[go: up one dir, main page]
Wiktionary

to

See also: Appendix:Variations of "to"
Languages (62)
Translingual • English
Abinomn • Asturian • Babine-Witsuwit'en • Babuza • Bahnar • Bambara • Catalan • Czech • Dalmatian • Danish • Esperanto • Ewe • Finnish • Friulian • Fula • Galician • Garifuna • Gonja • Gun • Hupa • Ido • Itene • Japanese • Kashubian • Kituba • Kongo • Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai • Lashi • Latvian • Lithuanian • Louisiana Creole • Lower Sorbian • Mauritian Creole • Middle English • Mohawk • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Czech • Old English • Old High German • Old Polish • Old Saxon • Plautdietsch • Polish • Portuguese • Selepet • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Slovak • Slovene • Tocharian B • Tooro • Tututni • Uzbek • Vietnamese • Votic • Welsh • Yola • Yoruba • Zazaki
Page categories

Translingual

edit

Symbol

edit

to

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Tongan.

English

edit

Alternative forms

edit
  • (dialectal) ter
  • (contraction) t'
  • (abbreviation) 2

Etymology 1

edit

From Middle English to, from Old English tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō ~ *ta, from Proto-Indo-European *de ~ *do (“to”). Cognate with Scots tae, to (“to”), North Frisian to, tö, tu (“to”), Saterland Frisian tou (“to”), Low German to (“to”), Dutch toe, te (“to”), German zu (“to”), West Frisian ta (“to”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian ndaj (“towards”), Irish do (“to, for”), Breton da (“to, for”), Welsh i (“to, for”), Russian до (do, “to”). Doublet of too.

Pronunciation

edit

Stressed

Unstressed

  This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.
Particularly: "(US, after a vowel) (before a vowel) (US, after a vowel)"

Particle

edit

to

  1. A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive.
    I want to leave.
    He asked me what to do.
    I have places to go and people to see.
    To err is human.
    Who am I to criticise? I've done worse things myself.
    • 1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC:
      To err, is human; to forgive, divine.
    • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
      To be, or not to be: that is the question: / […]
    • 2010 July, “Archived copy”, in Associated Press‎[1], archived from the original on 5 July 2010, headline:
      Odds are, BP to get new CEO this year
    • 2011 April 10, Alistair Magowan, “Aston Villa 1 - 0 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport‎[2]:
      To that end, the home supporters were in good voice to begin with, but it was Newcastle who started the game in the ascendancy, with Barton putting a diving header over the top from Jose Enrique's cross.
  2. As above, with the verb implied.
    "Did you visit the museum?" "I wanted to, but it was closed."
    If he hasn't read it yet, he ought to.
  3. Used to indicate an obligation on the part of, or a directive given to, the subject.
    You are to go to the store and buy a bottle of milk.
  4. (expressing purpose) In order to.
    I went to the shops to buy some bread.
Derived terms
edit
Translations
edit
  A user suggests that this English entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “Sense 1 is not the English infinitive morpheme, that would be -∅. The sentence "I could eat." contains a verb in the infinitive but no to. Rather, to is a particle that is used in conjunction with an already (zero-)marked infinitive. The box below, however, seems to contain a random mix of translations of the infinitive marker -∅ (e.g. German -en, Romanian -a, Turkish -mek) and the particle to (e.g. German zu, Romanian a).”
Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup(+) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Preposition

