Aurela Anastasi
Professor of Constitutional Law at University of Tirana, since 1987; Defense Attorney specialized for the human rights and women rights since 1996; Member of the Academy of Sciences in Albania since 2009.
She has completed her studies at the Faculty of Law, University of Tirana in 1987, after which she was appointed as an assistant professor. Aurela has contributed to the Department of Public Law in this faculty teaching and developing the discipline of Constitutional Law. In addition, she is the founder of the course "Comparative Constitutional Law" and of other syllabuses in "Master" and "Doctorate" programs.
Prof. Aurela Anastas has conducted several postgraduate studies and most recently, was a Fulbright scholar at Boston College Law School. She is the author / co-author of several monographs and textbooks, as well as of numerous scientific articles and conference papers. Recently, her book "Gender Equality and Justice" was published by the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Albania.
Prof. Aurela Anastas has directed and coordinated several national and international scientific projects for the development of the legislation and jurisprudence in Albania. As a member of the editorial boards, has contributed to Albanian scientific journals: “Jeta Juridike”, ‘Studime Juridike”, “Avokatia”; She has chaired working groups in the framework of national constitutional and legal reforms, such as the Constitutional Reform for the Justice system (2016), for the drafting of laws on gender equality in society, for protection against discrimination and domestic violence. Moreover, she has been among the drafters of agreements of religious communities with the Council of Ministers.
She has been elected for two consecutive terms in charge of the Department of Public Law at the Faculty of Law (University of Tirana), while for a short term was appointed Deputy Dean and Dean of this Faculty. She is a guest lecturer and trainer in the ongoing training of judges and prosecutors at the School of Magistrates. She is a member of the International Association of Constitutional Law (since 2014) and has been a member of the "European Commission for Democracy through Law" (Venice Commission), on behalf of Albania (2016-2020).
As an expert, she has represented civil society organizations before national and international institutions. She is the initiator and leader of several scientific activities for young lawyers and the creation of pro bono organizations of law students, to provide free legal aid to the people in need.
For the activities she performed, Aurela Anastasi has received certificates of appreciation from several national and international non-governmental organizations. She was also awarded the Certificate of Appreciation by the University "Ismail Qemali", Vlora, and by the European University of Tirana.
She has completed her studies at the Faculty of Law, University of Tirana in 1987, after which she was appointed as an assistant professor. Aurela has contributed to the Department of Public Law in this faculty teaching and developing the discipline of Constitutional Law. In addition, she is the founder of the course "Comparative Constitutional Law" and of other syllabuses in "Master" and "Doctorate" programs.
Prof. Aurela Anastas has conducted several postgraduate studies and most recently, was a Fulbright scholar at Boston College Law School. She is the author / co-author of several monographs and textbooks, as well as of numerous scientific articles and conference papers. Recently, her book "Gender Equality and Justice" was published by the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Albania.
Prof. Aurela Anastas has directed and coordinated several national and international scientific projects for the development of the legislation and jurisprudence in Albania. As a member of the editorial boards, has contributed to Albanian scientific journals: “Jeta Juridike”, ‘Studime Juridike”, “Avokatia”; She has chaired working groups in the framework of national constitutional and legal reforms, such as the Constitutional Reform for the Justice system (2016), for the drafting of laws on gender equality in society, for protection against discrimination and domestic violence. Moreover, she has been among the drafters of agreements of religious communities with the Council of Ministers.
She has been elected for two consecutive terms in charge of the Department of Public Law at the Faculty of Law (University of Tirana), while for a short term was appointed Deputy Dean and Dean of this Faculty. She is a guest lecturer and trainer in the ongoing training of judges and prosecutors at the School of Magistrates. She is a member of the International Association of Constitutional Law (since 2014) and has been a member of the "European Commission for Democracy through Law" (Venice Commission), on behalf of Albania (2016-2020).
As an expert, she has represented civil society organizations before national and international institutions. She is the initiator and leader of several scientific activities for young lawyers and the creation of pro bono organizations of law students, to provide free legal aid to the people in need.
For the activities she performed, Aurela Anastasi has received certificates of appreciation from several national and international non-governmental organizations. She was also awarded the Certificate of Appreciation by the University "Ismail Qemali", Vlora, and by the European University of Tirana.
