釋

See also: 釈 and 释

釋	U+91CB, 釋 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91CB

← 释
[U+91CA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

里 →
[U+91CC]

Translingual

Traditional	釋
Shinjitai	釈
Simplified	释

Han character

釋 (Kangxi radical 165, 釆+13, 20 strokes, cangjie input 竹木田中十 (HDWLJ), four-corner 2694₁, composition ⿰釆睪)

Derived characters

𡅵𨰪

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1290, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40129
Dae Jaweon: page 1791, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3900, character 6
Unihan data for U+91CB

Chinese

trad.		釋
simp.		释

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (睪) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
斁	ʔl'aːɡs, l'aːɡs, *laːɡ
籜	*l̥ʰaːɡ
蘀	*l̥ʰaːɡ
鐸	*l'aːɡ
凙	*l'aːɡ
襗	l'aːɡ, rlaːɡ, *laːɡ
擇	*rlaːɡ
澤	*rlaːɡ
鸅	*rlaːɡ
蠌	*rlaːɡ
檡	rlaːɡ, hljaɡ
釋	*hljaɡ
繹	*laːɡ
睪	neb, laːɡ, *kuː
譯	*laːɡ
嶧	*laːɡ
懌	*laːɡ
驛	*laːɡ
醳	*laːɡ
圛	*laːɡ
墿	*laːɡ
燡	*laːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljaɡ) : semantic 釆 (“distinguish”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).

Etymology

Buddhist monastic surname

Popularized by Dao'an as a common surname for all Buddhist monastics by taking the first character of Śākyamuni Buddha's transliterated Chinese name, 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní).

初魏晉沙門依師為姓，故姓各不同，安以為大師之本，莫尊釋迦，乃以釋命氏。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
初魏晋沙门依师为姓，故姓各不同，安以为大师之本，莫尊释迦，乃以释命氏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: 高僧傳

Chū Wèi Jìn shāmén yī shī wèi xìng, gù xìng gè bùtóng, Ān yǐwèi dàshī zhī běn, mò zūn Shìjiā, nǎi yǐ Shì mìng shì. [Pinyin]

At the beginning of the Wei and Jin, śramaṇas all took their surname from their teachers, and thus their surnames were all different. Dao'an believed that the archetype of all great teachers could not be anyone other than Śākya[muni], and thus gave Shi as their lineage.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sik¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳt
Northern Min (KCR): sĭ
Eastern Min (BUC): sék
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sek

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêg⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷seq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shì
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
  - Wade–Giles: shih⁴
  - Yale: shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sik¹
  - Yale: sīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: xig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳt
  - Hakka Romanization System: siid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
  - Tâi-lô: sik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: seg
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sek̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷seq
  - MiniDict: seh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴seq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /səʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: syek

Rime
Character	釋
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	施隻切
Baxter	syek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiajk̚/
Li Rong	/ɕiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/ɕĭɛk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥Ak/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljaɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	釋
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ syek ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥Ak/
English	release; dissolve
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	釋
Reading #	1/1
No.	15134
Phonetic component	睪
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	釋
Old Chinese	/*hljaɡ/

Definitions

釋

to explain; to elucidate
to release
(Buddhism) Short for 釋迦牟尼／释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní, “Shakyamuni”).
21st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "release, freedom" (𝌚)
a surname (customarily adopted by Buddhist monks and nuns upon their ordination)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (釋):

→ Japanese: 釈(しゃく) (shaku)
→ Korean: 석(釋) (seok)
→ Vietnamese: Thích (釋)

Japanese

Shinjitai	釈
Kyūjitai	釋

Kanji

釋

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 釈)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
Kan-on: せき (seki)
Kun: とく (toku, 釋く)、すてる (suteru, 釋てる)、ゆるす (yurusu, 釋す)

Korean

Hanja

釋 • (seok) (hangeul 석)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

釋: Hán Nôm readings: thích

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.