edit

to

  1. In the direction of; towards.
    She looked to the heavens.
  2. Indicating destination or final position: In the direction of, so as to arrive at or reach.
    We are walking to the shop.
    The water came right to the top of this wall.
    The coconut fell to the ground.
    • 2013 September 28, Kenan Malik, “London Is Special, but Not That Special”, in New York Times, retrieved 28 September 2013:
      Driven by a perceived political need to adopt a hard-line stance, Mr. Cameron’s coalition government has imposed myriad new restrictions, the aim of which is to reduce net migration to Britain to below 100,000.
  3. Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action.
    I gave the book to him.
    I spoke to him earlier.
    He devoted himself to education.
    They drank to his health.
  4. So as to contact, press against, impact, etc.
    I fixed the notice to the wall.
    Put your shoulder to the door.
  5. Used to indicate result of action.
    His face was beaten to a pulp.
    I tried complaining, but it was to no effect.
    1. Used to indicate a resulting feeling or emotion.
      To everyone's great relief, the tuneless carol singers finally ceased their warbling.
  6. Used after an adjective to indicate its application.
    similar to ..., relevant to ..., pertinent to ..., I was nice to him, he was cruel to her, I am used to walking.
  7. Indicating a degree or level reached.
    It was to a large extent true.
    We manufacture these parts to a very high tolerance.
  8. Used to describe what something consists of or contains.
    Anyone could do this job; there's nothing to it.
    There's a lot of sense to what he says.
    The name has a nice ring to it.
  9. Denotes the end of a range.
    It takes 2 to 4 weeks to process typical applications.
  10. (obsolete) As a.
    With God to friend (with God as a friend);   with The Devil to fiend (with the Devil as a foe);   lambs slaughtered to lake (lambs slaughtered as a sacrifice);   took her to wife (took her as a wife);   was sold to slave (was sold as a slave).
  11. Used to indicate a ratio or comparison; compared to, as against.
    one to one = 1:1
    ten to one = 10:1.
    I have ten dollars to your four.
    The odds on that horse are seven to two.
    • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:
      The hoſt of Xerxes, which by fame is ſaid
      To drinke the mightie Parthian Araris,
      Was but a handfull to that we will haue.
    • 2012 April 22, Sam Sheringham, “Liverpool 0-1 West Brom”, in BBC Sport‎[3]:
      In total, the Reds had 28 shots to their opponent's nine, and 15 corners to the Baggies' three.
  12. (arithmetic) Used to indicate that the preceding term is to be raised to the power of the following value; indicates exponentiation.
    Three squared or three to the second power is nine.
    Three to the power of two is nine.
    Three to the second is nine.
  13. (time) Preceding (the stated hour).
    What's the time? – It's quarter to four in the afternoon (or 3:45 pm).
    Antonym: past
    1. (informal) With implied hour.
      It’s quarter to (3:45, or 4:45, or whatever time ending in 45 would make the most sense)
  14. According to.
    Our holiday did not go to plan.
  15. (Canada, Cornwall (UK), Newfoundland, Wales, West Midlands (UK)) At.
    Stay where you're to and I'll come find you, b'y.
    Where are you to?
    • 1867, Cornish Tales, in prose and verse by various authors, page 33:
      "What's that to you?" said Trevool, rather sharply, "worn't I to a berrin? […]
  16. Used more-or-less idiomatically with various verbs: keep to the left, agree to the proposal, attend to the matter, etc. See the individual entries.
Usage notes
edit

In the sense of "as a", it is a fossil word (Standard English only), found usually only in obsolete set phrases like: "to take a woman to wife", "to have someone to friend", "to have something to birthright" etc. In northern dialects, where it is rare but still in common use, it is often used in combination with with.

Derived terms
edit
Translations
edit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
See also
edit

Adverb

edit

to (not comparable)

  1. (regionalism) Toward a closed, touching or engaging position.
    Synonyms: closed, shut
    Antonyms: open, ajar
    Please push the door to.
  2. (nautical) Into the wind.
  3. Misspelling of too.
Usage notes
edit

The sense "toward a closed, touching or engaging position" is a regionalism found in various parts of the UK and US.

Translations
edit
Translations
See also
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Hindi तो (to).

Pronunciation

edit

Particle

edit

to

  1. (mild intensifier, colloquial, chiefly North India) a filler word common amongst urban Indians.
    I am to so bored right now.

References

edit
  • Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

Anagrams

edit

Abinomn

edit

Noun

edit

to

  1. sago (tree)

Asturian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin tuus.

Adjective

edit

to (epicene, plural tos)

  1. your
edit

Babine-Witsuwit'en

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

Noun

edit

to

  1. water

References

edit
  • Sharon Hargus, Wisuwit’en Grammar: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology (2007), page 43

Babuza

edit

Noun

edit

to

  1. water

References

edit
  • Naoyoshi Ogawa, English-Favorlang vocabulary (2003)
  • S. Tsuchida, A Comparative Vocabulary of Austronesian Languages of Sinicized Ethnic Groups in Taiwan, Part I: Western Taiwan, Memoirs of the Faculty of Letters, No. 7 (1982)

Bahnar

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Bahnaric *tɔʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *tɔʔ. Cognates include Vietnamese đó, Khmer ដ៏ (dɑɑ).

