcomes. Conclusion: Exposure to sexual harassment affects one third of junior high school students in Norway. Those who are exposed have poorer psychosocial outcomes, and there is a dose-response relationship between exposure and outcomes. Awareness of sexual harassment among young adolescents, and interventions to prevent and reduce it, are needed.
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Background Research has shown increased mental health problems and use of prescription drugs among adolescents in recent years and social media use has been linked to poorer mental health. However, trend studies concerning these topics... more
Background Research has shown increased mental health problems and use of prescription drugs among adolescents in recent years and social media use has been linked to poorer mental health. However, trend studies concerning these topics are scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze gender-specific trends in a) symptoms of depression and loneliness, and b) prescription of antidepressants, hypnotics and sedatives, in relation to the emergence of social media among adolescents in Norway. Methods This is an ecological study using data from the ‘Young in Oslo’ surveys from 1996 to 2021. The surveys included approximately 110 000 students, 14–17 years of age, and yielded a response rate varying from 95% in 1996 to 64% in 2021. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect information on symptoms of depression and loneliness. Information on antidepressant and sleep medication prescription was retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database for the age group 15 to 19 years. A graphical approach and logistic regression models were used to examine gender-specific time-trends between 1996 to 2021. Results We found a doubling in self-reported symptoms of depression and loneliness among girls between 1996 and 2021, with the steepest increase in the period from 2006 to 2012, when Facebook and other social media were introduced. A similar trend was observed in the prescription of antidepressants among girls, with the steepest increase between 2011 and 2013. Among both boys and girls, ‘worried too much about things’ and ‘had sleep problems’ were the two symptoms with the greatest changes. Conclusion A significant upward trend in self-reported depressive symptoms and medication use was observed over the past 25 years, with variations in the rate of increase, including a steeper trajectory during certain periods immediately after the introduction of social media platforms in Norway.
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Research Interests: Psychology and Norwegian
The data are based on a longitudinal study of occupational therapy students in Norway. Students were invited to respond to a survey in each of the three study years. This study analysed predictors of consistent study participation; that... more
The data are based on a longitudinal study of occupational therapy students in Norway. Students were invited to respond to a survey in each of the three study years. This study analysed predictors of consistent study participation; that is, responding to the survey in each of the study years. The data allows for replicating the study results. Study abstract: Background: Longitudinal research is one effective way to gauge changes in a student cohort over time, however attrition in these studies is typically high, which can result in study bias. This study explored learning environment factors, approaches to studying, and academic performance as predictors of occupational therapy students' consistent participation in data collection conducted over three years of their professional program. Method: A longitudinal study of Norwegian occupational therapy students (analyzed n = 240) was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore occupational therapy students' perceptions of the learning environment, their approaches to studying, and exam grades as they related to the likelihood of consistent participation at three annual surveys. Results: Annual response rates varied between 55.1 %, and 65.6 %, and consistent participation was observed among 49.2 %. The fully adjusted regression models showed that higher strategic approach scores increased the odds of consistent participation (adjusted OR: 1.04, p 0.01), whereas higher surface approach scores decreased the odds of consistent participation (adjusted OR: 0.95, p 0.05). Neither sociodemographic factors, learning environment factors nor academic performance predicted participation over time. Conclusions: Researchers can anticipate relatively high levels of attrition in longitudinal studies of occupational therapy students, but attrition seems to be largely proportional between groups. However, completers in longitudinal studies may be somewhat more well-organized and academically oriented than drop-outs.
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Abstract Background One approach to promote students’ use of research in future practice involves integrating students’ research use in supervision during practice placements. Studies examining this aspect of supervision in practice... more
Abstract Background One approach to promote students’ use of research in future practice involves integrating students’ research use in supervision during practice placements. Studies examining this aspect of supervision in practice placements are lacking. Aim To explore how practice educators perceive and emphasise research in their supervision of occupational therapy students during practice placements. Materials and methods A qualitative study was conducted. A purposive sample was recruited, consisting of participants from community-based health services and hospitals in Norway. We conducted three focus groups and one individual interview with occupational therapists (n = 9). The qualitative data analysis was based on interpretive description. Results We identified four themes: ‘emphasis on research in supervision of students’; ‘practice educators’ research competence and awareness of research’; ‘institutionalisation of research use in everyday practice’; and ‘communication and cooperation between education and practice regarding research’. Despite highlighting several benefits of research use, the practice educators focused rarely on students’ research use in practice placements. Conclusions and significance: Cooperation between practice educators and faculty members regarding students’ training in research use seems essential. Practice educators may need additional training in how research should be emphasised in supervision.
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Background Due to the nature of fatigue, a brief reliable measure of fatigue severity is needed. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate a short version of the Lee Fatigue Scale (LFS) in the Norwegian general population. Methods This... more
Background Due to the nature of fatigue, a brief reliable measure of fatigue severity is needed. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate a short version of the Lee Fatigue Scale (LFS) in the Norwegian general population. Methods This cross-sectional survey consists of a representative sample from the Norwegian population drawn by The National Population Register in Norway. The study is part of a larger study (NORPOP) aimed at collecting normative data from several questionnaires focused on health in adults living in Norway. Registered citizens between 18 and 94 years of age were randomly selected stratified by age, sex and geographic region. Of the 4971 respondents eligible for the study, 1792 (36%) responded to the survey. In addition to age and sex, we collected responses on a 5-item version of the LFS measuring current fatige severity. The psychometric properties focusing on internal structure and precision of the LFS items were analyzed by a Rasch rating scale model. Results ...
