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電

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 电
電 U+96FB, 電
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96FB
← 雺
[U+96FA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 雼 →
[U+96FC]

Translingual

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Stroke order
13 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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電 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月田山 (MBWU), four-corner 10716, composition ⿱⻗⿻日乚(GTJKV) or ⿱⻗⿻日㇄(H))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1373, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42253
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1882, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4060, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+96FB

Chinese

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trad. 電
simp. 电
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
電 *l'iːns
胂 *l̥ʰin, *hlin
申 *hlin
伸 *hlin
呻 *hlin
紳 *hlin
眒 *hlin, *hlins
柛 *hlin
訷 *hlin
抻 *hlins
神 *hlin
朄 *lins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'iːns) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 申 (OC *hlin); also ideogrammic (會意／会意) : 雨 + 申 (“lightning”).

Etymology

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Sino-Tibetan or area word; compare Proto-Mien *liŋ (“lightning”), Chepang प्‍लीङ्‌हसा (pliŋh‑, “to flash; to shine brightly”) (Benedict, 1976; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • diang6 - Shantou;
  • diêng6 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 電
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 堂練切
Baxter denH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/denH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/denH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɛnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dɛnH/
Li
Rong 		/denH/
Wang
Li 		/dienH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱienH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		diàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		din6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 電
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		diàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ denH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁi[n]-s/
English lightning

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 電
Reading # 1/1
No. 11233
Phonetic
component 		申
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		電
Old
Chinese 		/*l'iːns/

Definitions

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電

電

  1. (uncountable) lightning
    閃電／闪电  ―  shǎndiàn  ―  lightning
    電閃雷鳴／电闪雷鸣  ―  diànshǎnléimíng  ―  lightning flashes and thunder rumbles
  2. (uncountable) electric power or energy; electricity [from late 19th c.]
    我手機沒電了。／我手机没电了。  ―  Wǒ shǒujī méi diàn le.  ―  My phone is dead.
    我屋企而家冇電。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我屋企而家冇电。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 uk1 kei2 ji4 gaa1 mou5 din6. [Jyutping]
    The power at my place is currently out.
    我電腦冇電喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我电脑冇电喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 din6 nou5 mou5 din6 laa3. [Jyutping]
    My computer is dead.
  3. electric; electrical
    電腦／电脑  ―  diànnǎo  ―  computer (literally, “electric brain”)
  4. (dialectal, countable) battery (Classifier: 粒 c; 嚿 c)
  5. (colloquial, uncountable) romantic attraction; chemistry
  6. Short for 電話／电话 (diànhuà, “telephone; phone call”).
  7. Short for 電報／电报 (diànbào, “telegram”).
    唁電／唁电  ―  yàndiàn  ―  telegram of condolence
    新華社北京1月1日電 [MSC, trad.]
    新华社北京1月1日电 [MSC, simp.]
    xīnhuáshè běijīng 1 yuè 1 rì diàn [Pinyin]
    Telegram by Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, 1 January
  8. Short for 電臺／电台 (diàntái, “broadcasting station; radio station”).
  9. (transitive) to give an electric shock to
  10. (figuratively, of a person) energy
  11. to make a telephone call
  12. to send a telegram
  13. † fast; speedy