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

to

  1. that, there

Bambara

edit

Noun

edit

to

  1. stiff porridge

Catalan

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos).[1] First attested in 1575.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

to m (plural tons)

  1. (music) tone (specific pitch)
  2. (linguistics) tone (pitch of a word)
  3. tone or shade of a color

Derived terms

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ “to”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024

Further reading

edit

Czech

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Old Czech to.

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

to n

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of ten: it, this, that

Further reading

edit
  • “to”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “to”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “to”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Dalmatian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin tuus. Compare Italian tuo, Romanian tău, Friulian to, French ton, Spanish tu.

Pronoun

edit

to m (feminine toa)

  1. your; second-person masculine singular possessive pronoun

See also

edit

Danish

edit
Danish cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : to
    Ordinal : anden

Etymology 1

edit

From Old Norse tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”).

The modern Danish form is a merger of the original East Old Norse accusative masculine twā and the nominative/accusative feminine twāʀ (West tvær). The neuter tū (West tvau) is preserved in the adverb itu.

Pronunciation

edit

Numeral

edit

to

  1. two

Etymology 2

edit

From Old Norse þvá (“wash”), from Proto-Germanic *þwahaną.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

to (imperative to, infinitive at to, present tense tor, past tense toede, perfect tense har toet)

  1. (dated) wash

Esperanto

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

to (accusative singular to-on, plural to-oj, accusative plural to-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter T/t.

See also

edit

Ewe

edit

Noun

edit

to

  1. antelope
  2. (anatomy) ear
  3. father-in-law
  4. mortar
  5. mountain

Verb

edit

to

  1. to crush
  2. to pound

Finnish

edit

Etymology

edit

Abbreviation of torstai ("Thursday").

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈto/, [ˈt̪o̞]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation(key): to

Noun

edit

to

  1. Thu (abbreviation of Thursday)

Friulian

edit

Etymology

edit

From Latin tuus.

Pronoun

edit

to (second-person singular possessive of masculine singular, of feminine singular tô, of masculine plural tiei, of feminine plural tôs)

  1. (used attributively) your, thy; of yours, of thine
    che al sedi santifiât il to nom, che al vegni il to ream, — "Your kingdom come, your will be done," (third and fourth sentences of Lord's Prayer)
  2. (used predicatively) yours, thine
  3. (used substantively) yours, thine; the thing belonging to you/ thee

See also

edit

Fula

edit

Preposition

edit

to

  1. in, at, to

References

edit

Galician

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Interjection

edit

to

  1. interjection used to call dogs or cattle
    • 1820, B. A. Fandiño, El Heráclito Español y Demócrito Gallego:
      Meu señor santo Tomé,
      tendes dous nomes nun só,
      sodes castrón polo mé,
      é sodes cán polo tó.
      My good sir Santo Tomé:
      You have two names in just one,
      You are a ram with the "mé"
      And a dog with the "tó"

References

edit

Garifuna

edit

Article

edit

to

  1. feminine definite article
    Mutu to ― The woman

Antonyms

edit

Gonja

edit

Noun

edit

to

  1. language

References

edit
  • Mary E. Kropp Dakubu, The Languages of Ghana

Gun

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Cognates include Fon tò, Saxwe Gbe otò, Adja eto

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

tò (plural tò lɛ́ or tò lẹ́)

  1. city, village, town, country
    Ùn ná yì ná tò cé / N ná yì ná tò ṣié ― I will go to my country
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 2

edit

Cognates include Fon tò

Pronunciation

edit

Particle

edit

tò

  1. A present progressive or habitual tense marker, only used before nouns.
    Synonyms: nɔ̀, nọ̀
    Nyɛ́ tò hàn jì / Yẹ́n tò hàn jì ― I am singing

Etymology 3

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Preposition

edit

tò

  1. in, at

Etymology 4

edit

Cognates include Fon tò, Adja tò. Compare Yoruba tò, Ifè tò

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

tò

  1. to arrange, manage, organise

Etymology 5

edit
 
Òtó ɖòkpó / Òtó dòpó

From Proto-Gbe *-tó. Cognates include Fon tó, Saxwe Gbe otó, Adja eto, Ewe eto

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

tó (plural tó lɛ́ or tó lẹ́)