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Background The use of virtual reality in higher education show great potential to promote novel and innovative learning experiences. Until recently, virtual reality has mostly been used in technical higher education, but lately medical... more
Background The use of virtual reality in higher education show great potential to promote novel and innovative learning experiences. Until recently, virtual reality has mostly been used in technical higher education, but lately medical education programs have begun using virtual reality. Virtual reality for health professional education improves the knowledge and skills of health professionals compared with traditional or other digital education initiatives. However, the implementation of technology in higher education is slow because of barriers to technology use and innovative and successful practices are not shared. It is, therefore, of great interest to explore how virtual reality is implemented in higher health professional and continuing education. Objective The aim of this scoping review is to identify studies that reported implementation of virtual reality in higher health professional education, to identify barriers and facilitators for implementation, and to highlight research gaps in this area. Methods The scoping review will be conducted according to JBI Evidence Synthesis methodologies. CINAHL, the Academic Search Elite and Education Source electronic databases, and Google Scholar will be searched for studies published between 2017 and 2022. In addition, manual searching of key items, reference tracking, and citation tracking will be performed. Searches for white papers will also be manually conducted. All authors will independently extract data from full-text papers. We will use qualitative content analysis to abstract the findings. Results The literature searches were conducted in January and February 2022. The review is expected to be completed by fall 2022, after which time it will be submitted for publication. Conclusions We anticipate that, from the review, we will be able to coordinate recommendations for and present the challenges of virtual reality initiatives in health professional education programs. We will present recommendations for future research. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/37222
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Objectives: This study aimed to examine the levels of trust in information provided by public authorities 2 years after the COVID-19 outbreak and to examine factors associated with trust.Methods: Using a cross-national approach, online... more
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the levels of trust in information provided by public authorities 2 years after the COVID-19 outbreak and to examine factors associated with trust.Methods: Using a cross-national approach, online survey data was collected from four Western countries—Australia, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Differences in reports of very low or low levels of trust were examined by age, gender, area of residence, and the highest level of education in the four countries.Results: Levels of trust in the public authorities’ information were highest among Norwegian respondents and lowest among U.K. respondents. Lower levels of trust in public authorities were found among males, individuals living in rural or remote areas, and those with lower levels of education.Conclusion: The outcomes contribute to knowledge regarding differences between socio-demographic groups and countries regarding the levels of trust people have in public author...
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Background A strong association between sexual abuse and adverse health outcomes has been reported among adolescents. The present study aimed to provide more information about adverse health outcomes associated with sexual abuse and... more
Background A strong association between sexual abuse and adverse health outcomes has been reported among adolescents. The present study aimed to provide more information about adverse health outcomes associated with sexual abuse and substance use, and to examine the use of youth health services among Norwegian adolescents. Methods National representative cross-sectional study among 16–19-year-old Norwegian adolescents (n = 9784). Multivariable regression analyses, adjusted for socioeconomic status and age, were used to examine the association between exposure to sexual abuse, substance use and health risk factors, and the use of youth health services. Results Adolescents exposed to sexual abuse had higher odds of depressive symptoms (males: OR:3.8; 95% CI:2.5–5.8, females: 2.9;2.4–3.5), daily headache (males: 5.3;2.8–10.1, females:1.9; 1.5–2.4), high medication use (males: 3.2;1.7-6.0, females: 2.0;1.6–2.6), self-harm (males: 3.8;2.4-6.0, females:3.2; 2.6–3.9), suicidal thoughts (ma...
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Aim The aim of the present study was to examine quality of life and its associated factors among adults with visual impairment in Norway. Subject and methods Of the 1216 adults contacted, 736 (61% response rate) participated in a... more
Aim The aim of the present study was to examine quality of life and its associated factors among adults with visual impairment in Norway. Subject and methods Of the 1216 adults contacted, 736 (61% response rate) participated in a cross-sectional survey. A general population probability sample served as reference (n=1792, 36% response rate). Differences between the populations were examined with independent t-tests for continuous variables and with Chi-square tests for categorical variables. Quality of life covariates were investigated with linear regression analysis. Results People with visual impairment had lower quality of life than the general Norwegian population, across all age groups (mean QOL: 6.8 versus 7.6, p<0.001) and within all age groups (all p<0.01). Compared with the general population, people with visual impairment were less likely to report the highest levels and more likely to report intermediate levels of quality of life. Higher quality of life was associate...
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Background Due to their stage of life and the daily stressors they encounter, students are particularly susceptible to both behavioral and psychological issues. Our study was designed with two objectives in mind: (1) to explore the... more
Background Due to their stage of life and the daily stressors they encounter, students are particularly susceptible to both behavioral and psychological issues. Our study was designed with two objectives in mind: (1) to explore the potential mitigating effect of physical activity on the relationship between nomophobia and distress in students; and (2) to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-12). Methods A cross-sectional analysis was undertaken with a sample of Tunisian students who regularly use smartphones (N = 533, 64.6% female, mean age 25.03 ± 6.55 years). Results The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses pointed to the DASS-12 as a secondary 3-factor scale. The internal consistency of the scale, as measured by Cronbach’s alphas, was 0.98 for stress, 0.90 for anxiety, and 0.84 for depression. The results of the measurement model supported the suitability and reliability of all the DASS-12 items in...
