human

See also: Human and humán

English

Etymology

From Late Middle English humayne, humain, from Middle French humain, from Old French humain, umain, from Latin hūmānus m (“of or belonging to a man, human, humane”, adjective), from homo, with unclear ū. Spelling human has been predominant since the early 18th century. Not etymologically related to man.

Pronunciation

• enPR: hyo͞oʹmən, IPA^(key): /ˈhjuː.mən/, [ˈçju̟mən], [ˈçju̟mn̩]
• (New York City, some other dialects) IPA^(key): /ˈju.mən/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːmən
• Hyphenation: hu‧man

Adjective

human (comparative more human, superlative most human)

2. (not comparable) Of or belonging to the species Homo sapiens or its closest relatives.
   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene vi:

     Some powers diuine, or els infernall, mixt / Their angry ſeedes at his conception: / For he was neuer ſprong of humaine race, / Since with the ſpirit of his fearefull pride, / He dares so doubtleſly reſolue of rule.

   • 1660, [Richard Allestree], “Sect[ion] V. Of the Second Advantage, Wealth.”, in The Gentlemans Calling, London: […] T[imothy] Garthwait […], →OCLC, page 83:

     [N]o attempt is made to call in God to their reſcue, as if he vvere an idle unconcern'd ſpectator of humane affairs, or ſo inconſiderable an ally, as not to be vvorth the care of engaging him on their ſide.

   • 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:

     Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.

3. (comparable) Having the nature or attributes of a human being.

   To err is human; to forgive, divine.

   • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

     She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

     The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing and sad.

   • 2011 August 17, Holman W. Jenkins, Jr., The Many Wars of Google: Handset makers will learn to live with their new ‘frenemy’, Business World, Wall Street Journal,

     Google wouldn't be human if it didn't want some of this loot, which buying Motorola would enable it to grab.

Alternative forms

• humane (obsolete)

Synonyms

• mannish, mennish (now rare)

Antonyms

• inhuman
• nonhuman
• unhuman

Hypernyms

• animalian (in its sense including all Animalia)
• mammalian

Derived terms

Terms derived from the adjective or noun human

• abhuman
• ahuman
• antehuman
• antihuman
• anti-human
• chuman
• countryhuman
• demihuman
• European early modern human
• extrahuman
• half-human
• HIV
• hope springs eternal in the human breast
• HOV
• huboon
• hucow
• hufu
• human African trypanosomiasis
• humanation
• human bean
• human behavior
• human being
• human billboard
• human biodiversity
• human blockhead
• human botfly
• humanburger
• human burrito
• human cannonball
• human capital
• humancentric
• human chain
• human chattel
• human cheese
• human chorionic gonadotropin
• human chorionic somatomammotrophin
• human chorionic somatomammotropin
• human choriosomatomammotrophin
• human choriosomatomammotropin
• human-computer interaction
• human condition
• human death
• human development
• human directional
• human-dominated
• human dross
• human enhancement
• human error
• humanesque
• human factors
• human flag
• human flea
• human-flesh search
• human flesh search engine
• Human Genome Project
• human geographer
• human geography
• humanhood
• humanicide
• humanics
• humaniform
• humanify
• humanimal
• human immunodeficiency virus
• human immunodeficiency virus 1
• human immunodeficiency virus 2
• human insulin
• human intelligence
• human interest
• human interface device
• humanisation
• humanish
• humanism
• humanist
• humanization
• humanize
• humanizer
• human kind, humankind
• human knot
• humanless
• human leukocyte antigen
• human life
• humanlike
• human-like
• humanly
• human-made
• humanmade
• human microphone
• human milk
• human movement
• human nature
• humanness
• human-occupied vehicle
• humanoid
• humanosphere
• human papillomavirus
• humanphobe
• human potential movement
• human-powered
• human pyramid
• human race
• human-readable
• human relations
• human resource management
• human resources (HR)
• human resources management
• human right, human rights
• human-rightism
• human-rightist
• human roulette wheel
• human sacrifice
• human safari
• human seminal plasma protein hypersensitivity
• human services
• humansexual
• human shield
• human smuggling
• human statue
• human terrain
• human touch
• human trafficker
• human trafficking
• humanure
• human wave
• humanwise
• human year
• humanzee
• human zoo
• humint
• HUMINT
• huwoman
• infrahuman
• inhuman
• inhumane
• interhuman
• intrahuman
• metahuman
• milk of human kindness
• modern human
• no human being is illegal
• no human involved
• no human is illegal
• nonhuman, non-human
• paleohuman
• panhuman
• parahuman
• posthuman
• post-human
• prehuman
• preter-human
• preterhuman
• proto-human
• protohuman
• pseudohuman
• semi-human
• semihuman
• socialism with a human face
• spontaneous human combustion
• subhuman
• suprahuman
• to err is human
• transhuman
• ultrahuman
• -umab
• werehuman

 

English terms starting with “human”