  1. ear
Derived terms
edit

Hupa

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

to

  1. a body of water, such as a lake or ocean

References

edit
  • The Phonology of the Hupa Language, part 1: The Individual Sounds, volume 5, by Roland Burrage Dixon, Samuel Alfred Barrett, Washington Matthews, Bill Ray (using the older orthography "tō")
  • Victor Golla, Hupa Language Dictionary Second Edition (1996), page 105 (to)

Ido

edit

Pronoun

edit

to

  1. Alternative form of ito (“that”)

Itene

edit

Noun

edit

to

  1. eye

References

edit
  • Čestmír Loukotka, ‎Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 162

Japanese

edit

Romanization

edit

to

  1. The hiragana syllable と (to) or the katakana syllable ト (to) in Hepburn romanization.

Kashubian

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈtɔ/
  • Rhymes: -ɔ
  • Syllabification: to

Pronoun

edit

to

  1. relative and interrogative pronoun; this, that

Further reading

edit
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “to”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[4]

Kituba

edit

Conjunction

edit

to

  1. or

Kongo

edit

Conjunction

edit

to

  1. or

Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

Noun

edit

to

  1. water

References

edit
  • Franz Boas, Pline Early Goddard, Vocabulary of an Athapascan dialect of the State of Washington, IJAL volume III, pages 39-45 (1924-1925)

Lashi

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

to

  1. to make something go up

References

edit
  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎[5], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Latvian

edit

Pronoun

edit

to

  1. that; accusative singular masculine of tas
  2. with that; instrumental singular masculine of tas
  3. of that; genitive plural masculine of tas
  4. that; accusative singular feminine of tas
  5. with that; instrumental singular feminine of tas
  6. of that; genitive plural feminine of tas

Lithuanian

edit

Pronoun

edit

to

  1. that; genitive singular masculine of tas

Louisiana Creole

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from French tu (“you, thou”).

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

to (second person informal singular, plural vouzòt, ouzòt, zòt, zo, objective twa, possessive determiner tô, possessive pronoun tokin, tochin)

  1. you (singular), thou
    To té paʼlé gra. / To te pale gra.
    You spoke with an accent. (literally: "You had spoken thick.")

Derived terms

edit
  • (prevocalic) t'

Lower Sorbian

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

to n

  1. this

Determiner

edit

to

  1. nominative neuter singular of ten
  2. accusative neuter singular of ten

Mauritian Creole

edit

Etymology

edit

From French tu.

Pronoun

edit

to (objective twa, formal ou)

  1. you (second-person singular nominative personal pronoun)

See also

edit
Mauritian Creole personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person mo
mwa (objective) 		nou
2nd person to (informal), ou (formal)
twa (objective) 		zot
3rd person li zot, bann-la

Middle English

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Old English tā, tāhe, from Proto-West Germanic *taihā, from Proto-Germanic *taihwǭ (“toe”).

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

to (plural tos or ton)

  1. (anatomy) toe
edit
Descendants
edit
  • English: toe
  • Scots: tae
  • Yola: toan (plural)
References
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Old English tō, ta, te, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta.

Pronunciation

edit

Particle

edit

to

  1. to (infinitive marker)
Alternative forms
edit
Descendants
edit
References
edit

Preposition

edit

to

  1. to
Alternative forms
edit
Descendants
edit
References
edit

Adverb

edit

to

  1. to
Alternative forms
edit
Descendants
edit
References
edit

Adverb

edit

to

  1. too
Alternative forms
edit
  • two; ta (northern West Midlands)
Descendants
edit
References
edit

Conjunction

edit

to

  1. until
  2. while
  3. so that
References
edit

Etymology 3

edit

Shortening of tone.

Pronoun

edit

to

  1. the one (of two)
Alternative forms
edit

Mohawk

edit

Particle

edit

to

  1. Alternative form of tó:

Norwegian Bokmål

edit
Norwegian Bokmål cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : to
    Ordinal : annen

Etymology

edit

From Old Norse tvá, accusative case of tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

Pronunciation

edit

Numeral

edit

to

  1. two

Derived terms

edit

References

edit

Norwegian Nynorsk

edit
Norwegian Nynorsk cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : to
    Ordinal : andre

Alternative forms

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Old Norse tvá, accusative case of tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.

Numeral

edit

to

  1. two
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Old Norse tó n.

Noun

edit

to n (definite singular toet, indefinite plural to, definite plural toa)

  1. fabric
  2. (figurative, by extension) ability, nature

Etymology 3

edit

From Old Norse tó f.