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BackgroundTo date, there has been very limited experimental research on the impact of Yoga on older adults’ mental health during the COVID-19 crisis. We aimed to explore the effect of a web-based Hatha yoga program on psychological and... more
BackgroundTo date, there has been very limited experimental research on the impact of Yoga on older adults’ mental health during the COVID-19 crisis. We aimed to explore the effect of a web-based Hatha yoga program on psychological and quality of sleep in older adults who self-isolated at home during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsTwo hundred volunteers of both sexes were split into experimental (Yoga group, YG) and control (Control group, CG) groups, in a web-based randomized controlled study. All participants were administered the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); at baseline and following an eight-week online Hatha yoga intervention.ResultsThe YG showed significant reductions in depression (−56.1%; Z = 5.67, p < 0.01, r = 0.70) anxiety (−64.3%; Z = 5.27, p < 0.01, r = 0.65) and stress (−68.2%; Z = 5.86, r = 0.73) scores, while the CG showed a significant increase in depression. In addition, the total PSQI score of the YG was considerably lower during follow-up (3.38 ± 2.02, p < 0.05) than at baseline (4.8 ± 32, p < 0.05), which indicates an improvement of the quality of sleep. The proportion of individuals experiencing good sleep from the YG increased from 63% to 85% after the Hatha yoga intervention.ConclusionThe use of a web-based Hatha Yoga intervention program was associated with a beneficial effect on the mental health and quality of sleep in older adults.
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Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in January 2020 the need for rapid information spread grew and social media became the ultimate platform for information exchange as well as a tool for connection and entertainment. With the... more
Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in January 2020 the need for rapid information spread grew and social media became the ultimate platform for information exchange as well as a tool for connection and entertainment. With the rapid information spread along came the various public misconceptions and misinformation which consequently influenced perceptions and behaviors of the public towards the coronavirus pandemic. Thus, there was a need for identification and collation of public perceptions information to address future public health initiatives. This cross-national study aimed to examine the challenges and benefits of using social media during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. This study was a content analysis of the open-ended questions from a wider cross-sectional online survey conducted in Norway, UK, USA, and Australia during October/November 2020. 2368 participants out of 3474 respondents to the survey provided the open text responses included in the qualitative analy...
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Social media are an integral part of adolescents' daily lives, and reviews have suggested an overall small association between more social media use and mental health problems. However, researchers have commonly investigated social... more
Social media are an integral part of adolescents' daily lives, and reviews have suggested an overall small association between more social media use and mental health problems. However, researchers have commonly investigated social media use in a time use perspective, rendering nuances in adolescents' social media experience less well explored. Thus, studies of relationships between social media use and mental health problems need also examine the nature of the events taking place on social media. This study aimed to examine depressive symptoms in adolescents in relationship to time spent on social media, negative social media-related experiences, and general self-efficacy. Data collected in a national survey, Ungdata 2021 (n = 139,841), was used. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that time spent on social media was associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.09, p < 0.001). However, negative social media-related experiences were more strongly associated with ...
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Background: We aimed to examine the association between social media use and loneliness two years after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Methods: Participants were 1649 adults who completed a cross-sectional online survey disseminated... more
Background: We aimed to examine the association between social media use and loneliness two years after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Methods: Participants were 1649 adults who completed a cross-sectional online survey disseminated openly in Norway, United Kingdom, USA, and Australia between November 2021 and January 2022. Linear regressions examined time spent on social media and participants&#39; characteristics on loneliness, and interactions by motives for social media use. Results: Participants who worried more about their health and were younger, not employed, and without a spouse or partner reported higher levels of loneliness compared to their counterparts. More time spent on social media was associated with more loneliness (β = 0.12, p &lt; 0.001). Three profile groups emerged for social media use motives: 1) social media use motive ratings on avoiding difficult feelings higher or the same as for maintaining contact; 2) slightly higher ratings for maintaining contact; and 3) substantially higher ratings for maintaining contact. Time spent on social media was significant only in motive profile groups 2 and 3 (β = 0.12 and β = 0.14, both p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that people who use social media for the motive of maintaining their relationships feel lonelier than those who spend the same amount of time on social media for other reasons. While social media may facilitate social contact to a degree, they may not facilitate the type of contact sought by those who use social media primarily for this reason.
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Whether higher education students&#39; approaches to studying are amenable to change, is disputed. In this study, Norwegian occupational therapy students&#39; (n = 263) approaches to studying were assessed annually across the... more
Whether higher education students&#39; approaches to studying are amenable to change, is disputed. In this study, Norwegian occupational therapy students&#39; (n = 263) approaches to studying were assessed annually across the three-year course, with the aim of exploring changes during the undergraduate study program. Sociodemographic information and the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students were completed. Changes during the follow-up period were analyzed using linear mixed models for repeated measures. A significant increase in deep approach scores and a decrease in surface approach scores during the study program was revealed. The strategic approach remained unchanged, but with a difference between education institutions. Overall, the study suggests that the students&#39; approaches to studying changed in a positive direction during the study program. Attention should be given to students at risk of adopting a surface approach to studying and to the individual and contextual elements influencing study behaviors.
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Climate change is a serious global health threat that has an impact on young people’s lives and may influence their mental health. Since the global climate strike movement, many adolescents have expressed worries about climate change.... more
Climate change is a serious global health threat that has an impact on young people’s lives and may influence their mental health. Since the global climate strike movement, many adolescents have expressed worries about climate change. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of worries about climate change, and factors associated with worries about climate change, in a representative sample of Norwegian adolescents. Data were retrieved from Ungdata, an annual nationwide online youth survey. Adolescents (n = 128,484) from lower and upper secondary school participated in the study. Data were analysed descriptively and with logistic regression. Most of the adolescents were not worried or a little worried about climate change. Girls, pupils who had at least one parent with higher education and pupils from urban areas were more inclined to worry about the climate. Adolescents who worried about the climate had more symptoms of depression than those who were less worried. W...
