urgeo

Latin

Alternative forms

• urgueō

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *worɣēō, from Proto-Indo-European *w(o)rǵʰ-eye-, from *werǵʰ- (“bind, squeeze”) (compare German würgen (“to strangle”), Lithuanian ver̃žti (“to string, tighten, constrict”), Russian отверга́ть (otvergátʹ, “to reject”), Polish otwierać (“to open”), English worry, wring, wreak, wreck.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈur.ɡe.oː/, [ˈʊrɡeoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈur.d͡ʒe.o/, [ˈurd͡ʒeo]

Verb

urgeō (present infinitive urgēre, perfect active ursī); second conjugation, no supine stem

1. to press, push, force, drive, urge, stimulate

   Synonyms: stimulō, īnstīgō, īnstinguō, exciō, irrītō, sollicitō, concieō, excitō, concitō, impellō, īnflammō, cieō, incendō, moveō, mōlior, adhortor, ērigō

   Antonyms: domō, lēniō, sōpiō, sēdō, dēlēniō, restinguō, plācō, coerceō, mītigō, commītigō, ēlevō, levō, allevō, alleviō

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.858:

     Mārsque citōs iūnctīs curribus urget equōs

     and Mars, with chariots harnessed, drives swift horses
     (Translations of Ovid's Fasti, by H.T. Riley, James G. Frazer, and Anne and Peter Wiseman, all give Mars one harnessed or yoked chariot in the singular; however, ‘‘iunctis curribus’’ is plural. The plural seems appropriate if the poet’s meaning is understood to be that of Mars menacing with an army of charioteers. Ovid’s verse is an imaginative segue as he closes his book on February and introduces the month of March, named in honor of the war god.)

2. to weigh down, burden, oppress

   Synonyms: opprimō, sepeliō, supprimō, premō

3. to crowd, hem in, confine

   Synonyms: inclūdō, claudō, coerceō, arceō, minuō

Conjugation

• The perfect forms are shared with urgueō.

Conjugation of urgeō (second conjugation, no supine stem)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	urgeō	urgēs	urget	urgēmus	urgētis	urgent
	imperfect	urgēbam	urgēbās	urgēbat	urgēbāmus	urgēbātis	urgēbant
	future	urgēbō	urgēbis	urgēbit	urgēbimus	urgēbitis	urgēbunt
	perfect	ursī	ursistī	ursit	ursimus	ursistis	ursērunt, ursēre
	pluperfect	urseram	urserās	urserat	urserāmus	urserātis	urserant
	future perfect	urserō	urseris	urserit	urserimus	urseritis	urserint
passive	present	urgeor	urgēris, urgēre	urgētur	urgēmur	urgēminī	urgentur
	imperfect	urgēbar	urgēbāris, urgēbāre	urgēbātur	urgēbāmur	urgēbāminī	urgēbantur
	future	urgēbor	urgēberis, urgēbere	urgēbitur	urgēbimur	urgēbiminī	urgēbuntur
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	urgeam	urgeās	urgeat	urgeāmus	urgeātis	urgeant
	imperfect	urgērem	urgērēs	urgēret	urgērēmus	urgērētis	urgērent
	perfect	urserim	urserīs	urserit	urserīmus	urserītis	urserint
	pluperfect	ursissem	ursissēs	ursisset	ursissēmus	ursissētis	ursissent
passive	present	urgear	urgeāris, urgeāre	urgeātur	urgeāmur	urgeāminī	urgeantur
	imperfect	urgērer	urgērēris, urgērēre	urgērētur	urgērēmur	urgērēminī	urgērentur
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	urgē	—	—	urgēte	—
	future	—	urgētō	urgētō	—	urgētōte	urgentō
passive	present	—	urgēre	—	—	urgēminī	—
	future	—	urgētor	urgētor	—	—	urgentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		urgēre	ursisse	—	urgērī	—	—
participles		urgēns	—	—	—	—	urgendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		urgendī	urgendō	urgendum	urgendō	—	—

Derived terms

• adurgeō
• exurgeō
• inurgeō
• perurgeō
• suburgeō
• urgēns

 

Descendants

• Catalan: urgir
• English: urge
• French: urger (through urgent)
• Galician: urxir
• German: urgieren
• Italian: urgere
• Portuguese: urgir
• Spanish: urgir

References

• “urgeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• urgeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be hard pressed by misfortune: malis urgeri
    
  • to persist in an argument, press a point: argumentum premere (not urgere)
    
  • to be pressed on all sides: undique premi, urgeri (B. G. 2. 26)
    
• “urge”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.