Related terms

• humane
• humanitarian
• humanitarianism
• humanity

Translations

of or belonging to the species Homo sapiens

• Afrikaans: mens (af)
• Albanian: njerëzor
• Arabic: بَشَرِيّ (ar) (bašariyy), إنْسَانِيّ (ʔinsāniyy)
• Aragonese: umano (an)
• Armenian: մարդկային (hy) (mardkayin)
• Assamese: মানুহ (manuh), মানৱ (manow)
• Asturian: humanu (ast)
• Azerbaijani: bəşər (az), insan (az), bəşəri, insani
• Belarusian: чалаве́чы (čalavjéčy), людскі́ (ljudskí)
• Bengali: মানবীয় (bn) (manbiẏo), মানুষিক (bn) (manuśik)
• Bulgarian: чове́шки (bg) (čovéški)
• Burmese: မနုဿ (my) (ma.nu.ssa.)
• Catalan: humà (ca)
• Central Sierra Miwok: míw·y-
• Cherokee: please add this translation if you can
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 人的 (zh) (rén de), 人類的／人类的 (zh) (rénlèi de)

• Choctaw: okla
• Czech: lidský (cs) m
• Danish: menneskelig
• Dutch: menselijk (nl), mens- (nl)
• Esperanto: homa (eo)
• Estonian: inim-, inimese
• Finnish: inhimillinen (fi), ihmis-
• French: humain (fr)

  Old French: umain, humain

• Galician: humano (gl)
• Georgian: ადამიანური (adamianuri)
• German: menschlich (de)
• Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (mannisks)
• Greek: ανθρώπινος (el) (anthrópinos)

  Ancient: ἀνθρωπικός (anthrōpikós), ἀνθρώπειος (anthrṓpeios)

• Gujarati: please add this translation if you can
• Haitian Creole: imen
• Hebrew: אֱנוֹשִׁי (he) (enoshí)
• Hindi: इंसान (insān), मनुष्य (hi) (manuṣya), मानव (hi) (mānav), इंसानी (insānī), मानवी (hi) (mānvī)
• Hungarian: emberi (hu)
• Ido: homa (io)
• Indonesian: manusia (id)
• Ingrian: ihmiin, ihmihiin, inmiin, inmihiin
• Interlingua: human (ia)
• Irish: daonna
• Italian: umano (it)
• Japanese: 人の (ja) (ひとの, hito no), 人間の (ja) (にんげんの, ningen no)
• Kazakh: адами (adami), адам (kk) (adam)
• Khmer: មនុស្ស (km) (mɔnuh)
• Korean: 사람의 (ko) (saram-ui), 인간의 (ko) (in'gan-ui)
• Kyrgyz: адам (ky) (adam)
• Lao: ມະນຸດ (lo) (ma nut)
• Latin: hūmānus (la) m
• Latvian: cilvēcisks
• Limburgish: miensjelik (li)
• Macedonian: човечки m (čovečki)
• Malay: manusia (ms)
• Maltese: uman
• Manchu: ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠᡳ (niyalmai), ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ
  ᠊ᡳ (niyalma -i)
• Maori: tangata (mi)
• Maranao: manosiya
• Marathi: मानवी (mānvī)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: хүний (mn) (xünii), човјек m, човек m, човик m, чловик m, чловек m (archaic), чловјек m (obsolete), чоек m (colloquial, regional), чојек m (colloquial, regional), чоик m (colloquial, regional), шловек m (colloquial, regional), шовек m (colloquial, regional), људи m pl

• Ngazidja Comorian: -a kibinadamu
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: menneskelig (no)

• Occitan: uman (oc)

  Old Occitan: uman, human

• Odia: ମନୁଷ୍ୟ (or) (manushya)
• Old English: mennisċ
• Pashto: انساني (ps) (ensāní), بشري (ps) (bašarí)
• Persian: اِنْسانی (fa) (ensâni), بَشَری (fa) (bašari)
• Piedmontese: uman
• Polish: ludzki (pl), człowieczy (pl)
• Portuguese: humano (pt)
• Romanian: omenesc (ro), uman (ro)
• Romansch: uman (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader), human (Sursilvan), umaun (Puter)
• Russian: челове́ческий (ru) (čelovéčeskij), людско́й (ru) (ljudskój)
• Sanskrit: मानव (sa) (mānava), मनुष्य (sa) (manuṣya), मानवीय (sa) (mānavīya), मानुष्यक (sa) (mānuṣyaka)
• Scots: human
• Scottish Gaelic: daonna
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: љу̀дскӣ

  Roman: ljùdskī (sh), čovjek (sh) m, čovek (sh) m, čovik (sh) m, človik (sh) m, človek (sh) m (archaic), človjek m (obsolete), čoek (sh) m (colloquial, regional), čojek (sh) m (colloquial, regional), čoik m (colloquial, regional), šlovek m (colloquial, regional), šovek m (colloquial, regional), ljudi (sh) m pl