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Background Alcohol consumption is a major public health challenge; the majority of employees consume alcohol regularly and a considerable proportion of employees can be characterized as risky drinkers in need of interventions.... more
Background Alcohol consumption is a major public health challenge; the majority of employees consume alcohol regularly and a considerable proportion of employees can be characterized as risky drinkers in need of interventions. Occupational health services (OHS) are uniquely positioned for implementing alcohol prevention interventions targeting employees, but rarely do so. Studies have shown that lack of knowledge among OHS personnel is a barrier to alcohol prevention activity. This study aimed to explore OHS personnels’ levels of theoretical and practical alcohol knowledge, and whether these two ways of knowing were differentially associated with alcohol prevention activity. Methods In this cross-sectional study, survey data were collected from 322 OHS personnel in Norway in 2018 (response rate = 53.6%). The survey included variables of two ways of knowing (theoretical and practical) and three types of doing (intervention frequency, conducting individual interventions, and conductin...
Research Interests: Psychology, Health Psychology, Addiction, Occupational Health & Safety, Preventive Health, and 9 moreAlcohol Studies, Environmental Health, Public Health, Logistic Regression, Descriptive Statistics, Psychological Intervention, Occupational Safety and Health, Public health systems and services research, and Guidance and Counseling Intervention Programs
The objective of the study was to investigate (i) levels of job satisfaction among employed and self-employed psychomotor physiotherapists in Norway and (ii) factors associated with job satisfaction. Although there are several studies on... more
The objective of the study was to investigate (i) levels of job satisfaction among employed and self-employed psychomotor physiotherapists in Norway and (ii) factors associated with job satisfaction. Although there are several studies on job satisfaction among physiotherapists, there is limited knowledge about job satisfaction among psychomotor physiotherapists in Norway. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to Norwegian psychomotor physiotherapists (n = 64) via a weblink. Job satisfaction was measured with 2 different scales (Warr’s and Speakman’s Job Satisfaction Scales). Group differences were analyzed with chi-squared tests and independent sample t-tests. Adjusted associations with job satisfaction were analyzed with multivariate linear regression. Fifty-eight women (90.6%) and 6 men (9.4%) were included in the study. The results revealed an overall high level of job satisfaction among the participants. None of the independent variables were associated with ratings on Warr’s...
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BACKGROUND The use of virtual reality in higher education show great potential to promote novel and innovative learning experiences. Until recently, virtual reality has mostly been used in technical higher education, but lately medical... more
BACKGROUND The use of virtual reality in higher education show great potential to promote novel and innovative learning experiences. Until recently, virtual reality has mostly been used in technical higher education, but lately medical education programs have begun using virtual reality. Virtual reality for health professional education improves the knowledge and skills of health professionals compared with traditional or other digital education initiatives. However, the implementation of technology in higher education is slow because of barriers to technology use and innovative and successful practices are not shared. It is, therefore, of great interest to explore how virtual reality is implemented in higher health professional and continuing education. OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review is to identify studies that reported implementation of virtual reality in higher health professional education, to identify barriers and facilitators for implementation, and to highlight rese...
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The aim of this study was to examine the associations between occupational therapy students' learning conceptions, preferences for teaching, and approaches to studying. The deep learning concept was associated with deep and strategic... more
The aim of this study was to examine the associations between occupational therapy students' learning conceptions, preferences for teaching, and approaches to studying. The deep learning concept was associated with deep and strategic approaches to learning. The student preference for the teaching-style "transmitting information" was associated with a surface approach to learning. Understanding the interrelationships between students' learning concepts, teaching preferences, and study approaches may provide incentive for faculty members to think about novel approaches to teaching. While occupational therapy faculty members should encourage a deep learning concept and stimulate students' linking of ideas, they may need to modify their teaching style to accommodate surface-oriented students' needs.
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ISBN 978-82-93208-78-5 (trykt) HiOA Tema utgivelse 2014 nr 6. Brukermanual for kartlegging av ferdigheter i kommunikasjon og interaksjon. A user's guide to the assessment of communication and interaction skills (ACIS) by Kirsty... more
ISBN 978-82-93208-78-5 (trykt) HiOA Tema utgivelse 2014 nr 6. Brukermanual for kartlegging av ferdigheter i kommunikasjon og interaksjon. A user's guide to the assessment of communication and interaction skills (ACIS) by Kirsty Forsyth. Norsk oversettelse og bearbeiding ved Brian Ellingham, Ratna A. Hussain og Tore Bonsaksen.
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Presented here is the work of the International Role Alliance for Participation. Its mission is to establish the Role-Checklist v2 (RCv2) as a cross-culturally valid measure of occupational participation consistent with the ICF. Included... more
Presented here is the work of the International Role Alliance for Participation. Its mission is to establish the Role-Checklist v2 (RCv2) as a cross-culturally valid measure of occupational participation consistent with the ICF. Included are 4 abstracts: feasibility of translation procedure; results from a survey examining role examples and their association with occupational participation; role examples for an ICF-linkage; and finally development of a scoring system
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The purpose of this study was to (i) confirm the factor structure of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) in the current sample of undergraduate occupational therapy students and (ii) explore the pattern of... more
The purpose of this study was to (i) confirm the factor structure of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) in the current sample of undergraduate occupational therapy students and (ii) explore the pattern of associations between the 13 ASSIST subscales. Occupational therapy students (n = 171) across Norway completed the ASSIST. A three‐factor structure was confirmed. Several positive associations were found between the deep and strategic approach subscales, whereas several surface approach subscales were negatively associated with the deep and strategic approach subscales. In conclusion, the study showed that the Norwegian ASSIST has a well‐functioning three‐factor structure in line with its theoretical underpinnings, and it can therefore readily be adopted as a study process measure in Norwegian occupational therapy education programs. In view of the associations between subscales, there is support for a higher‐order concept of “productive” study approache...