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Kjo kumtesë është paraqitur në Konferencën “Rrugëtimi shqiptar për Pavarësinë”, të organizuar nga Akademia e Shkencave të Shqipërisë me rastin e 110 vjetorit të shpalljes së Pavarësisë së Shqipërisë. Konstitucionalizmi u bë objekt i analizës kërkimore, për të njohur traditën shqiptare mbi rolin e tij si strumbullari i parimeve themelore kushtetuese mbi të cilat u ndërtua Shteti i pavarur Shqiptar më 1912. Është analizuar njohja e epërsisë e Kushtetutës dhe mbrojtja e saj nga statutet themeltare të shtetit shqiptar, si dhe roli i doktrinës kushtetuese gjatë periudhës së pavarësisë. Një vëmendje e veçantë shkon mbi Këshillin e Shtetit, si organi për kontrollin paraprak të pajtueshmërisë së akteve me Kushtetutën. Deri tani kemi njohur Gjykatën Kushtetuese shqiptare të krijuar në vitin 1992, si organin e parë për kontrollin e kushtetutshmërisë së normave. Njohja me jurisprudencën e Këshillit të Shtetit të krijuar në vitin 1929, na bën të rishikojmë sa kemi shkruar deri tani, pasi Ky Këshill duket të jetë i pari organ i shtetit shqiptar që ka ushtruar kontrollin e kushtetutshmërisë së normave. Nga studimi i vendimeve të tij, rezulton se Këshilli i Shtetit ka qenë një organ i avancuar për kohën dhe me jurisprudencën e tij ka kontribuar në zhvillimin e të drejtës shqiptare përgjatë deri në vitin 1944, pas të cilit kishim humbur çdo kontakt me të. Është koha të bëjmë të njohura vendimet e tij më të rëndësishme, të cilat dëshmojnë qartë për kontributin që ai ka dhënë për mbrojtjen e parimeve të rëndësishme të konstitucionalizmit, disa nga të cilat i rezistojnë kohës edhe sot.
“On a classification of the victims’ rights during the criminal process from the perspective of the due process of law”.
This paper analyses the victims’ rights during the criminal process in Albania. The new provisions of the Albanian Criminal Procedure Code (amended in 2017) have included the victim of the criminal offense as a litigant with an active role and procedural rights. This is an important change that distinguishes its procedural position from the previous one, which was quite passive. Before, the victim could only exercise the status of witness, complainant and civil plaintiff to seek damages from a criminal offense. Therefore, it is important that these rights are understood and enforced by professionals in the justice system. The issue to be addressed in this paper serves to this purpose and essentially, it is a reflection on a theory of classification of victims' rights throughout the criminal process, in access to the regular legal process.
Key words: victim rights; victim status in criminal process; international standards for victim rights; constitutional standards for victim rights;
A revision of the history of the Albanian constitutional thought in the period of independence (1912-39) receives a special significance, not only to recognize this important contribution, but also to draw necessary lessons in the current situation. This thought ran closely with some of the newly created Albanian institutions that were different from ones in the Ottoman Empire. Studying and reflecting the aspects of the Albanian legal opinion in this period, in order to highlight its most important contribution on the election right is the main focus of this study. Such a historical overview has had deficits for a very long time, because of the denial of the constitutional thought during the communist regime. On this basis, the researchers of that time admitted that the regime had imposed: “The science of Constitutional law is still recent in the People’s Republic of Albania; it was born and is gradually developing along with the popular power and its development". This statement was nothing but a myth dictated by the political authorities of the time, thus in this paper we will try to prove the contrary. It is our duty to learn more about the contributions to the Albanian legal science and to understand that its origins do not belong to the science of constitutional law during the communist regime, but earlier. Knowledge on the elections law is not the only purpose of this short paper. Along with the earliest scholars of Albanian constitutional law referred here, we have tried to highlight a series of messages in a few pages. The lessons learned will help us interpret the issues and problems that we constantly confront during the day of election.
