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Wiktionary

iris

See also: Iris, IRIs, íris, Íris, and iris-

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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From Middle English [Term?], from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”). Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), possibly from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *w(e)ih₁-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). If so, it would be cognate to English wire.

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Online Etymology Dictionary: The eye region was so called (early 15c. in English) for being the part that gives color to the eye; the Greek word was used of any brightly colored circle, "as that round the eyes of a peacock's tail" [Liddell & Scott]”

Pronunciation

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  • enPR: ī'rĭs, IPA(key): /ˈaɪ.ɹɪs/
  • (Canada) IPA(key): /aɪɹɪs/, /ʌɪɹɪs/, [əɪɹɪs]
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɪɹɪs

Noun

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A plant of the genus Iris.
 
Illustration showing parts of the human eye, including the iris.
 
Frontal view of the iris of a human eye.

iris (plural irises or iris or irides) (See Usage notes)

  2. (botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See   Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
    • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:
      Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.
  4. (anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See   Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia ).
  5. (photography, cinematography) A diaphragm used to regulate the size of a hole, especially as a way of controlling the amount of light reaching a lens.
  6. (poetic) A rainbow, or other colourful refraction of light.
  7. (electronics) A constricted opening in the path inside a waveguide, used to form a resonator.
  8. (zoology) The inner circle of an oscillated color spot.

Usage notes

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  • For the part of the eye, the most common plural is irises, though irides is usual in medical contexts.
  • For the flower both iris and irises are in common use.

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, see Citations:iris.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Further reading

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Verb

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iris (third-person singular simple present irises, present participle irising, simple past and past participle irised)

  1. (of an aperture, lens, or door) To open or close in the manner of an iris.
  2. (literary) To cause (something) to shine with the colours of the rainbow; to make iridescent.
    Synonym: iridize
    • 1834, Jacob Abbott, chapter 1, in The Corner-Stone‎[1], Boston: William Peirce, page 31:
      Pure, transparent, glistening in the sun, and irised by a thousand hues, which float and wave and spread in graceful and ceaseless motion on its surface!
    • 1987, Charles Tomlinson, “Winter Journey”, in The Return‎[2], Oxford University Press, page 35:
      The sun as it comes indoors out of space
      Has left a rainbow irising each glass—
      A refraction, caught then multiplied
      From the crystal tied within our window,

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Bikol Central

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʔiˈɾis/ [ʔiˈɾis]
  • Hyphenation: i‧ris

Noun

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irís (Basahan spelling ᜁᜍᜒᜐ᜔)

  1. (anatomy) side of the body
    Synonyms: tagiliran, hirog

Catalan

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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iris m (invariable)

  1. iris (part of the eye)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin īris or Middle French iris (itself from Latin), from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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iris f (plural irissen, diminutive irisje n)

  1. (anatomy) iris (coloured part of the eye)
    Synonym: regenboogvlies
  2. Synonym of lis (“plant of genus Iris”)

Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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iris

  1. past of iri

French

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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iris m (plural iris)

  1. iris

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Ido

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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iris

  1. past of irar

Indonesian

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Noun

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iris (first-person possessive irisku, second-person possessive irismu, third-person possessive irisnya)

  1. slice

Verb

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mengiris

  1. to slice

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish iris f (“a thong or strap (from which a shield, bag, etc. is suspended)”).[2]

Noun

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iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí or irseacha or irste)

  1. strap, sling (for carrying)
Declension
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Declension of iris

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative iris irisí
Vocative a iris a irisí
Genitive irise irisí
Dative iris irisí

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an iris na hirisí
Genitive na hirise na n-irisí
Dative leis an iris

don iris

leis na hirisí

Etymology 2

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From Old Irish iress (“religion, creed, the (true) faith”).[3]

Noun

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iris f (genitive singular irise)

  1. (literary) belief, faith, religion
Declension
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Declension of iris

Second declension

Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative iris
Vocative a iris
Genitive irise
Dative iris

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular
Nominative an iris
Genitive na hirise
Dative leis an iris

don iris

Alternative forms
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Etymology 3

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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iris f (genitive singular irise, nominative plural irisí)

  1. Alternative form of oireas
  2. magazine, journal
    Synonym: irisleabhar
  3. gazette
Declension
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Declension of iris

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative iris irisí
Vocative a iris a irisí
Genitive irise irisí
Dative iris irisí

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an iris na hirisí
Genitive na hirise na n-irisí
Dative leis an iris

don iris

leis na hirisí
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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iris m

  1. inflection of ireas (“iris”):
    1. genitive/vocative singular
    2. nominative/dative plural

Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
iris n-iris hiris not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 43
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “iris”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ires(s)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

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Italian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈi.ris/
  • Rhymes: -iris
  • Hyphenation: ì‧ris

Noun

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iris m or f (invariable)

  1. iris (flower)
    Synonyms: giaggiolo, iride

Anagrams

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Latin

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Etymology 1

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From Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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īris f (genitive īris or īridis); third declension

  1. rainbow
    • Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Apocalypsis [Revelation] 10:1:
      et vīdī alium angelum fortem dēscendentem dē caelō amictum nūbe, et īris in capite eius, et faciēs eius erat ut sōl, et pedēs eius tamquam columna ignis
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
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Third-declension noun (i-stem or imparisyllabic non-i-stem; two different stems).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative īris īrēs
īridēs
Genitive īris
īridis 		īrium
īridum
Dative īrī
īridī 		īribus
īridibus
Accusative īrem
īrim
īrin
īridem 		īrēs
īrīs
īridēs
Ablative īre
īride 		īribus
īridibus
Vocative īris īrēs
īridēs

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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īrīs

  1. dative/ablative plural of īra

Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no
 
Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology

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Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”).

Noun

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iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural iriser, definite plural irisene)

  1. (botany) an iris (flower)
  2. (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)
    Synonym: regnbuehinne

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”).

Noun

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iris m (definite singular irisen, indefinite plural irisar, definite plural irisane)

  1. (botany) an iris (flower)
  2. (anatomy) an iris (part of the eye)
    Synonym: regnbogehinne

References

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Old Irish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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iris

  1. Alternative spelling of iriss: accusative/dative singular of iress

Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
iris
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) 		unchanged n-iris
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Portuguese

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Noun

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iris f (invariable)

  1. Obsolete spelling of íris.

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French iris, Latin iris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Noun

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iris n (plural irisuri)

  1. (anatomy) iris (of the eye)

Declension

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Declension of iris
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) iris irisul (niște) irisuri irisurile
genitive/dative (unui) iris irisului (unor) irisuri irisurilor
vocative irisule irisurilor

Noun

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iris n (plural iriși)

  1. (botany) iris (flower)
    Synonyms: stânjenel, stânjen

Declension

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Declension of iris
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) iris irisul (niște) iriși irișile
genitive/dative (unui) iris irisului (unor) iriși irișilor
vocative irisule irișilor

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Irish iris.

Noun

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iris f (genitive singular irise, plural irisean)

  1. magazine, periodical
    Synonym: ràitheachan

Mutation

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Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
iris n-iris h-iris t-iris
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin iris, Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈiɾis/ [ˈi.ɾis]
  • Rhymes: -iɾis
  • Syllabification: i‧ris

Noun

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iris m (plural iris or írises)

  1. (anatomy) iris

Derived terms

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Further reading

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