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This study addresses a controversial issue in the Moroccan language-in-education policy, namely the use of mother tongues as media of instruction. Currently, Arabic and French are the two media of instruction in Moroccan public schools... more
This study addresses a controversial issue in the Moroccan language-in-education policy, namely the use of mother tongues as media of instruction. Currently, Arabic and French are the two media of instruction in Moroccan public schools and universities. There is strong opposition from the government to the implementation of mother tongues, Amazigh and Moroccan Darija, in the school curriculum due to their low status and lack of prestige compared to Arabic and French. However, being taught in languages that children have to learn from scratch can be cognitively demanding and might well be one of the major reasons behind the increasing number of school dropouts and low levels of academic achievements in Morocco. This study explores the potential implementation of Amazigh and Moroccan Darija as media of instruction in Moroccan primary schools in order to maximize student learning by investigating students’ and teachers’ perceptions. Results suggest that while teachers and students alike agree that mother tongues can facilitate learning, mother tongues are less likely to be adopted as official media of instruction due to economic and socio-political factors. The study concludes with a discussion of strategies that will likely result in the implementation of an effective mother tongue medium of instruction policy in Morocco.
This dissertation examines the categories religion (dīn) and the worldly life (dunyā) in premodern Islam, showing how a careful articulation of this differentiation facilitates a comprehensive and renewed understanding of the practical... more
This dissertation examines the categories religion (dīn) and the worldly life (dunyā) in premodern Islam, showing how a careful articulation of this differentiation facilitates a comprehensive and renewed understanding of the practical philosophy of al-Māwardī (d. 450 AH/1058 CE). Scholarship has predominantly framed al-Māwardī as a jurist, a perspective shaped by a prevalent historiography that conceives of revealed religion as the singular normative discourse on ethics and social order in Islam. This approach has produced a one-sided reading of al-Māwardī’s legacy, focusing mostly on one legal work, The Ordinances, while neglecting his contributions in non-juristic fields such as adab-siyāsa (discourse on political prudence and governance). Although recent literature has explored some of his non-juristic writings, the emphasis on jurisprudence continues to underpin the scholarly assessment of al-Māwardī’s thought and the broader study of Islamic political tradition.
Aiming to rectify the fragmented portrayal of al-Māwardī, this dissertation employs linguistic theories, including semantic fields and Bakhtin’s notion of “speech genre,” to trace the development of the dīn/dunyā differentiation in Arabic theological, philosophical, and juristic language from early Islam to the classical Islamic culture (circa. 750–1100 CE). By closely examining al-Māwardī’s thought through the religious/worldly distinction, the dissertation shows how this differentiation functions in key areas of his practical philosophy, thus revealing the connections between his ideas on religion, ethics, politics, and jurisprudence.
In particular, the study demonstrates that al-Māwardī’s thought extends beyond juridical discourse, with the dīn/dunyā differentiation serving as a paradigmatic principle that enables various forms of normativity in his corpus and cultural context. It then introduces the construct of “dunyawī meta-discourse” to parse the worldly discourse on the human condition in al-Māwardī’s works and examine its overlaps with the disciplines of revealed religion. This approach leads to more nuanced interpretations of al-Māwardī’s ethical and political ideas and their place in Arabo-Islamic intellectual history.
By examining the dīn/dunyā differentiation and its continued significance in Arab and Muslim thought, this study contributes to the fields of Arabic and Islamic Studies, Religious Studies, and Political Science, offering new insights into the genealogies and functions of the concept of dīn in Islamic thought.
This is an advanced Arabic textbook (c1 according to CEFR guidelines). It is designed as part of the Arabic language curriculum for non-Arabic speakers at Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.