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堂

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 常
堂 U+5802, 堂
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5802
← 堁
[U+5801] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 堃 →
[U+5803]

Translingual

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Han character

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堂 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火月口土 (FBRG), four-corner 90104, composition ⿱𫩠土)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 231, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5207
  • Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 452, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5802

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 堂
2nd round simp. 坣

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 堂
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
當 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
襠 *taːŋ
鐺 *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ
簹 *taːŋ
璫 *taːŋ
檔 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
儅 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
蟷 *taːŋ
擋 *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs
黨 *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ
讜 *taːŋʔ
欓 *taːŋʔ
譡 *taːŋs
闣 *taːŋs
瓽 *taːŋs
鏜 *tʰaːŋ
闛 *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ
鼞 *tʰaːŋ
曭 *tʰaːŋʔ
儻 *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs
戃 *tʰaːŋʔ
矘 *tʰaːŋʔ
爣 *tʰaːŋʔ
攩 *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌 *tʰaːŋʔ
倘 *tʰaːŋʔ
躺 *tʰaːŋʔ
趟 *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂 *daːŋ
坣 *daːŋ
棠 *daːŋ
糛 *daːŋ
螳 *daːŋ
隚 *daːŋ
橖 *daːŋ
掌 *tjaŋʔ
廠 *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs
敞 *tʰjaŋʔ
僘 *tʰjaŋʔ
氅 *tʰjaŋʔ
常 *djaŋ
嘗 *djaŋ
裳 *djaŋ
徜 *djaŋ
尚 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
甞 *djaŋ
鋿 *djaŋ
嫦 *djaŋ
償 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
賞 *hjaŋʔ
瞠 *rtʰaːŋ
撐 *rtʰaːŋ
樘 *rtʰaːŋ
橕 *rtʰaːŋ
牚 *rtʰaːŋs
埫 *tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːŋ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 土. But the component 向 actually represents a house.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • tong4-2 - “room or building for a specific purpose; shop; store; mother”.
Note: hong3* - “room or building for a specific purpose”.
Note:
  • dung2/dng2 - vernacular;
  • dorng2 - literary.
Note:
  • tn̂g - colloquial;
  • tông - literary.
Note:
  • deng5 - vernacular;
  • tang5 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 堂
Mandarin Beijing /tʰɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /tʰɑŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /tʰaŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /tʰaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tʰaŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Xining /tɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰɑŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /tʰɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /tʰɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /tʰaŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /tʰaŋ³¹/
Guiyang /tʰaŋ²¹/
Kunming /tʰã̠³¹/
Nanjing /tʰaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /tʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /tʰɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /tʰɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /dɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /dɑ̃¹³/
Hangzhou /dɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /duɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /tʰa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /tau⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /tan¹³/
Xiangtan /dɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /tʰoŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /tʰoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Nanning /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /tʰɔŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tɔŋ³⁵/
/tŋ̍³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /touŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/
/tɯŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /haŋ³¹/
/ʔdo³¹/
Rime
Character 堂
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒郎切
Baxter dang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/daŋ/
Li
Rong 		/dɑŋ/
Wang
Li 		/dɑŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		táng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tong4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 堂
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		táng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[d]ˁaŋ/
English hall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 堂
Reading # 1/1
No. 11138
Phonetic
component 		尚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		唐
Old
Chinese 		/*daːŋ/

Definitions

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堂

  1. main room of a house
  2. (historical) courtroom in a yamen
  3. room or building for a specific purpose; hall; chamber
    教堂  ―  jiàotáng  ―  church
    祠堂  ―  cítáng  ―  ancestral hall
  4. hall (used in the name of halls, sometimes specifying lineage)
    江夏堂  ―  Jiāngxià Táng  ―  Jiangxia Hall (an ancestral hall of the surname Huang)
  5. shop; store (in traditional store names)
    同仁堂  ―  Tóngrén Táng  ―  Tong Ren Tang
    位元堂 [Cantonese]  ―  wai6 jyun4 tong4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  Wai Yuen Tong
  6. (dialectal) class; lesson
    上堂 [Cantonese]  ―  soeng5 tong4 [Jyutping]  ―  to attend class
    數學堂／数学堂 [Cantonese]  ―  sou3 hok6 tong4 [Jyutping]  ―  maths lesson
    八半堂 [Cantonese]  ―  baat3 bun3 tong4 [Jyutping]  ―  8:30 am class
  7. of the same paternal grandfather or great-grandfather
  8. (honorific) mother
  9. Classifier for sets of furniture.
    一堂家具  ―  yī táng jiājù  ―  a set of furniture
  10. Classifier for classes or lessons.
    一堂課／一堂课  ―  yī táng kè  ―  a lesson
    一堂道  ―  yī táng dào  ―  a sermon
  11. Classifier for court sessions.
  12. Classifier for scenes or murals.
  13. (Cantonese) Classifier for eyebrows.
  14. (Cantonese) Classifier for tools that are hung when in use.
    一堂梯 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 tong4 tai1 [Jyutping]  ―  a ladder
  15. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 架 (“(classifier for ladders)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 架
Cantonese Guangzhou 堂
Hong Kong 堂, 條
Southern Min Jieyang 張
Dialectal synonyms of 頂 (“(classifier for canopies, mosquito nets, etc.)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 頂, 床, 個
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 頂
Central Plains Mandarin Xuzhou 頂
Southwestern Mandarin Liuzhou 頂
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 頂
Cantonese Guangzhou 堂
Dongguan 堂
Gan Lichuan 頂
Southern Min Jieyang 領, 個
Wu Shanghai 頂
Shanghai (Chongming) 頂
Suzhou 頂
Danyang 頂
Hangzhou 頂
Wenzhou 頂

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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堂

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Noun

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堂(どう) • (dō) 

  1. temple
  2. shrine
  3. hall

Prefix

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堂(どう) • (dō-) 

  1. magnificent (building)

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

堂 (eumhun 집 당 (jip dang))

  1. hanja form? of 당 (“main room; room for a specific purpose”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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堂: Hán Nôm readings: đường, đoàng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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