eschiver

Old French

Alternative forms

• eschivre, eschever, eschewer

Etymology

From Frankish *skiuhan (“to dread, shun, avoid”).

Verb

eschiver

1. to escape; to flee
   • c. 1180,, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette, lines 6669–6670:

     Et ce ne volsist ele pas.
     Por ce eschive les max pas "Because he eschewed the bad places"

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. to avoid
   • c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci commence le miracle de Théophile:

     Mes il s'est en si haut leu mis
     Por eschiver ses anemis

     But he's put himself in such a high place
     to avoid his enemies

3. to refuse; to deny

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-v, *-vs, *-vt are modified to f, s, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of eschiver (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		eschiver			avoir eschivé
gerund		en eschivant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		eschivant
past participle		eschivé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	eschif	eschives	eschive	eschivons	eschivez	eschivent
	imperfect	eschivoie, eschiveie, eschivoe, eschiveve	eschivoies, eschiveies, eschivoes, eschiveves	eschivoit, eschiveit, eschivot, eschiveve	eschiviiens, eschiviens	eschiviiez, eschiviez	eschivoient, eschiveient, eschivoent, eschivevent
	preterite	eschivai	eschivas	eschiva	eschivames	eschivastes	eschiverent
	future	eschiverai	eschiveras	eschivera	eschiverons	eschiveroiz, eschivereiz, eschiverez	eschiveront
	conditional	eschiveroie, eschivereie	eschiveroies, eschivereies	eschiveroit, eschivereit	eschiveriiens, eschiveriens	eschiveriiez, eschiveriez	eschiveroient, eschivereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	eschif	eschis	eschit	eschivons	eschivez	eschivent
	imperfect	eschivasse	eschivasses	eschivast	eschivissons, eschivissiens	eschivissoiz, eschivissez, eschivissiez	eschivassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	eschive	—	eschivons	eschivez	—

Related terms

• eschivance
• eschivable
• eschivee
• eschivement

Descendants

• Middle French: eschever, eschiver, eschiever
• → Middle English: eschewen, echue, eþchewe, escheewe, escheu, eschew, eschewe, eschu, eschue, eschuen, eschuie, eschuwe, eschywe, esshew, exchewe
  • English: eschew
• → Middle English: skewen, skewe
  • English: skew
  • Scots: skew, skyow
• → Italian: schivare
• → Portuguese: esquivar
• → Old Occitan: esquivar
  • Catalan: esquivar
  • Occitan: esquivar
• → Spanish: esquivar
  • → French: esquiver

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (eschiver)