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Background Harmful use of alcohol is a major public health problem. While harm is often researched in the context of heavy drinking episodes, high-frequency drinking, even when drinking moderate quantities, constitutes a health risk in a... more
Background Harmful use of alcohol is a major public health problem. While harm is often researched in the context of heavy drinking episodes, high-frequency drinking, even when drinking moderate quantities, constitutes a health risk in a longer perspective. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of daily use of alcohol in the Norwegian general population, and to assess sociodemographic, mental health-related and personal resource variables associated with daily use of alcohol.Methods A cross-sectional survey concerned with health, illness and serious life events was distributed to 5,500 persons in the general population in Norway (response rate 36%). Sociodemographic variables, personal resource variables (general self-efficacy, optimism, and extraversion) and psychological distress (current anxiety and/or depression) were assessed with regards to their associations with daily drinking in unadjusted and adjusted regression models.ResultsDaily use of alcohol was reported...
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Objective The present study examined the impact of academic engagement, study processes, and grit on the academic achievement of physical education and sport university students. Methods An internet-based survey recruited 459 university... more
Objective The present study examined the impact of academic engagement, study processes, and grit on the academic achievement of physical education and sport university students. Methods An internet-based survey recruited 459 university students aged 19-25 years (M = 21 ± 1.3) in physical education and sports (PES) to fill out questionnaires on Physical Education-Study Process Questionnaire (PE-SPQ), Physical Education-Grit (PE-Grit), academic engagement (A-USEI), and Grade Point Average (GPA). A path analysis was carried out to understand variable relationships. Results Data from each variable exhibited symmetrical and normal distribution, as indicated by the skewness and kurtosis values. The model's fit indices showed sufficient Comparative Fit Index (CFI = 0.92), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI = 0.90), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI = 0.99) and Normed Fit Index (NFI = 0.90) and showed acceptable levels. The results indicated a statistically significant positive impact of engagement (β = 0.299, p < 0.001) and study processes (β = 0.397, p < 0.001) on academic achievement. However, the effect of grit on achievement was non-significant. Conclusions Academic engagement as well as study processes are two important factors predicting academic achievement while grit seems to be not a major predictor. Hence, physical education and sport faculty and university administrators should prioritize student engagement as a determinant of academic outcomes by reforming or redesigning physical education and sport curriculum modules that can facilitate engagement.
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Purpose: The purpose was to examine the association between demographic variables, psychosocial health, quality of life, and happiness in the context of COVID. The hypothesis was that psychosocial health variables have mediating roles... more
Purpose: The purpose was to examine the association between demographic variables, psychosocial health, quality of life, and happiness in the context of COVID. The hypothesis was that psychosocial health variables have mediating roles between demographic variables and experienced quality of life (QoL) and happiness. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted across four countries: Norway, USA, UK, and Australia among 1649 individuals. Multiple regression analysis identified those variables that made independent statistically contributions onto the QoL and happiness outcome variables, and the analysis of psychological distress, fatigue and loneliness as mediational variables was performed. Results: Not having a spouse/ partner was associated with poorer QoL, and older age was associated with lower happiness. The psychosocial health variables made the highest variance in QoL (R 2 change = 0.51) and happiness (R 2 change = 0.46) and poorer psychosocial health had a mediating role between civil status and QoL (p < 0.001) and between age and happiness outcomes (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Psychosocial health is of considerable importance in individuals in the time of COVID-19.
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Schooling-at-home and educating children at home have received increased attention since the COVID-19 pandemic which resulted in abrupt social changes, including stay-at-home protocols and school closures to prevent the spread of... more
Schooling-at-home and educating children at home have received increased attention since the COVID-19 pandemic which resulted in abrupt social changes, including stay-at-home protocols and school closures to prevent the spread of infection during the period. We examined the mental health, psychosocial well-being, and loneliness of parents according to whether they had been taking on extra schooling-at-home and child-care responsibilities. We conducted a multi-country cross-sectional online survey nine months into the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway, the UK, the USA, and Australia with a sample size of 1,722. Outcome measures included the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) mental health scale, the Psychosocial well-being (PSW) scale, and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (LS). The key explanatory factor was parental and child-care status, which categorised participants based on how many extra child-care or schooling-at-home responsibilities were taken up. Moderator variables included working-from-home status, living arrangements, and demographic covariates. Our sample had 20.0% of parents who reported taking on some or half of the extra child-care responsibilities, and 11.7% reported that they were taking on most of the extra child care responsibilities. Parents who were taking on most of the extra child-care or schooling-at-home responsibilities had poorer mental health (M = 17.34, SE = 0.40 vs M = 15.47, SE = 0.37, p = 0.002), psychosocial well-being (M = 2.92, SE = 0.05 vs M = 2.72, SE = 0.05, p = 0.011), and loneliness (M = 11.29, SE = 0.31 vs M = 10.33, SE = 0.28, p = 0.019), compared to parents who did not have extra responsibilities. Younger parents and those not living with a spouse reported poorer outcomes. Parents who reported that they were taking on most of the child-caring responsibilities reported the poorest mental health, psychosocial well-being, and highest levels of loneliness. Psychosocial and community support for parents who take on schooling-at-home and education responsibilities is important for the well-being of the parents as well as for their children.