• Slovak: ľudský
• Slovene: človeški, ljúdski
• Sotho: motho (st)
• Southern Altai: кижи (kiži)
• Spanish: humano (es)
• Swahili: kibinadamu
• Swedish: mänsklig (sv)
• Sylheti: ꠝꠣꠘꠥ (manu), ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡ (manuś)
• Tajik: одамӣ (odami), инсонӣ (insoni), башарӣ (bašari)
• Tarifit: iwdan m pl
• Telugu: మనిషి (te) (maniṣi)
• Thai: มนุษย์ (th) (má-nút)
• Tsonga: munhu
• Turkish: beşeri (tr), insani (tr)
• Turkmen: ynsany
• Ukrainian: людськи́й (ljudsʹkýj)
• Urdu: اِنْسانی (insānī)
• Uyghur: ئىنسانىي (insaniy)
• Uzbek: insoniy (uz), odamiy (uz), bashariy (uz)
• Vietnamese: người (vi)
• Welsh: dynol (cy)
• Yiddish: מענטשלעך (mentshlekh)
• Yoruba: ènìyàn

having the nature or attributes of a human being

• Afrikaans: menslik (af)
• Arabic: آدْمِيّ (ʔādmiyy), بَشَرِيّ (ar) (bašariyy), إِنْسَانِيّ (ʔinsāniyy)
• Armenian: մարդկային (hy) (mardkayin)
• Aromanian: uminescu
• Asturian: humanu (ast)
• Belarusian: чалаве́чы (čalavjéčy), людскі́ (ljudskí)
• Bulgarian: чове́шки (bg) (čovéški)
• Catalan: humà (ca)
• Cherokee: ᏴᏫ (yvwi)
• Czech: lidský (cs)
• Danish: menneskelig, human (da)
• Dutch: menselijk (nl)
• Esperanto: homa (eo)
• Estonian: inimlik
• Finnish: inhimillinen (fi)
• French: humain (fr)
• Friulian: please add this translation if you can
• Galician: humano (gl)
• German: menschlich (de)
• Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (mannisks)
• Greek: ανθρώπινος (el) m (anthrópinos)

  Ancient: ἀνθρώπινος (anthrṓpinos)

• Hindi: मानवीय (hi) (mānvīya)
• Hungarian: emberi (hu)
• Ido: homala (io)
• Irish: duiniúil, duineata
• Italian: umano (it)
• Japanese: please add this translation if you can
• Khmer: នៃមនុស្សលោក (nɨy mɔnuh look)
• Latin: hūmānus (la)
• Latvian: cilvēcisks
• Macedonian: човечки m (čovečki)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: menneskelig (no)

• Occitan: uman (oc)
• Old English: mennisċ
• Polish: ludzki (pl) m
• Portuguese: humano (pt)
• Romanian: omenesc (ro), uman (ro)
• Romansch: uman (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader), human (Sursilvan), umaun (Puter)
• Russian: челове́ческий (ru) (čelovéčeskij), людско́й (ru) (ljudskój)
• Scots: human
• Scottish Gaelic: daonna
• Slovak: ľudský
• Slovene: človeški, ljúdski
• Spanish: humano (es)
• Swedish: mänsklig (sv)
• Turkish: insanca (tr)
• Yiddish: מענטשלעך (mentshlekh)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Estonian: ^{(please verify)} inim-, ^{(please verify)} inimlik, ^{(please verify)} inimese
• Igbo: ^{(please verify)} madụ
• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} human (ia)
• Lithuanian: ^{(please verify)} žmoginis m (biological term), ^{(please verify)} žmogiškas m
• Persian: ^{(please verify)} انسانی (fa) (ensâni)
• Turkish: ^{(please verify)} insan (tr)

Noun

Rendition of the humans on the Pioneer 10 plaque.

human (plural humans)

2. (strictly, biology) The tallest, most abundant and most intelligent of the primates; Homo sapiens.

   Synonyms: human being, man; see also Thesaurus:person

   Humans share common ancestors with other apes.

   • 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:

     Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.

   • 2013 April 18, Rock Paper Cynic (webcomic):

     If I ever have to choose between a future where killer robots hunt humans or a future where bacon supplies have run out ... Let's just say you better start running.

   1. (fantasy, science fiction, mythology) A human as contrasted from superficially similar but typically more powerful humanoid creatures; a member of the human race.
      • 1994 March 29, Bill Watterson, Calvin & Hobbes:

        Greetings. I am Blor-Utar from Zimtok-5. I have come to subjugate the human race. Do not resist. Why humans? Because, in addition to their value as slave labor, they are also delicious and nutritious!

   2. (fantasy, science fiction) A term of address for any human, often implying the listener's species is their only noteworthy trait.
      • 2011 December 29, Alex Culang, Raynato Castro, Buttersafe‎^[1] (webcomic):

        Greetings, human! You have stumbled into the dimension of the Snow People. […] Flesh plows clear the streets to make them safe to drive. […] Does this shock you, human? Do the ways of our world open your eyes to the truths of your own?

3. (broadly) Any hominid of the genus Homo.