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 閃電 (“lightning”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 電, 霍閃
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 閃電
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 閃
Taiwan 閃電
Harbin 閃
Singapore 閃電
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 閃
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 閃
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 閃, 忽閃
Wanrong 霍閃
Wanrong (Ronghe) 閃電
Xi'an 閃電
Xining 閃電
Xuzhou 閃
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 火閃
Lanzhou 閃
Ürümqi 閃電
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 火閃, 閃, 閃電
Wuhan 霍
Guiyang 火閃, 閃
Liuzhou 閃
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 閃, 閃電
Yangzhou 閃
Nantong 霍閃, 霍響
Hefei 閃
Cantonese Guangzhou 閃電
Hong Kong 閃電
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 天攝
Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka) 天攝
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 天霎
Zhuhai (Doumen) 閃電
Taishan 天霎, 閃電
Dongguan 閃電
Yangjiang 天霎
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 閃電
Gan Nanchang 霍閃
Pengze 掣霍
Lichuan 劃閃焰
Hakka Meixian 火蛇, 火蛇仔
Dabu (Xihe) 𥍉爧
Dabu (Taoyuan) 𥍉爧
Dabu (Gaobei) 𥍉爧
Fengshun (Tangkeng) 𥍉爧
Fengshun (Fengliang) 火蛇
Fengshun (Pantian) 𥍉爧
Huidong (Daling) 火蛇
Zijin 火蛇
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 火蛇子
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 𥍉電
Changting 𥍉電
Wuping 雷公刀子
Wuping (Pingyu) 火蛇子, 雷公刀子
Liancheng 雷焰刀
Liancheng (Peitian) 雷影, 雷火
Ninghua 焰火索
Yudu 閃
Ruijin 閃光
Shicheng 打焰
Shangyou (Shexi) 火閃
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 𥍉爧
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 𥍉爧
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 𥍉爧
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 𥍉爧
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 𥍉爧
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 𥍉爧
Hong Kong 火蛇𥍉
Lipu (Shuangduitun) 火蛇
Lipu (Dashigu) 閃電
Guidong 雷火閃
Sabah (Huiyang) 火蛇𥍉
Kuala Lumpur (Huiyang) 火蛇𥍉
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 𥍉電
Senai (Huiyang) 火蛇𥍉
Huizhou Jixi 月扇
Shexian 日閃, 熱扇
Huangshan (Tunxi) 閃電
Xiuning 打閃閃
Yixian 閃展
Wuyuan 火線
Chun'an (Qiandaohu) 霍閃
Chun'an (Jiangjia) 霍閃
Jiande (Meicheng) 霍閃
Jiande (Shouchang) 霍閃
Jin Taiyuan 閃
Xinzhou 閃
Jiuxing Yumin Jiande 霍線
Jinhua 霍閃
Lanxi 霍閃
Tunxi 火線
Northern Min Jian'ou 焰刀
Pucheng (Shibei) 火焰刀
Eastern Min Fuzhou 亮線
Fuzhou (Changle) 亮線
Fuqing 㸎㸎
Yongtai 亮線
Gutian 亮線
Fu'an 雷爍
Ningde 雷爍
Shouning 雷爍
Zhouning 雷爍
Fuding 雷爍
Southern Min Xiamen 爍爁
Xiamen (Tong'an) 爍爁
Quanzhou 䟙掣, 䟙爁, 䟙媽, 䟙光, 相爁電
Jinjiang 䟙爁
Yongchun 雷婆
Zhangzhou 爍爁
Taipei 搉爍爁
New Taipei (Sanxia) 爍爁
Kaohsiung 閃電, 爍爁
Yilan 閃電, 爍爁
Changhua (Lukang) 爍爁
Taichung 爍爁
Tainan 閃電, 爍爁
Hsinchu 爍爁
Kinmen 爍爁
Penghu (Magong) 爍爁
Penang (Hokkien) 爍爁
Singapore (Hokkien) 爍爁
Manila (Hokkien) 䟙爁, 䟙掣, 閃電
Chaozhou 閃電
Shantou 阿公睨目
Jieyang 阿公睨目
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 閃電
Pontianak (Teochew) 雷公睨目
Wenchang 焱爍
Haikou 焱爍
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 雷公閃電
Wu Shanghai 霍閃, 閃電
Shanghai (Chongming) 霍閃
Suzhou 霍閃
Danyang 霍閃
Hangzhou 霍閃
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 霍閃
Ningbo 龍光閃, 龍山
Wenzhou 爍龍, 爍電
Jinhua 火閃
Jinhua (Tangxi) 火閃
Yongkang 霍閃
Pujiang 霍閃
Dongyang 火閃
Pan'an 霍閃
Wuyi 霍閃
Lanxi 霍閃
Xiang Changsha 閃, 閃子
Loudi 霍閃, 上水
Shuangfeng 霍閃
Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) 火閃, 閃
Dialectal synonyms of 電池 (“battery”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 電池
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 電池
Taiwan 電池
Chengde 電池
Chifeng 電池
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 電池
Heihe 電池
Qiqihar 電池
Harbin 電池
Jiamusi 電池
Baicheng 電池
Changchun 電池
Tonghua 電池
Shenyang 電池
Jinzhou 電池
Singapore 電池
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 電池
Tangshan 電池, 電石
Cangzhou 電池
Baoding 電池
Shijiazhuang 電池
Lijin 電, 電池
Jinan 電池, 電石
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 電池
Dandong 電池
Yantai 電池
Qingdao 電池
Zhucheng 電池
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 電池
Jining 電池
Linfen 電池
Shangqiu 電池
Yuanyang 電池
Zhengzhou 電池
Xinyang 電池
Baihe 電池
Xi'an 電池
Baoji 電池
Tianshui 電池
Xining 電池
Xuzhou 電池
Fuyang 電池
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 電池
Lanzhou 電池
Dunhuang 電池
Hami 電池
Ürümqi 電池
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 電池
Nanchong 電池
Dazhou 電池
Hanyuan 電池