Noun

edit

to f (definite singular toa, indefinite plural tør, definite plural tørne)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

edit

Anagrams

edit

Old Czech

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to.

Pronoun

edit

to

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of ten: it, this, that

Descendants

edit

References

edit

Old English

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-West Germanic *tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.

Pronunciation

edit

Preposition

edit

tō

  1. to, into
    • 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 30‎[6]:
      Þonne iċ mec onhebbe ond hī onhnīgaþ tō mē, moniġe mid miltse, þǣr iċ monnum sceal īċan upcyme ēadiġnesse.
      When I raise myself up and they bow down to me, many with mercy, then I shall increase rising of happiness for men.
  2. towards
    • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
      ...ðā beseah hē tō Petre sumere ælmessan wilniġende...
      Then looked he towards Peter, desiring an alms,...
  3. at
  4. (grammar) used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb
    tō drīfenne ― to drive
  5. as (In the role of)
    iċ wyrċe tō īsensmiðe ― I work as an ironsmith
    þā nam iċ hīe tō wīfe ― then I took her as a wife
    tō bōte ― to boot (literally: as an improvement, thus in addition)

Adverb

edit

tō

  1. besides
  2. in addition, also, too; moreover
  3. to an excessive degree; too
    • 10th century, The Wanderer:
      Ne sċeal nō tō hātheort, · ne tō hrædwyrde,
      ne tō wāc wiga, · ne tō wanhȳdiġ,
      ne tō forht, ne tō fæġen, · ne tō feohġīfre,
      ne nǣfre ġielpes tō ġeorn, · ǣr hē ġeare cunne.
      Should not be too wrathful, nor too hasty in words,
      nor too weak warrior, nor too careless,
      nor too fearful, nor too joyful, nor too eager for money,
      nor ever too eager of pride, before he would know enough.

Descendants

edit

Old High German

edit

Preposition

edit

to

  1. Alternative form of zuo

Old Polish

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

edit

Particle

edit

to

  1. intensifying particle

Pronoun

edit

to

  1. relative and interrogative pronoun; this, that
  2. possessive pronoun
  3. indeterminate pronoun; this, that
  4. introduction pronoun; this

Conjunction

edit

to

  1. then (in that case, used in if constructions)
  2. clarifies a statement; namely
  3. resultative conjunction; so
  4. secondary clause equivalent in superordinate clauses

Descendants

edit
  • Polish: to
  • Silesian: to

References

edit
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “to”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Old Saxon

edit

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Proto-Germanic *tō, whence also Old English ti and Old High German zuo

Preposition

edit

tō

  1. to

Descendants

edit

Plautdietsch

edit

Preposition

edit

to

  1. to

Polish

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Old Polish to. Cognate with Czech to, Russian то (to), Ancient Greek τό (tó), German das, dass, English that.

Pronunciation

edit

Conjunction

edit

to

  1. used to attribute to the known object a characteristic that helps one know more about the topic; may optionally be followed by jest [with nominative]
    Janek to mój brat. ― Janek is my brother.
    Górnicy to jest takie specyficzne społeczeństwo. ― Miners are such a peculiar society.
  2. used to juxtapose elements that are equivalent
    Chcieć to móc. ― Where there's a will there's a way. (literally, “To want is to be able to.”)
    Ciekawość to pierwszy stopień do piekła. ― Curiosity killed the cat. (literally, “Curiosity is the first step to hell.”)
  3. used to indicate that the subject of the conversation has peculiarities which are familiar to the interlocutors, so that nothing else needs to be said about it in order to understand the topic
    Nasze straty są minimalne, ale bez śmierci się nie obejdzie. Wojna to wojna. ― Our losses are minimal but some casualties are inevitable. War is war.
    No, ale rozkaz to rozkaz. Nie mnie podważać. ― Well, but an order is an order. Not for me to question.
  4. in that case, then (used in if-constructions)
    Coordinate term: jeśli
    „Wiem, co chcę zrobić.” „To to zrób”. ― “I know what I want to do.” “Then do it.”
    Jeśli to zrobisz, to daj mi znać. ― If you do this, then let me know.
    „Jeżeli zbuduję sobie kiedyś własny dom, to właśnie taki” – myślałam. ― “If I ever build my own house one day, this is the one,” I thought.