Translations

human being

• Abkhaz: ауаҩы (awajʷə)
• Acehnese: ureuëng
• Achuar: aishmang
• Afrikaans: mens (af)
• Ahom: 𑜀𑜤𑜃𑜫 (kun)
• Ainu: アイヌ (aynu)
• Aja: i'i
• Akan: onipa, nipa
• Aklanon: tawo
• Albanian: njeri (sq)
• Aleut: tayaĝux̂
• Amharic: የሰው ልጅ (yäsäw ləǧ), ሰው (säw)
• Apache:

  Western Apache: ndeeń

• Arabic: إِنْسَان (ar) m (ʔinsān), نَاس pl (nās) (plural), بَشَر (ar) m (bašar), إِنْس m (ʔins)

  Chadian Arabic: نادم (nādum)

  Egyptian Arabic: إنسان m (ensān), بنيآدم m (baniādam)

  Hijazi Arabic: إنسان m (ʼinsān), بني آدم m (bani ʼādam)

  Moroccan Arabic: إنسان m (ʔinsān), بنادم m (bnādim, bnādam)

• Aragonese: homo m, umano (an) m
• Aramaic:

  Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ c (nāšā)

  Hebrew: אנשא c (nāšā)

  Syriac: ܐܢܫܐ c (nāšā)

• Argobba: ሱ (su)
• Armenian: մարդ (hy) (mard)
• Aromanian: om (roa-rup)
• Assamese: মানুহ (manuh)
• Asturian: home (ast) m, humanu (ast) m, ser humanu (ast) m
• Atikamekw: iriniw
• Avar: чи (či), гӏадан (ʻadan), инсан (insan)
• Azerbaijani: insan (az), adam (az), kişi (az)
• Bashkir: кеше (keşe), әҙәм (əźəm), бәндә (bəndə)
• Basque: gizon (eu), gizaki
• Belarusian: чалаве́к (be) m (čalavjék), лю́дзі pl (ljúdzi) (plural)
• Bengali: মানুষ (bn) (manuś), মানব (bn) (manob), ইনসান (bn) (inośan)
• Berber:

  Kabyle: amdan

  Tashelhit: afgan m, bnadm m

• Bilua: maba
• Bislama: man
• Blagar: ne
• Bouyei: wenz
• Bulgarian: чове́к (bg) m (čovék), хо́ра (bg) pl (hóra) (plural), лю́де pl (ljúde) (plural, archaic)
• Burmese: လူ (my) (lu), မနုဿ (my) (ma.nu.ssa.), လူသား (my) (lusa:), ပုဂ္ဂိုလ် (my) (pugguil), လူ (my) (lu)
• Buryat: хүн (xün)
• Butuanon: tao
• Carpathian Rusyn: чолові́к m (čolovík)
• Catalan: home (ca) m, humà (ca) m, ésser humà m
• Catawba: ye
• Central Melanau: tenawan
• Chechen: адам (adam)
• Cherokee: ᏴᏫ (yvwi)
• Chichewa: munthu
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 人 (yue) (jan⁴), 人類／人类 (jan⁴ leoi⁶)

  Dungan: жын (řɨn)

  Eastern Min: 儂／侬 (nè̤ng), 人 (ìng), 人類／人类 (ìng-lôi)

  Hakka: 人類／人类 (ngìn-lui)

  Hokkien: 儂／侬 (zh-min-nan) (lâng)

  Mandarin: 人 (zh) (rén), 人類／人类 (zh) (rénlèi)

  Northern Min: 人 (nêng)

  Wu: 人類／人类

• Chukchi: о’равэтԓьан (o’ravėtḷʹan)
• Chuvash: ҫын (śyn), этем (et̬em), тӑнлӑ ҫын (tănlă ś̬yn)
• Coptic: ⲣⲱⲙⲉ (rōme)
• Crimean Tatar: adam, insan
• Czech: člověk (cs) m, lidská bytost f
• Dalmatian: jomno m
• Danish: menneske (da) n
• Darkinjung: kuri
• Dhivehi: އިންސާނުން (in̊sānun̊)
• Dutch: mens (nl) m
• Eastern Mari: айдеме (ajdeme), еҥ (jeŋ)
• Egyptian: (rmṯ)
• Emilian: òmen
• Erzya: ломань (lomań)
• Esperanto: homo (eo)
• Estonian: inimene (et)
• Evenki: иле (ile), бэе (bəje)
• Ewe: ame, amegbetɔ
• Extremaduran: please add this translation if you can
• Faroese: menniskja n or f, fólk n, maður (fo) m
• Finnish: ihminen (fi)
• Franco-Provençal: homo m, étre humen m, humen m
• French: homme (fr) m, être humain (fr) m, humain (fr) m
• Friulian: om m, omp m
• Galician: home (gl) m, humano (gl) m, ser humano (gl) m
• Ge'ez: ሰብእ (säbʾ)
• Georgian: კაცი (ka) (ḳaci), ადამიანი (ka) (adamiani)
• German: Mensch (de) m;, menschliches Wesen n
• Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 m (manna)
• Greek: άνθρωπος (el) m (ánthropos), ανθρώπινο ον n (anthrópino on)