Xichang 電池
Zigong 電池
Chongqing 電池
Wuhan 電池
Yichang 電池
Xiangyang 電池
Tianmen 電池
Guiyang 電池
Zunyi 電池
Bijie 電池
Liping 電池, 電油
Zhaotong 電池
Dali 電池
Kunming 電池
Mengzi 電池
Guilin 電池
Liuzhou 電池, 電油
Jishou 電池, 電油
Changde 電藥
Hanzhong 電池
Kokang 電油
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 電池
Yangzhou 電池
Lianyungang 電池
Lianshui 電, 電池
Nantong 電池
Anqing 電池
Wuhu 電池
Hefei 電池
Hong'an 電池
Mandarin Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) 電塗
Nanping (Yanping) 電油
Cantonese Guangzhou 電池, 電芯
Hong Kong 電芯, 電池, 電
Taishan 電芯
Taishan (Guanghai) 電池
Kaiping (Chikan) 電芯
Dongguan 電芯
Mandalay (Taishan) 電池
Gan Nanchang 電池
Lichuan 電池
Pingxiang 電池, 電藥 dated
Hakka Meixian 電泥, 電芯
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 電芯
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 電池
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 電池, 電池仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 電池
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 電池
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 電池
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 電藥
Huizhou Jixi 電
Shexian 電池
Jin Taiyuan 電池
Yangyuan 電池
Datong 電池
Xinzhou 電, 電池
Lüliang (Lishi) 電池
Changzhi 電池
Linhe 電池
Jining 電池
Hohhot 電池
Erenhot 電池
Pingshan 電, 電池
Zhangjiakou 電池
Handan 電池
Linzhou 電池
Suide 電池, 電油
Northern Min Jian'ou 電泥
Songxi 電泥
Jianyang 電泥
Pucheng (Shibei) 電炭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 電塗
Gutian 電塗
Ningde 電塗
Zhouning 電塗
Fuding 電塗
Southern Min Xiamen 電塗, 電池
Quanzhou 電塗, 電池
Yongchun 電塗
Zhangzhou 電塗, 電池
Zhangpu 電塗
Zhao'an 電塗
New Taipei (Tamsui) 電池
New Taipei (Pingxi) 電池
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 電池
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 電池
Yilan 電池
Tainan 電池
Tainan (Anping) 電池
Penghu (Xiyu) 電池
Singapore (Hokkien) 電塗
Manila (Hokkien) 電塗
Longyan 電油, 電塗
Datian 電塗
Shantou 電塗
Jieyang 電塗
Phnom Penh (Teochew) 電塗
Puxian Min Putian 電塗
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 電塗
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 電塗
Xianyou 電塗
Xianyou (Fengting) 電塗
Xianyou (Youyang) 電塗
Fuding (Aoyao) 電塗
Central Min Yong'an 電油
Sanming (Shaxian) 電泥
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 電芯
Wu Shanghai 電池
Suzhou 電
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 電油
Jinhua 電油
Jinhua (Tangxi) 電燈油

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Bouyei: dianq (“electricity”)
  • → Lü: ᦶᦎᧃᧈ (ṫaen¹, “electricity”)
  • → Tai Nüa: ᥖᥦᥢᥱ (tǎen, “electricity”)
  • → Zhuang: den (“electricity”)

References

[edit]
  • “電”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “电”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 141.
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “电”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 51.

Japanese

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Kanji

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電

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. lightning
  2. electricity

Readings

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  • Go-on: でん (den, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: てん (ten)
  • Kun: いなずま (inazuma, 電)

Compounds

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Compounds

Definitions

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Kanji in this term
電
いなずま
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 電 – see the following entry.
【稲妻いなずま】
[noun] lightning, a lightning bolt
Alternative spelling
いなづま
(This term, 電, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 電 (MC denH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 뗜〮 (Yale: ttyén)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 번〮게〮 (Yale: pénkéy) 뎐〯 (Yale: tyěn)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕɘ(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [전(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

電 (eumhun 번개 전 (beon'gae jeon))

  1. hanja form? of 전 (“electricity; electric”) [affix]

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

電: Hán Việt readings: điện[1][2][3][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of điện (“lightning, electricity”).

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Trần (2004).
  2. ^ Trần (1999).
  3. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  4. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
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