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Background Due to the nature of fatigue, a brief reliable measure of fatigue severity is needed. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate a short version of the Lee Fatigue Scale (LFS) in the Norwegian general population. Methods This... more
Background Due to the nature of fatigue, a brief reliable measure of fatigue severity is needed. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate a short version of the Lee Fatigue Scale (LFS) in the Norwegian general population. Methods This cross-sectional survey consists of a representative sample from the Norwegian population drawn by The National Population Register in Norway. The study is part of a larger study (NORPOP) aimed at collecting normative data from several questionnaires focused on health in adults living in Norway. Registered citizens between 18 and 94 years of age were randomly selected stratified by age, sex and geographic region. Of the 4971 respondents eligible for the study, 1792 (36%) responded to the survey. In addition to age and sex, we collected responses on a 5-item version of the LFS measuring current fatige severity. The psychometric properties focusing on internal structure and precision of the LFS items were analyzed by a Rasch rating scale model. Results Complete LFS scores for analyses were available for 1767 adults. Women had higher LFS-scores than men, and adults < 55 years old had higher scores than older respondents. Our analysis of the LFS showed that the average category on each item advanced monotonically. Two of the five items demonstrated misfit, while the three other items demonstrated goodness-of-fit to the model and uni-dimensionality. Items #1 and #4 (tired and fatigue respectively) showed differential item functioning (DIF) by sex, but no items showed DIFs in relation to age. The separation index of the LFS 3-item scale showed that the sample could be separated into three different groups according to the respondents' fatigue levels. The LFS-3 raw scores correlated strongly with the Rasch measure from the three items. The core dimensions in these individual items were very similarly expressed in the Norwegian language version and this may be a threat to the cultural-related or language validity of a short version of the LFS using these particular items. Conclusions The study provides validation of a short LFS 3-item version for estimating fatigue in the general population.
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Objectives: This study aimed to examine the levels of trust in information provided by public authorities 2 years after the COVID-19 outbreak and to examine factors associated with trust. Methods: Using a cross-national approach, online... more
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the levels of trust in information provided by public authorities 2 years after the COVID-19 outbreak and to examine factors associated with trust. Methods: Using a cross-national approach, online survey data was collected from four Western countries-Australia, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Differences in reports of very low or low levels of trust were examined by age, gender, area of residence, and the highest level of education in the four countries. Results: Levels of trust in the public authorities' information were highest among Norwegian respondents and lowest among U.K. respondents. Lower levels of trust in public authorities were found among males, individuals living in rural or remote areas, and those with lower levels of education. Conclusion: The outcomes contribute to knowledge regarding differences between sociodemographic groups and countries regarding the levels of trust people have in public authorities' information concerning a crisis, such as COVID-19. Strategies to promote trust in societies in different countries could consider these socio-demographic differences.
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Background: Maintaining independence in activities of daily living (ADL) is essential for the well-being of older adults. This study examined the relationship between demographic and living situation factors and ADL independence among... more
Background: Maintaining independence in activities of daily living (ADL) is essential for the well-being of older adults. This study examined the relationship between demographic and living situation factors and ADL independence among community-dwelling older adults in Norway.
Methods: Data was collected in Norway between 2017 and 2019 as part of the fourth wave of the ongoing Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) survey, sent to all citizens in Trøndelag county over 20 years of age, which is considered representative of the Norwegian population. Included in the current cross-sectional study were 22,504 community-living individuals aged 70 years or older who completed the survey and responded to all items constituting the ADL outcome measure. Group differences in ADL independence were examined with Chi Square tests, while crude and adjusted associations with ADL independence were examined with logistic regression analyses. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The participants reported a high degree of independence in primary ADL and slightly lower in instrumental ADL. In the fully adjusted analyses, ADL independence was associated with lower age, female gender, higher levels of education and income, higher subjective well-being, having no chronic or disabling disease, and having someone to talk to in confidence. Surprisingly, women who were married had higher likelihood of ADL independence than unmarried women, whereas married men had lower likelihood of ADL independence than unmarried men.
Conclusion: In addition to known demographic and disease-related factors, the social context affects independence in ADL even in a society that offers advanced health and homecare services to all older adults equally. Furthermore, the same social setting can have differential effects on men and women. Despite the healthcare system in Norway being well-developed, it does not completely address this issue. Further improvements are necessary to address potential challenges that older adults encounter regarding their social connections and feelings of inclusion. Individuals with limited education and income are especially susceptible to ADL dependency as they age, necessitating healthcare services to specifically cater to this disadvantaged demographic.
Methods: Data was collected in Norway between 2017 and 2019 as part of the fourth wave of the ongoing Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) survey, sent to all citizens in Trøndelag county over 20 years of age, which is considered representative of the Norwegian population. Included in the current cross-sectional study were 22,504 community-living individuals aged 70 years or older who completed the survey and responded to all items constituting the ADL outcome measure. Group differences in ADL independence were examined with Chi Square tests, while crude and adjusted associations with ADL independence were examined with logistic regression analyses. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The participants reported a high degree of independence in primary ADL and slightly lower in instrumental ADL. In the fully adjusted analyses, ADL independence was associated with lower age, female gender, higher levels of education and income, higher subjective well-being, having no chronic or disabling disease, and having someone to talk to in confidence. Surprisingly, women who were married had higher likelihood of ADL independence than unmarried women, whereas married men had lower likelihood of ADL independence than unmarried men.
Conclusion: In addition to known demographic and disease-related factors, the social context affects independence in ADL even in a society that offers advanced health and homecare services to all older adults equally. Furthermore, the same social setting can have differential effects on men and women. Despite the healthcare system in Norway being well-developed, it does not completely address this issue. Further improvements are necessary to address potential challenges that older adults encounter regarding their social connections and feelings of inclusion. Individuals with limited education and income are especially susceptible to ADL dependency as they age, necessitating healthcare services to specifically cater to this disadvantaged demographic.