e ligjit nen për nen, me qëllim që të ndihmojë në zbatimin me efikasitet të tij. Kjo ndihmon që nenet jo vetëm të kuptohen mirë në thelbin e tyre, por edhe të zbatohen nga subjektet përgjegjëse me korrektësi dhe efikasitet. Krahasimi me standardet ndërkombëtare ka bërë të mundur qasjen e komenteve me përvojat konkrete të shteteve të tjera, meqenëse ky ligj në Shqipëri miratohet për herë të parë. Një ndihmesë të posaçme për këtë qëllim ka
dhënë Komisioni i Venecias përmes raporteve dhe opinioneve të tij
Kjo kumtesë është paraqitur në Konferencën “Rrugëtimi shqiptar për Pavarësinë”, të organizuar nga Akademia e Shkencave të Shqipërisë me rastin e 110 vjetorit të shpalljes së Pavarësisë së Shqipërisë. Konstitucionalizmi u bë objekt i analizës kërkimore, për të njohur traditën shqiptare mbi rolin e tij si strumbullari i parimeve themelore kushtetuese mbi të cilat u ndërtua Shteti i pavarur Shqiptar më 1912. Është analizuar njohja e epërsisë e Kushtetutës dhe mbrojtja e saj nga statutet themeltare të shtetit shqiptar, si dhe roli i doktrinës kushtetuese gjatë periudhës së pavarësisë. Një vëmendje e veçantë shkon mbi Këshillin e Shtetit, si organi për kontrollin paraprak të pajtueshmërisë së akteve me Kushtetutën. Deri tani kemi njohur Gjykatën Kushtetuese shqiptare të krijuar në vitin 1992, si organin e parë për kontrollin e kushtetutshmërisë së normave. Njohja me jurisprudencën e Këshillit të Shtetit të krijuar në vitin 1929, na bën të rishikojmë sa kemi shkruar deri tani, pasi Ky Këshill duket të jetë i pari organ i shtetit shqiptar që ka ushtruar kontrollin e kushtetutshmërisë së normave. Nga studimi i vendimeve të tij, rezulton se Këshilli i Shtetit ka qenë një organ i avancuar për kohën dhe me jurisprudencën e tij ka kontribuar në zhvillimin e të drejtës shqiptare përgjatë deri në vitin 1944, pas të cilit kishim humbur çdo kontakt me të. Është koha të bëjmë të njohura vendimet e tij më të rëndësishme, të cilat dëshmojnë qartë për kontributin që ai ka dhënë për mbrojtjen e parimeve të rëndësishme të konstitucionalizmit, disa nga të cilat i rezistojnë kohës edhe sot.
“On a classification of the victims’ rights during the criminal process from the perspective of the due process of law”.
This paper analyses the victims’ rights during the criminal process in Albania. The new provisions of the Albanian Criminal Procedure Code (amended in 2017) have included the victim of the criminal offense as a litigant with an active role and procedural rights. This is an important change that distinguishes its procedural position from the previous one, which was quite passive. Before, the victim could only exercise the status of witness, complainant and civil plaintiff to seek damages from a criminal offense. Therefore, it is important that these rights are understood and enforced by professionals in the justice system. The issue to be addressed in this paper serves to this purpose and essentially, it is a reflection on a theory of classification of victims' rights throughout the criminal process, in access to the regular legal process.
Key words: victim rights; victim status in criminal process; international standards for victim rights; constitutional standards for victim rights;
A revision of the history of the Albanian constitutional thought in the period of independence (1912-39) receives a special significance, not only to recognize this important contribution, but also to draw necessary lessons in the current situation. This thought ran closely with some of the newly created Albanian institutions that were different from ones in the Ottoman Empire. Studying and reflecting the aspects of the Albanian legal opinion in this period, in order to highlight its most important contribution on the election right is the main focus of this study. Such a historical overview has had deficits for a very long time, because of the denial of the constitutional thought during the communist regime. On this basis, the researchers of that time admitted that the regime had imposed: “The science of Constitutional law is still recent in the People’s Republic of Albania; it was born and is gradually developing along with the popular power and its development". This statement was nothing but a myth dictated by the political authorities of the time, thus in this paper we will try to prove the contrary. It is our duty to learn more about the contributions to the Albanian legal science and to understand that its origins do not belong to the science of constitutional law during the communist regime, but earlier. Knowledge on the elections law is not the only purpose of this short paper. Along with the earliest scholars of Albanian constitutional law referred here, we have tried to highlight a series of messages in a few pages. The lessons learned will help us interpret the issues and problems that we constantly confront during the day of election.
e ligjit nen për nen, me qëllim që të ndihmojë në zbatimin me efikasitet të tij. Kjo ndihmon që nenet jo vetëm të kuptohen mirë në thelbin e tyre, por edhe të zbatohen nga subjektet përgjegjëse me korrektësi dhe efikasitet. Krahasimi me standardet ndërkombëtare ka bërë të mundur qasjen e komenteve me përvojat konkrete të shteteve të tjera, meqenëse ky ligj në Shqipëri miratohet për herë të parë. Një ndihmesë të posaçme për këtë qëllim ka
dhënë Komisioni i Venecias përmes raporteve dhe opinioneve të tij