  Ancient: ἄνθρωπος m (ánthrōpos)

• Guaraní: ava (gn)
• Gujarati: પુરુષ (gu) (puruṣ), મનુષ્ય (gu) m (manuṣya)
• Haitian Creole: moun
• Hausa: mutun (ha)
• Hawaiian: kanaka
• Hebrew: בֶּן אָדָם (he) m (ben adám) (literally "son of Adam"), אָדָם (he) m (ádam)
• Hiligaynon: tawo
• Hindi: मनुष्य (hi) (manuṣya), मानव (hi) m (mānav), इंसान m (insān), लोग (hi) pl (log), आदमी (hi) m (ādmī), आदम (hi) m (ādam), जन (hi) m (jan), बशर (hi) m (baśar), व्यक्ति (hi) m (vyakti), मानस (hi) m (mānas), मानुस (hi) m (mānus), मानुष (hi) m (mānuṣ)
• Hungarian: ember (hu)
• Hunsrik: Mensch m
• Iban: mensia
• Icelandic: manneskja (is) f, maður (is) m
• Ido: homo (io)
• Indonesian: orang (id), manusia (id), insan (id)
• Interlingua: homine (ia), esser human
• Inuktitut: ᐃᓄᒃ (iu) (inok)
• Irish: duine (ga) m

  Old Irish: duine m

• Isubu: motu
• Italian: uomo (it) m, umano (it) m, essere umano (it) m
• Japanese: 人 (ja) (ひと, hito), 人間 (ja) (にんげん, ningen), 人類 (ja) (じんるい, jinrui)
• Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦁ (jv) (wong), ꦠꦶꦪꦁ (jv) (tiyang), ꦩꦤꦸꦁꦱ (jv) (manungsa)
• Kaingang: ũn gré
• Kalmyk: күн (kün)
• Kannada: ಮಾನವ (kn) (mānava)
• Karachay-Balkar: адам (adam), киши (kişi)
• Karelian: ihmini
• Kashmiri: اِنسان (insān)
• Kashubian: (Slovincian) χlʉ̀ɵ̯p m, człowiek
• Kazakh: адам (kk) (adam), кісі (kısı)
• Khmer: មនុស្ស (km) (mɔnuh), ជគត (km) (cĕəʼkŭət), ជន (km) (cŭən), នរ (nɔɔ) (usually in compounds)
• Kikuyu: mũndũ class 1
• Komi-Permyak: морт (mort)
• Konkani: मनिषु (maniṣu)
• Korean: 사람 (ko) (saram), 인류(人類) (ko) (illyu), 인간(人間) (ko) (in'gan)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: مرۆڤ (ckb) (mrov), مردۆڤ (mirdov)

  Northern Kurdish: mirov (ku), insan (ku), mirov (ku)

• Kyrgyz: киши (ky) (kişi), адам (ky) (adam)
• Lakota: wičháša
• Lao: ມະນຸດ (lo) (ma nut), ຄົນ (lo) (khon)
• Latgalian: cylvāks m
• Latin: homō (la) m
• Latvian: cilvēks (lv) m
• Lezgi: инсан (insan), кас (kas)
• Ligurian: ommo m
• Lingala: moto
• Linngithigh: ma
• Lithuanian: žmogus (lt) m, žmonės (lt) pl
• Low German:

  German Low German: Minsch (nds) m, Mensch (nds) m

• Lü: ᦅᦳᧃ (kun)
• Luganda: omuntu class omu/aba
• Luxembourgish: Mënsch m
• Macedonian: човек (mk) m (čovek), луѓе pl (luǵe)
• Maguindanao: taw
• Malagasy: olombelona (mg)
• Malay: orang (ms), manusia (ms), insan (ms)
• Malayalam: മനുഷ്യൻ (ml) (manuṣyaṉ)
• Maltese: bniedem m (literally "son of Adam"), uman m
• Manchu: ᠨᡳᠶ᠋ᠠᠯᠮᠠ (niyalma)
• Maori: tangata (mi)
• Mapudungun: che
• Maranao: taw
• Marathi: मानव m (mānav), माणूस m (māṇūs)
• Maricopa: 'iipaa
• Minangkabau: urang (min)
• Mirandese: persona f, pessona f, houmano m
• Mòcheno: mènsch n, mènsch m
• Moksha: ломань (lomań)
• Mon: please add this translation if you can
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: хүн (mn) (xün)

  Mongolian: ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ (kümün)

• Nahuatl:

  Central: tlacatl

  Central Huasteca: tlakatl

  Classical: tlacatl

• Nanai: най (naj)
• Nandi: ap-chii
• Navajo: diné, bílaʼashdlaʼii
• Neapolitan: perzona f
• Nepali: मानव (ne) (mānav), मान्छे (mānche)
• Nivkh: нивх (ņivx)
• Nogai: аьдем (ädem)
• North Frisian: mansche, mensk m (Föhr-Amrum), karmen m (Föhr-Amrum), Man m (Sylt)
• Northern Thai: ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶ
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: menneske (no) n, mann (no) m