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We aimed to gain knowledge of possible sociodemographic predictors of long COVID and whether long COVID was associated with health outcomes almost two years after the pandemic outbreak. There were 1649 adults who participated in the study... more
We aimed to gain knowledge of possible sociodemographic predictors of long COVID and whether long COVID was associated with health outcomes almost two years after the pandemic outbreak. There were 1649 adults who participated in the study by completing a cross-sectional online survey disseminated openly in Norway, the UK, the USA, and Australia between November 2021 and January 2022. Participants were defined as having long COVID based on self-reports that they had been infected by COVID-19 and were experiencing long-lasting COVID symptoms. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine possible sociodemographic predictors, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine whether long COVID status was associated with health outcomes. None of the sociodemographic variables was significantly associated with reporting long COVID. Having long COVID was associated with higher levels of psychological distress, fatigue, and perceived stress. The effect of long COVID on health outcomes was greater among men than among women. In conclusion, long COVID appeared across sociodemographic groups. People with long COVID reported worsened health outcomes compared to those who had had COVID-19 but without long-term symptoms. Men experiencing long COVID appear to be particularly vulnerable to experiencing poorer health outcomes; health services may pay extra attention to potentially unnoticed needs for support among men experiencing long COVID.
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Background: Alcohol consumption is a major public health challenge; the majority of employees consume alcohol regularly and a considerable proportion of employees can be characterized as risky drinkers in need of interventions.... more
Background: Alcohol consumption is a major public health challenge; the majority of employees consume alcohol regularly and a considerable proportion of employees can be characterized as risky drinkers in need of interventions. Occupational health services (OHS) are uniquely positioned for implementing alcohol prevention interventions targeting employees, but rarely do so. Studies have shown that lack of knowledge among OHS personnel is a barrier to alcohol prevention activity. This study aimed to explore OHS personnels' levels of theoretical and practical alcohol knowledge, and whether these two ways of knowing were differentially associated with alcohol prevention activity. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, survey data were collected from 322 OHS personnel in Norway in 2018 (response rate = 53.6%). The survey included variables of two ways of knowing (theoretical and practical) and three types of doing (intervention frequency, conducting individual interventions, and conducting group interventions). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, bivariate correlations, and adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses. Results: OHS personnel rated their theoretical alcohol knowledge higher than their practical knowledge (η 2 = 0.33, p < 0.001). Higher reported levels of practical knowledge were associated with higher intervention frequency (b = 0.39, β = 0.60, p < 0.001) and greater likelihood of conducting individual interventions (OR = 1.60, p < .001) as well as group interventions (OR = 1.84, p < 0.001). Theoretical knowledge was not associated with conducting interventions, and there was no evidence of an interaction between the two ways of knowing in their association with doing. Sensitivity analyses did not indicate clustering effects of OHS personnel being employed within different units. Conclusions: Different ways of knowing about alcohol among OHS personnel were dissimilarly associated with conducting alcohol prevention interventions in occupational health settings. For doing, knowing how seems to be more important than knowing that. Training programs for OHS personnel should emphasize knowledge about how to deal with alcohol-related issues and how to conduct prevention interventions, rather than focus on detrimental effects of alcohol.
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The objective of the study was to investigate (i) levels of job satisfaction among employed and self-employed psychomotor physiotherapists in Norway and (ii) factors associated with job satisfaction. Although there are several studies on... more
The objective of the study was to investigate (i) levels of job satisfaction among employed and self-employed psychomotor physiotherapists in Norway and (ii) factors associated with job satisfaction. Although there are several studies on job satisfaction among physiotherapists, there is limited knowledge about job satisfaction among psychomotor physiotherapists in Norway. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to Norwegian psychomotor physiotherapists (n = 64) via a weblink. Job satisfaction was measured with 2 different scales (Warr's and Speakman's Job Satisfaction Scales). Group differences were analyzed with chi-squared tests and independent sample t-tests. Adjusted associations with job satisfaction were analyzed with multivariate linear regression. Fifty-eight women (90.6%) and 6 men (9.4%) were included in the study. The results revealed an overall high level of job satisfaction among the participants. None of the independent variables were associated with ratings on Warr's Job Satisfaction Scale. When using Speakman's Job Satisfaction Scale as outcome, employed practitioners had a higher level of job satisfaction, compared to their self-employed counterparts (P < .01). Being employed was associated with a higher level of job satisfaction, compared to being self-employed. Self-employed physiotherapists also felt more overworked and experienced the job to be more physically demanding than their counterparts.
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Climate change is a serious global health threat that has an impact on young people’s lives and may influence their mental health. Since the global climate strike movement, many adolescents have expressed worries about climate change.... more
Climate change is a serious global health threat that has an impact on young people’s lives and may influence their mental health. Since the global climate strike movement, many adolescents have expressed worries about climate change. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of worries about climate change, and factors associated with worries about climate change, in a representative sample of Norwegian adolescents. Data were retrieved from Ungdata, an annual nationwide online youth survey. Adolescents (n = 128,484) from lower and upper secondary school participated in the study. Data were analysed descriptively and with logistic regression. Most of the adolescents were not worried or a little worried about climate change. Girls, pupils who had at least one parent with higher education and pupils from urban areas were more inclined to worry about the climate. Adolescents who worried about the climate had more symptoms of depression than those who were less worried. While worry about climate change may constitute an additional burden for adolescents experiencing depressive symptoms, such worry can also be seen to reflect climate-friendly values.
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The aim of this study was to identify similarities and differences between the four health regions in Norway, with regards to the characteristics of occupational therapy staff working in the municipal health services. A cross-sectional... more
The aim of this study was to identify similarities and differences between the four health regions in Norway, with regards to the characteristics of occupational therapy staff working in the municipal health services. A cross-sectional study was performed where occupational therapists working in the municipalities were invited to fill out an online survey about the context of their work, work relationships within and outside the profession, competence level, participation in research, development projects and demographic characteristics. A total of 561 occupational therapists participated in the study. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and differences between groups were analyzed with Chi-Square tests and one-way analysis of variance. The results showed unexpectedly that overall, the differences between health regions were small and not statistically significant regarding age, gender composition and competence level of the occupational therapists. However, we found differences between the health regions regarding the professional background of the occupational therapists' line manager; the number of occupational therapists in the same work unit; the proportion having served as fieldwork supervisor during the preceding year; and perceived influence on the service goals of the unit. More research is needed to explore how such differences may influence occupational therapists' practice and perceptions of their practice.