Derived terms

edit
conjunction

Particle

edit

to

  1. used to indicate what one is talking about
    Parę razy mi się udało. Z jedną to nawet bardzo. ― I have succeeded a couple of times. With one it was even very successful.
  2. used to indicate what can be said about the topic, in contrast to all that cannot be said about it
    W tych ścianach to ona była królową i musiała mieć królewskie wejście. ― Within these walls, it was her who was the queen and had to have a royal entrance.
  3. so (used after a pause for thought to introduce a new topic, question, or story, or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic)
    Synonym: a
    No to kiedy zaczynamy? ― So when are we starting?
    OK, to do zobaczenia. ― OK, see you then.
  4. used to indicate that the topic in the relevant question refers to a known set of elements from which a choice has to be made
    Synonym: też
    Od kiedy to morderstwo jest takim ewenementem? ― Since when is murder such a rarity?
    Komu to przypadło dzisiaj kucharzowanie? ― Who is cooking today?
  5. used to express surprise that something is indeed like that as the speaker did not think it could really be so
    Synonyms: ale, co za, jaki
    A to zdolniacha z wuja! ― Uncle really is gifted!
    No, tośmy wczoraj mieli niezły bal! ― Well, we had quite a party yesterday!
  6. (literary) used to indicate that the topic refers to a known object, mentioned in the preceding statement
    O Czechosłowacji po roku 1968 dochodziły do nas ponure wiadomości, dlatego to starałem się przejechać ten kraj jak najszybciej mimo zmęczenia. ― There was grim news about Czechoslovakia after 1968, which is why I tried to cross the country as quickly as possible despite my fatigue.
  7. (colloquial) used to indicate that what someone has said about the topic is a fait accompli and should no longer be discussed
    Spróbuj zaakceptować jego wady. Nikt nie jest kryształowy. Pali to pali, widziały gały co brały. ― Try to accept his flaws. No one is perfect. OK, he smokes, so what? Big deal, you should've thought about it earlier.

Pronoun

edit

to n

  1. this (nearby, neuter)
    Antonym: tamto
    Inna rzecz, że nikt nie zwracał na niego szczególnej uwagi; to go dziwiło. ― The other thing was that no one paid any particular attention to him; this surprised him.
  2. used to point to the object to which the sentence refers
    Synonym: oto
    Ewa, to Andrzej. ― Ewa, this is Andrzej.

Declension

edit
Declension of to
singular plural
nominative to te
genitive tego tych
dative temu tym/tem (archaic)
accusative to te
instrumental tym/tem tymi/temi (archaic)
locative tym/tem tych
vocative to te

Trivia

edit

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), to is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 655 times in scientific texts, 307 times in news, 880 times in essays, 1038 times in fiction, and 2233 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 5113 times, making it the 11th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References

edit
  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “to”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 605, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 2

Further reading

edit
  • to in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • to in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • “TO I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 09.07.2008
  • “TO II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 09.07.2008
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “to”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “to”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “to”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 72

Portuguese

edit

Pronunciation

edit

  • Hyphenation: to

Contraction

edit

to (feminine ta)

  1. Contraction of te o.

Selepet

edit

Noun

edit

to

  1. water

References

edit
  • K. A. McElhanon, Selepet grammar (1972)
  • William A. Foley, The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN, page 257

Serbo-Croatian

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

tȏ (Cyrillic spelling то̑)

  1. neuter nominative singular of taj
  2. neuter accusative singular of taj

Silesian

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Old Polish to.

Pronunciation

edit
  • IPA(key): /ˈtɔ/
  • Rhymes: -ɔ
  • Syllabification: to

Pronoun

edit

to n

  1. this (nearby, neuter)
  2. used to point to the object to which the sentence refers

Particle

edit

to

  1. intensifier particle in questions

Conjunction

edit

to

  1. in that case, then (used in if-constructions)

Further reading

edit
  • to in silling.org

Slovak

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to.

Pronoun

edit

to

  1. nominative/accusative neuter singular of ten: it, this, that

Slovene

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Pronoun

edit

tọ̑

  1. inflection of ta:
    1. accusative singular feminine
    2. nominative/accusative singular neuter

Tocharian B

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰowh₂ōn, from the root *dʰewh₂-.

Noun

edit

to m

  1. (detatchable) body hair on the human body (especially pubic hair)

Tooro

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Bantu *-tòó.