  Nynorsk: menneske n

• Odia: ମଣିଷ (or) (maṇisha)
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: чловѣкъ m (člověkŭ)

  Glagolitic: ⱍⰾⱁⰲⱑⰽⱏ m (člověkŭ)

• Old East Slavic: человѣкъ m (čelověkŭ)
• Old English: mann m
• Old Javanese: wwang
• Old Norse: maðr m
• Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃 (kis²i /⁠kiši⁠/)
• Orok: нари (nari)
• Ossetian: адӕймаг (adæjmag)
• Pali:

  Devanagari: नर m (nara)

  Latin: nara m, manussa m

  Thai: นะระ m (nara), มะนุสสะ m (manussa)

• Pannonian Rusyn: чловек m (človek)
• Papiamentu: hende
• Pashto: انسان (ps) (insān), بشري (ps) m or f (bašari), آدم m (ādam)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: اِنْسان (fa) (ensân), آدَم (fa) (âdam), آدَمی (fa) (âdami), خاکْزاد (fa) (xâkzâd), مَرْدُم (fa) (mardom), بَشَر (fa) (bašar), ^{(please verify)} مَشْیِه (mašye), ^{(please verify)} دوپای (dopây)

• Pipil: takat, tacat
• Pitjantjatjara: wati
• Plautdietsch: Mensch (nds) m
• Polabian: clåvăk m
• Polish: człowiek (pl) m pers, ludzie (pl) m pl (plural only), istota ludzka f
• Portuguese: homem (pt) m
• Punjabi: ਮਨੁੱਖ (manukkha)
• Quechua: runa (qu)
• Rapa Nui: tangata
• Rohingya: manúic
• Romagnol: òm m, òman m
• Romani: manuś m
• Romanian: om (ro) m
• Romansch: uman m
• Russian: челове́к (ru) m (čelovék), лю́ди (ru) m pl (ljúdi) (plural only)
• Saho: labha
• Samoan: tagata
• Sanskrit: मनुष्य (sa) m (manuṣya), मानव (sa) m (mānava), नृ (sa) m (nṛ), नर (sa) m (nara), जन (sa) m (jana)
• Sardinian: òmine m
• Scots: bodie (genus Homo), human (Homo sapiens)
• Scottish Gaelic: duine m
• Seimat: tel
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: човек m, човјек m, чо̏вјек m, људи pl (plural only)

  Roman: čovek (sh) m, čovjek (sh) m, ljudi (sh) pl (plural only)

• Shan: ၵူၼ်း (shn) (kúun)
• Sherpa: མི (mi)
• Silesian: czowjek m
• Sindhi: آدِمي (ādimī)
• Sinhalese: මිනිසා (si) (minisā)
• Slovak: človek (sk) m, ľudia (sk) m pl (plural only), ľudská bytosť f
• Slovene: človek (sl) m anim, ljudje m pl
• Somali: dad (so), aadame
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: cłowjek m, luź m

  Upper Sorbian: čłowjek m

• Southern Sierra Miwok: naŋŋaʔ
• Spanish: hombre (es) m, humano (es) m, ser humano (es) m
• Sranan Tongo: libisma
• Sundanese: manusa (su)
• Swahili: binadamu (sw)
• Swedish: människa (sv) f, människa (sv) c, mänska (sv) c
• Sylheti: ꠝꠣꠘꠥ (manu), ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡ (manuś), ꠝꠣꠘ (man)
• Tagalog: tao (tl)
• Tai Nüa: ᥐᥨᥢᥰ (kön)
• Tajik: инсон (tg) (inson), одам (tg) (odam), башар (bašar)
• Tamil: மனிதன் (ta) (maṉitaṉ), மனிதர் (ta) (maṉitar)
• Tarantino: omme m
• Tatar: инсан (tt) (insan), кеше (tt) (keşe), адәм (tt) (adäm)
• Tausug: tau
• Telugu: మనిషి (te) (maniṣi), మగవాడు (te) (magavāḍu)
• Thai: มนุษย์ (th) (má-nút), คน (th) (kon)
• Tibetan: འགྲོ་བ་མི ('gro ba mi), མི (mi), སྐྱེ་བོ (skye bo)
• Tocharian B: śaumo
• Tok Pisin: man
• Tongan: tangata
• Tooro: omuntu class 1
• Turkish: insan (tr), kişi (tr), adam (tr), beşer (tr) (archaic)
• Turkmen: ynsan, ynsaan, adam (tk), kişi
• Tuvaluan: tagata
• Udmurt: адями (aďami), мурт (murt)
• Ukrainian: люди́на (uk) f (ljudýna), лю́ди (uk) pl (ljúdy) (plural), чолові́к (uk) m (čolovík) (now usually means "man", "male human")
• Urdu: اِنْسان (ur) m (insān), آدْمی (ur) m (ādmī), مَنُشیَہ m (manuśya)
• Uyghur: ئىنسان (insan), ئادەم (ug) (adem)
• Uzbek: inson (uz), odam (uz), kishi (uz), bashar (uz)
• Venetan: òm (vec) m, òmo (vec) m
• Veps: ristit
• Vietnamese: người (vi), con người (vi), loài người (vi)
• Vilamovian: menś m
• Volapük: men (vo)
• Votic: inimin
• Vurës: atm̄ēn
• Wallisian: tagata
• Walloon: djin (wa) m, ome (wa) m (not recommended)
• Wauja: enoja
• Welsh: dyn (cy) m
• West Frisian: minske (fy) c
• Winnebago: wąk
• Wolof: nit (wo)
• Xhosa: umntu
• Yakut: киһи (kihi)
• Yiddish: מענטש m (mentsh), מענטשנקינד n (mentshnkind)
• Yoruba: ènìyàn
• Yucatec Maya: wíinik
• Zazaki: insan (diq), merdım (diq)
• Zealandic: mense m
• Zhuang: vunz
• Zou: mi
• Zulu: umuntu (zu) class 1/2
• Zuojiang Zhuang: koenz