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When students enter a bachelor program in occupational therapy, they engage in a variety of learning activities. To explore students' perceptions of learning activities, this qualitative study investigated the experiences of six first... more
When students enter a bachelor program in occupational therapy, they engage in a variety of learning activities. To explore students' perceptions of learning activities, this qualitative study investigated the experiences of six first year students participating in an occupational therapy study program at a Norwegian university. The students took part in two focus group interviews. The interview analysis focused on meaning and ended up with three main themes: 1) Getting to know each other through collaborative learning activities, 2) Engaging in classroom learning activities, and 3) Approaching the syllabus and doing assignments. The study concludes that early engagement in social and collaborative learning activities can be a meaningful prerequisite to future learning focused on meaning and feeling safe in the learning environment. Teaching styles also influence students' engagement in the occupation of studying, with the change from one teaching style to another being particularly challenging for the students.
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Denne boka handler om klinisk resonnering i ergoterapi. Ordet klinisk betyr i denne sammenhengen at utgangspunktet er praktisk fagutøvelse med klienter som trenger ergoterapeutisk bistand av en eller annen art. Ordet resonnering angir at... more
Denne boka handler om klinisk resonnering i ergoterapi. Ordet klinisk betyr i denne sammenhengen at utgangspunktet er praktisk fagutøvelse med klienter som trenger ergoterapeutisk bistand av en eller annen art. Ordet resonnering angir at det handler om hvordan ergoterapeuter tenker om sin fagutøvelse. Det er vanskelig å se for seg en praksis helt løsrevet fra tenkning og begrunnelse, men tenkningen kan rette seg mot ulike forhold – og den kan ha god eller mindre god kvalitet.
Formålet med denne boka er å gi en lettfattelig innføring i ergoterapeuters kliniske resonnering. Vi har ambisjoner om å vise hvordan temaet har blitt diskutert i ergoterapilitteraturen frem til nå, men først og fremst er dette en lærebok. Det betyr for oss at ergoterapeuter og ergoterapistudenter skal kunne bruke boka til å utvikle og forbedre sin kliniske resonnering. Praktiske ferdigheter er viktig, men utilstrekkelig for god fagutøvelse – for å kunne begrunne praksis må vi tenke.
Vi har organisert boka i fem deler. Del 1 gir en kort innføring i klinisk resonnering – hva det er, hvorfor det er viktig – og litt om hvordan det tidligere har blitt presentert i tilknytning til sentrale teorier i faget. Del 2 dreier seg om hvordan klinisk resonnering foregår som en integrert del av den praktiske fagutøvelsen. Her setter vi temaet i sammenheng med modeller for arbeidsprosessen i faget, og vi presenterer en rekke kommenterte eksempler basert på ergoterapeuters praksis på ulike arenaer. Del 3 til 5 har alle pedagogiske siktemål. Disse delene av boka dreier seg vesentlig om hva studenter og uerfarne ergoterapeuter kan gjøre for å bli bedre i klinisk resonnering, og hva ergoterapilærere og praksisveiledere kan gjøre for å støtte opp om deres læringsprosess.
Boka retter seg først og fremst mot ergoterapeuter og ergoterapistudenter som vil lære mer om hvordan de kan utvikle sin tenkning i praksis. Den retter seg i tillegg mot ergoterapeuter i utdanningsfeltet, praksisveiledere og andre erfarne ergoterapeuter som vil bidra til at andre utvikler ferdigheter i klinisk resonnering.
Formålet med denne boka er å gi en lettfattelig innføring i ergoterapeuters kliniske resonnering. Vi har ambisjoner om å vise hvordan temaet har blitt diskutert i ergoterapilitteraturen frem til nå, men først og fremst er dette en lærebok. Det betyr for oss at ergoterapeuter og ergoterapistudenter skal kunne bruke boka til å utvikle og forbedre sin kliniske resonnering. Praktiske ferdigheter er viktig, men utilstrekkelig for god fagutøvelse – for å kunne begrunne praksis må vi tenke.
Vi har organisert boka i fem deler. Del 1 gir en kort innføring i klinisk resonnering – hva det er, hvorfor det er viktig – og litt om hvordan det tidligere har blitt presentert i tilknytning til sentrale teorier i faget. Del 2 dreier seg om hvordan klinisk resonnering foregår som en integrert del av den praktiske fagutøvelsen. Her setter vi temaet i sammenheng med modeller for arbeidsprosessen i faget, og vi presenterer en rekke kommenterte eksempler basert på ergoterapeuters praksis på ulike arenaer. Del 3 til 5 har alle pedagogiske siktemål. Disse delene av boka dreier seg vesentlig om hva studenter og uerfarne ergoterapeuter kan gjøre for å bli bedre i klinisk resonnering, og hva ergoterapilærere og praksisveiledere kan gjøre for å støtte opp om deres læringsprosess.
Boka retter seg først og fremst mot ergoterapeuter og ergoterapistudenter som vil lære mer om hvordan de kan utvikle sin tenkning i praksis. Den retter seg i tillegg mot ergoterapeuter i utdanningsfeltet, praksisveiledere og andre erfarne ergoterapeuter som vil bidra til at andre utvikler ferdigheter i klinisk resonnering.
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This study investigated the measurement properties of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) in a cross-cultural sample, and in each of the four subsamples from Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore and Norway.
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Brief description of a recent study of self-diagnosed depression in the Norwegian general population