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A short film about traditinal water harvesters practising suranga irrigation in southern Karnataka and northern Kerala, Indi
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This chapter introduces an interdisciplinary methodology, which combines the use of archaeological and documentary sources alongside environmental proxy indicators found in sedimentary archives, to assess on a hydrological catchment scale... more
This chapter introduces an interdisciplinary methodology, which combines the use of archaeological and documentary sources alongside environmental proxy indicators found in sedimentary archives, to assess on a hydrological catchment scale historical human ...
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Darren Crook, Sudhir Tripathi, ‘Traditional Methods of Groundwater Abstraction and Recharge along the Windward Side of the Foothills of the Western Ghats of India’, in Andreas N. Angelakis, Eustathios Chiotis, Saeid Eslamian, Herbert... more
Darren Crook, Sudhir Tripathi, ‘Traditional Methods of Groundwater Abstraction and Recharge along the Windward Side of the Foothills of the Western Ghats of India’, in Andreas N. Angelakis, Eustathios Chiotis, Saeid Eslamian, Herbert Weingartner, eds., Underground Aqueducts Handbook, (USA: CRC Press, 2016), ISBN 978-1498748308.
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Differences in microenvironments�defined by geology, geomorphology, and hydrology�led to major differences in the nature of the environmental problems created by economic development in different parts of the Erhai catchment in... more
Differences in microenvironments�defined by geology, geomorphology, and hydrology�led to major differences in the nature of the environmental problems created by economic development in different parts of the Erhai catchment in southwestern China during the premodern period. In particular we show that the second half of the eighteenth century was the critical period for the onset of rapid environmental degradation in the northern part of the catchment. From this it is established that premodern Chinese irrigated farming cannot be defined as indefinitely �sustainable� without major qualifications
Research Interests: Geology, Medieval History, Water, Agriculture, China, and 15 moreGE, East Asian History, Water Supply, Food supply, Industry, Pubmed, Environmental degradation, Historical Studies, Conservation of Natural Resources, Gb, G, Environment, Therapeutic Irrigation, Australian University, and Drainage basin
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Research Interests: Geology, Climate Change, China, Paleolimnology, Paleoclimate, and 15 moreEnvironmental Change, Low Frequency, Late Pleistocene, Gully Erosion, Erosion, Land Use, Human impact, Palaeohydrology, High Resolution, Asian monsoon, Human Activity, High Altitude, Reconstructions, agricultural land, and Drainage basin
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Research Interests: Geology, Climate Change, China, Paleolimnology, Paleoclimate, and 15 moreEnvironmental Change, Low Frequency, Late Pleistocene, Gully Erosion, Erosion, Land Use, Human impact, Palaeohydrology, High Resolution, Asian monsoon, Human Activity, High Altitude, Reconstructions, agricultural land, and Drainage basin
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Understanding social-ecological system dynamics is a major research priority for sustainable management of landscapes, ecosystems and resources. But the lack of multi-decadal records represents an important gap in information that hinders... more
Understanding social-ecological system dynamics is a major research priority for sustainable management of landscapes, ecosystems and resources. But the lack of multi-decadal records represents an important gap in information that hinders the development of the research agenda. Without improved information on the long-term and complex interactions between causal factors and responses, it will be difficult to answer key questions about trends, rates of change, tipping points, safe operating spaces and pre-impact conditions. Where available long-term monitored records are too short or lacking, palaeoenvironmental sciences may provide continuous multi-decadal records for an array of ecosystem states, processes and services. Combining these records with conventional sources of historical information from instrumental monitoring records, official statistics and enumerations, remote sensing, archival documents, cartography and archaeology produces an evolutionary framework for reconstruct...
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This chapter introduces an interdisciplinary methodology, which combines the use of archaeological and documentary sources alongside environmental proxy indicators found in sedimentary archives, to assess on a hydrological catchment scale... more
This chapter introduces an interdisciplinary methodology, which combines the use of archaeological and documentary sources alongside environmental proxy indicators found in sedimentary archives, to assess on a hydrological catchment scale historical human ...
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A short film about traditinal water harvesters practising suranga irrigation in southern Karnataka and northern Kerala, Indi
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Please cite this article as: Crook, D. Hydrology of the combination irrigation system in the Wadi Faynan,
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This paper reports the preliminary findings from an on-going research project that is exploring the resilience and sustainability of suranga irrigation technology found in the Western Ghats of south Karnataka and northern Kerala, India.... more
This paper reports the preliminary findings from an on-going research project that is exploring the resilience and sustainability of suranga irrigation technology found in the Western Ghats of south Karnataka and northern Kerala, India. The suranga are traditional adit water harvesting systems that tap ground waters. They have been constructed mainly by individual land owners to provide both drinking and irrigation water. This paper compares traditional suranga irrigation technology with that of more modern irrigation technology, first introduced during the green revolution, in terms of their impacts on livelihood strategies and water use efficiency. The paper also describes some of the recent adaptations made by farmers to suranga systems based on response to new crop growing opportunities and the availability of new conveyance and distribution technologies and materials. The paper concludes by exploring the resilience and sustainability of the traditional system from a catchment b...
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This paper presents the traditional design principles of the suranga water-harvesting system found in an area of semicritical groundwater scarcity in the Dakshin Kannada district of Karnataka and Kasaragod district in the state of Kerala,... more
This paper presents the traditional design principles of the suranga water-harvesting system found in an area of semicritical groundwater scarcity in the Dakshin Kannada district of Karnataka and Kasaragod district in the state of Kerala, India. This region is situated in the foothills of the Western Ghats of southern India. Data were derived from a mixed-methods approach that analyzed the structure, technology, governance, organization, and hydrological principles of a little-known and little-understood irrigation system. The main body of this work came from a survey of 215 households that identified 700 suranga over a core area of ∼6850 km2. The total number when added to other inventories puts the figure at closer to 3000 suranga overall. The suranga system was identified, relative to other traditional water-harvesting systems in mountains, as a gallery filtration tunnel system that is exclusively constructed in laterite substrate. These laterites have a sound internal structure ...
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ABSTRACT This paper presents the evidence for determining the age and origin of suranga irrigation found mainly in southern Karnataka and northern Kerala in the foothills of the Western Ghats of south India. It draws on on-going research... more
ABSTRACT This paper presents the evidence for determining the age and origin of suranga irrigation found mainly in southern Karnataka and northern Kerala in the foothills of the Western Ghats of south India. It draws on on-going research that has attempted to use an interdisciplinary approach to date the system using Indian Archives, British and Portuguese colonial archives, etymology, oral testimony archaeology, phenology and palaeo dating techniques. The results from this study put the origins of the system at around 1900-1940 CE. These results are compared with the current academic discourse that supports the view that the system originates from ancient Persia and qanat technology, because of the long established trade links with Persia and the Arabian Peninsula in the Malabar region. We argue that a new ‘origin discourse’ should be framed around these much more recent dates. The methodological constraints behind both theories are discussed throughout to enable the reader to appreciate the limitations of both arguments.
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... Page 23. Chapter 1 Introduction The topic of the book is the Three Gorges dam project (Sanxia gongcheng), which is currently being constructed on the Yangtze River in China. Few dams in the world are as well known. The ...