Verb

human (third-person singular simple present humans, present participle humaning or humanning, simple past and past participle humaned or humanned)

1. (rare) To behave as or become, or to cause to behave as or become, a human.
   • 1911, Ambrose Bierce, “Music”, in The collected works of Ambrose Bierce, volume 9, page 362:

     […] he sought to charm a single pair of ears, and those more hairy than critical. Later, as the race went on humaning, there grew complexity of sentiment and varying emotional needs, […]

   • 2013, Biosocial Becomings, →ISBN, page 19:

     There are, then, many ways of humaning: these are the ways along which we make ourselves and, collaboratively, one another.

Further reading

• human on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “human”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “human”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “human”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

• Nahum

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: hu‧man

Verb

human

1. to finish

Adjective

human

1. completed; done

Adverb

human

1. after

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:human.

Danish

Adjective

human

1. human (having the nature or attributes of a human being)

   Synonym: menneskelig

2. humane (something done from love to humanity)

Inflection

Inflection of human

	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	human	—	—2
indefinite neuter singular	humant	—	—2
plural	humane	—	—2
definite attributive1	humane	—	—

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /huˈmaːn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːn

Adjective

human (strong nominative masculine singular humaner, comparative humaner, superlative am humansten)

1. humane

   Synonym: menschlich

Declension

Positive forms of human

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist human	sie ist human	es ist human	sie sind human
strong declension (without article)	nominative	humaner	humane	humanes	humane
	genitive	humanen	humaner	humanen	humaner
	dative	humanem	humaner	humanem	humanen
	accusative	humanen	humane	humanes	humane
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der humane	die humane	das humane	die humanen
	genitive	des humanen	der humanen	des humanen	der humanen
	dative	dem humanen	der humanen	dem humanen	den humanen
	accusative	den humanen	die humane	das humane	die humanen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein humaner	eine humane	ein humanes	(keine) humanen
	genitive	eines humanen	einer humanen	eines humanen	(keiner) humanen
	dative	einem humanen	einer humanen	einem humanen	(keinen) humanen
	accusative	einen humanen	eine humane	ein humanes	(keine) humanen

Comparative forms of human

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist humaner	sie ist humaner	es ist humaner	sie sind humaner
strong declension (without article)	nominative	humanerer	humanere	humaneres	humanere
	genitive	humaneren	humanerer	humaneren	humanerer
	dative	humanerem	humanerer	humanerem	humaneren
	accusative	humaneren	humanere	humaneres	humanere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der humanere	die humanere	das humanere	die humaneren
	genitive	des humaneren	der humaneren	des humaneren	der humaneren
	dative	dem humaneren	der humaneren	dem humaneren	den humaneren
	accusative	den humaneren	die humanere	das humanere	die humaneren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein humanerer	eine humanere	ein humaneres	(keine) humaneren
	genitive	eines humaneren	einer humaneren	eines humaneren	(keiner) humaneren
	dative	einem humaneren	einer humaneren	einem humaneren	(keinen) humaneren
	accusative	einen humaneren	eine humanere	ein humaneres	(keine) humaneren

Superlative forms of human

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist am humansten	sie ist am humansten	es ist am humansten	sie sind am humansten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	humanster	humanste	humanstes	humanste
	genitive	humansten	humanster	humansten	humanster
	dative	humanstem	humanster	humanstem	humansten
	accusative	humansten	humanste	humanstes	humanste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der humanste	die humanste	das humanste	die humansten
	genitive	des humansten	der humansten	des humansten	der humansten
	dative	dem humansten	der humansten	dem humansten	den humansten
	accusative	den humansten	die humanste	das humanste	die humansten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein humanster	eine humanste	ein humanstes	(keine) humansten
	genitive	eines humansten	einer humansten	eines humansten	(keiner) humansten
	dative	einem humansten	einer humansten	einem humansten	(keinen) humansten
	accusative	einen humansten	eine humanste	ein humanstes	(keine) humansten

Related terms

• Humanismus
• Humanist
• humanistisch

Further reading

• “human” in Duden online
• “human” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Interlingua

Adjective

human (comparative plus human, superlative le plus human)

1. human
2. humane

Derived terms

• esser human

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈhuman/

Verb

human

1. first-person singular present indicative of hupmat (“speak, talk”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin hūmānus.

