Papers by Andres Toro Salinas
International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016
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Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport, 2016
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Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 2015
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The increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), due to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV... more The increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), due to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), could be a limiting factor for physical performance during hypoxic exposure. Sildenafil has been shown to reduce PAP in situations of moderate or severe hypoxia, and consequently its role as an ergogenic aid and even a possible doping substance must be considered. We performed a double-blind crossover study to determine the effects of sildenafil on cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic parameters in normoxia and during acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (4000 m) at rest and during maximal and submaximal (60% VO2 max) exercise tests. One hour before testing started, sildenafil (100 mg) or a placebo was orally administered to 11 volunteers. In normoxic conditions, sildenafil did not affect performance. Similarly, no significant differences were found in cardiovascular and respiratory parameters in hypoxic conditions at rest or during exercise. The use of sildenafil to improve physi...
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Publice Standard, Jul 17, 2001
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Objective.—The possible effects of blue light during acute hypoxia and the circadian rhythm on se... more Objective.—The possible effects of blue light during acute hypoxia and the circadian rhythm on several physiological and cognitive parameters were studied. Methods.—Fifty-seven volunteers were randomly assigned to 2 groups: nocturnal (2200–0230 hours) or diurnal (0900–1330 hours) and exposed to acute hypoxia (4000 m simulated altitude) in a hypobaric chamber. The participants were illuminated by blue LEDs or common artificial light on 2 different days. During each session, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO 2), blood pressure, heart rate variability, and cognitive parameters were measured at sea level, after reaching the simulated altitude of 4000 m, and after 3 hours at this altitude. Results.—The circadian rhythm caused significant differences in blood pressure and heart rate variability. A 4% to 9% decrease in waking nocturnal SpO 2 under acute hypoxia was observed. Acute hypoxia also induced a significant reduction (4%–8%) in systolic pressure, slightly more marked (up to 13%) under blue lighting. Women had significantly increased systolic (4%) and diastolic (12%) pressures under acute hypoxia at night compared with daytime pressure; this was not observed in men. Some tendencies toward better cognitive performance (d2 attention test) were seen under blue illumination, although when considered together with physiological parameters and reaction time, there was no conclusive favorable effect of blue light on cognitive fatigue suppression after 3 hours of acute hypobaric hypoxia. Conclusions.—It remains to be seen whether longer exposure to blue light under hypobaric hypoxic conditions would induce favorable effects against fatigue.
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Sildenafil has proven to efficiently reduce the increase in pulmonary artery pressure provoked by... more Sildenafil has proven to efficiently reduce the increase in pulmonary artery pressure provoked by hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. However, its role as a possible factor in increasing exercise performance under hypoxic conditions remains to be demonstrated. The use of sildenafil has increased among mountaineers, not as a high altitude pulmonary edema preventive drug, but as a means that could help to improve performance. Several studies have attempted to address this issue, with conflicting results. Currently, despite the inconclusive data at simulated or real altitude, and with the clear evidence that, in normoxia, sildenafil does not improve performance, this drug is being used (and sometimes overused) by people who climb high peaks. However, such potential performance improvement would depend on the degree of hypoxemia (altitude) and the individual responsiveness to this drug. This paper reviews the current knowledge on this matter. ¿Afecta sidenafilo a la capacidad física en altitud? Evidencias científicas en la actualidad Resumen Sildenafilo ha demostrado eficacia reduciendo la hipertensión pulmonar provocada por la vasoconstricción pulmonar hipóxica. Su papel como posible factor para aumentar el rendimiento en el ejercicio en condiciones de hipoxia está por demostrar, pero el uso de sildenafilo ha aumentado entre los montañeros, no como un fármaco preventivo del edema pulmonar de gran altitud, sino en la creencia de que podría ayudar a mejorar el rendimiento físico a gran altura geográfica. Varios estudios han tratado de abordar este tema, con resultados
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