Pronunciation

edit

Adjective

edit

-to (declinable)

  1. young
    Synonym: -hyaka (“new”)
    Antonym: -kuru (“old, senior”)

Declension

edit
Inflected forms of -to
Noun class indefinite definite
singular plural singular plural
1/2 muto bato omuto abato
3/4 muto mito omuto emito
5/6 lito mato erito amato
7/8 kito bito ekito ebito
9/10 nto nto ento ento
11/10 ruto oruto
12/14 kato buto akato obuto
13 tuto otuto
14/6 buto mato obuto amato
15/6 kuto okuto
16 hato ahato

References

edit
  1. Entry 7185 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
  2. Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[7], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 373

Tututni

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.

Noun

edit

to

  1. (Euchre Creek) water

References

edit
  • Victor Golla, Tututni (Oregon Athapaskan), International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 42:3 (July 1976), pages 217-227

Uzbek

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Arabic طَاء (ṭāʔ).

Noun

edit

to (plural tolar)

  1. the Arabic letter ط

Declension

edit
Declension of to
singular plural
nominative to tolar
genitive toning tolarning
dative toga tolarga
definite accusative toni tolarni
locative toda tolarda
ablative todan tolardan
similative todek tolardek

* Note: The type of possessive is not specified.

Vietnamese

edit

Etymology

edit

Compare Thai โต (dtoo), Lao ໂຕ (tō), Lü ᦷᦎ (ṫo).

Pronunciation

edit

Adjective

edit

to • (蘇, 𡚢, 𫰅, 𡚡)

  1. big, large
    Antonyms: nhỏ, bé
  2. great, considerable
  3. loud

Usage notes

edit
  • In many situations, this word and lớn are interchangeable:
    nhà to mà chẳng ai ở ― a big house where no one lives in
    căn nhà lớn trên đỉnh đồi ― a big house on top of the hill
  • However, for body parts, it seems like only to is used:
    tai to ― big ears

See also

edit
Derived terms

Votic

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Russian то (to).

Pronunciation

edit

Conjunction

edit

to

  1. (if ...) then
  2. or else

References

edit
  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “to”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

Welsh

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Brythonic *toɣ (“covering”).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

to m (plural toeau or toeon)

  1. roof
    Synonym: pen tŷ

Derived terms

edit

Mutation

edit
Mutated forms of to
radical soft nasal aspirate
to do nho tho

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Yola

edit

Preposition

edit

to

  1. Alternative form of ta
    • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
      Coome to thee met.
      Come to thy meat.
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:
      Shoo ya aam zim to doone, as w' be doone nowe;
      She gave them some to do, as we are doing now;
    • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:
      A near a haapney to paay a peepeare.
      Had ne'er a halfpenny to pay the piper.
    • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:
      Wee aar lhaung vlealès an pikkès, to waaite apan a breede.
      With their long flails and picks, to wait upon the bride.
    • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:
      Hea marreet dear Phielim to his sweet Jauane.
      He married dear Phelim to his sweet Joan.

References

edit
  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 31

Yoruba

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

tò

  1. (transitive) to arrange, to line up
  2. (transitive) to order, to put things in order
  3. (intransitive) to become ordered, to become arranged
Usage notes
edit
  • to before a direct object
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 2

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

tò

  1. (Ekiti, Ondo) to talk incessantly; to gossip
    Synonym: rò
    Ẹjọ́ kúwe é tò ― What are you gossiping about? (literally, “What matter are you talking incessantly about”)
Usage notes
edit
  • to before a direct object
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 3

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

tó

  1. (intransitive) to be enough, to be worthy, to be sufficient, to amount to
  2. (intransitive) to be comparable to
    gíga a rẹ̀ẹ́ tó erin ― His tallness is comparable to an elephant
Usage notes
edit
  • It is a common verb in Yoruba names affirming the worthiness of entities like the orisha. (Ex. Ògúntósìn (“A Yoruba name meaning, "Ogun is worthy of being worshipped."”)).
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 4

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

tó

  1. to reach up to
    ọwọ́ mi kò tó o ― My hand does not reach it
  2. to be visible, to be comprehensible

Zazaki

edit

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *túH, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Related to Persian تو (to).

Pronoun

edit

to

  1. (informal) you (sg., acc.)
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=to&oldid=82736962"