Adjective

human (neuter singular humant, definite singular and plural humane)

1. humane

References

• “human” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin hūmānus.

Adjective

human (neuter singular humant, definite singular and plural humane)

1. humane

References

• “human” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romansch

Etymology

From Latin hūmānus.

Adjective

human m (feminine singular humana, masculine plural humans, feminine plural humanas)

1. (Sursilvan) human

Alternative forms

• uman (Rumantsch Grischun, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader)
• umaun (Puter)

Noun

human m (plural humans; feminine humana, plural humanas)

1. (Sursilvan) (male) human being

   Synonym: carstgaun

Alternative forms

• uman (Rumantsch Grischun, Surmiran, Vallader)
• umaun (Puter)

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xûmaːn/
• Hyphenation: hu‧man

Adjective

hȕmān (Cyrillic spelling ху̏ма̄н, definite hȕmānī, comparative humaniji)

1. humane (with regard for the health and well-being of another; compassionate)

Declension

positive indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		human	humana	humano
genitive		humana	humane	humana
dative		humanu	humanoj	humanu
accusative	inanimate animate	human humana	humanu	humano
vocative		human	humana	humano
locative		humanu	humanoj	humanu
instrumental		humanim	humanom	humanim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		humani	humane	humana
genitive		humanih	humanih	humanih
dative		humanim(a)	humanim(a)	humanim(a)
accusative		humane	humane	humana
vocative		humani	humane	humana
locative		humanim(a)	humanim(a)	humanim(a)
instrumental		humanim(a)	humanim(a)	humanim(a)

positive definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		humani	humana	humano
genitive		humanog(a)	humane	humanog(a)
dative		humanom(u/e)	humanoj	humanom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	humani humanog(a)	humanu	humano
vocative		humani	humana	humano
locative		humanom(e/u)	humanoj	humanom(e/u)
instrumental		humanim	humanom	humanim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		humani	humane	humana
genitive		humanih	humanih	humanih
dative		humanim(a)	humanim(a)	humanim(a)
accusative		humane	humane	humana
vocative		humani	humane	humana
locative		humanim(a)	humanim(a)	humanim(a)
instrumental		humanim(a)	humanim(a)	humanim(a)

comparative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		humaniji	humanija	humanije
genitive		humanijeg(a)	humanije	humanijeg(a)
dative		humanijem(u)	humanijoj	humanijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	humaniji humanijeg(a)	humaniju	humanije
vocative		humaniji	humanija	humanije
locative		humanijem(u)	humanijoj	humanijem(u)
instrumental		humanijim	humanijom	humanijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		humaniji	humanije	humanija
genitive		humanijih	humanijih	humanijih
dative		humanijim(a)	humanijim(a)	humanijim(a)
accusative		humanije	humanije	humanija
vocative		humaniji	humanije	humanija
locative		humanijim(a)	humanijim(a)	humanijim(a)
instrumental		humanijim(a)	humanijim(a)	humanijim(a)

superlative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najhumaniji	najhumanija	najhumanije
genitive		najhumanijeg(a)	najhumanije	najhumanijeg(a)
dative		najhumanijem(u)	najhumanijoj	najhumanijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najhumaniji najhumanijeg(a)	najhumaniju	najhumanije
vocative		najhumaniji	najhumanija	najhumanije
locative		najhumanijem(u)	najhumanijoj	najhumanijem(u)
instrumental		najhumanijim	najhumanijom	najhumanijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najhumaniji	najhumanije	najhumanija
genitive		najhumanijih	najhumanijih	najhumanijih
dative		najhumanijim(a)	najhumanijim(a)	najhumanijim(a)
accusative		najhumanije	najhumanije	najhumanija
vocative		najhumaniji	najhumanije	najhumanija
locative		najhumanijim(a)	najhumanijim(a)	najhumanijim(a)
instrumental		najhumanijim(a)	najhumanijim(a)	najhumanijim(a)

Spanish

Verb

human

1. third-person plural present indicative of humar

Swedish

Adjective

human

1. humane, decent, compassionate

   Deras politik har kritiserats för att inte vara human.

   Their politics have been criticised for being less than humane.

2. (of prices) reasonable

   Det var ett humant pris.

   That was a reasonable price.

Declension

Inflection of human

Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative1
common singular	human	humanare	humanast
neuter singular	humant	humanare	humanast
plural	humana	humanare	humanast
masculine plural2	humane	humanare	humanast
Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular3	humane	humanare	humanaste
all	humana	humanare	humanaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.